714 research outputs found
Correction to: When terminology hinders research: the colloquialisms of transitions of control in automated driving (Cognition, Technology & Work, (2022), 10.1007/s10111-022-00705-3)
No full textIn the original article, author affiliation published with error. The correct affiliations are: Davide Maggi—Institute for Transport Studies, Leeds, UK. Richard Romano—Institute for Transport Studies, Leeds, UK. Oliver Carsten—Institute for Transport Studies, Leeds, UK. Joost C. F. De Winter—Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands. The original article has been corrected.Human-Robot Interactio
Track Reconstruction and Experience with Cosmic Ray Data in CMS
No full textThe CMS tracking system, comprised of silicon pixel and micro-strip detectors, is designed to provide a precise and efficient measurement of the trajectories of charged particles emerging from the LHC collisions. With over 70~million electronic channels and an active area of about it is the largest silicon tracker ever built. After a short introduction to the CMS tracker and to the track reconstruction algorithms, results from tracking with cosmic ray data are presented. First experience with cosmic ray tracking was gained in a vertical slice test involving various CMS sub-detectors. Additional understanding was obtained during the final assembly and surface commissioning of the silicon micro-strip tracker. Both data sets have been extensively studied, and a concise summary focussing on track reconstruction is given
Search for new physics in electron-tau final states in proton - antiproton collisions at 1.96 TeV
No full textDuring the last decades, particle physicists have studied the tiniest building blocks of matter--the quarks and the leptons--and the forces between them in great detail. From these experiments, a theoretical framework has been built that describes the observed results with high precision. The achievement of this theory, which is referred to as the Standard Model of elementary particle physics, was the elaboration of a unified description of the strong, weak and electromagnetic forces in the framework of quantum gauge-field theories. Moreover, the Standard Model combines the weak and electromagnetic forces in a single electroweak gauge theory. The fourth force which is realized in nature, gravity, is too weak to be observable in laboratory experiments carried out in high-energy particle physics and is not part of the Standard Model. Although the Standard Model has proven highly successful in correlating a huge amount of experimental results, a key ingredient is as yet untested: the origin of electroweak symmetry breaking. Currently, the only viable ansatz that is compatible with observation is the Higgs mechanism. It predicts the existence of a scalar particle, called the Higgs boson, and the couplings to the fundamental Standard Model particles, however not its mass. An upper limit on the mass of the Higgs boson of {approx} 1 TeV can be inferred from unitarity arguments. One of the key tasks of particle physics in the next years will be to verify the existence of this particle. The introduction of an elementary scalar particle in a quantum field theory is highly problematic. The Higgs boson mass is subject to large quantum corrections, which makes it difficult to understand how its mass can be less than a TeV as required by theory. In addition, the Standard Model does not provide an answer to fundamental questions like the values of free parameters of the model, the pending integration of gravity or the evolution of the coupling constants of the fundamental forces at large energy regimes. Hence there are strong reasons to believe that the Standard Model is only a low-energy approximation to a more fundamental theory. One of the best studied candidates for an extension of the Standard Model is supersymmetry, which predicts the existence of a supersymmetric partner for each fundamental particle that differs only in spin. To allow different masses for Standard Model particles and their corresponding supersymmetric partners, supersymmetry must be broken. The mechanism behind supersymmetry breaking is currently unknown, however, various hypotheses exist. Supersymmetric models do not only solve the problem of the large quantum corrections to the Higgs boson mass, but they also allow the unification of the coupling constants at a common scale. In addition, certain supersymmetric models provide a suitable candidate for cold dark matter, which represents a large fraction of mass in our universe. Searches for supersymmetric particles have been performed by the four LEP experiments (ALEPH, DELPHI, L3, OPAL) up to the kinematic limit. Since no evidence for supersymmetric particles has been found, lower limits on their masses have been derived. The search for supersymmetry is now continuing at the Tevatron collider, located at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory in Batavia, Illinois. Two dedicated detector systems, CDF and D0, are installed at the Tevatron to analyze proton-antiproton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 1.96 TeV. A particular promising discovery channel for supersymmetry within the Tevatron energy range is the trilepton channel. In this channel, the lighter supersymmetric partners of the Higgs and gauge bosons, the charginos and neutralinos, decay into final states with leptons or hadrons and missing energy. Using the leptonic final states, the signal can be separated from the large Standard Model background. Supersymmetry requires an extension of the Standard Model Higgs sector, leading to more than one neutral Higgs boson. Enhanced couplings result in sizable cross sections for Higgs boson production, and the decay into a tau pair becomes an important Higgs boson discovery channel. Within the present thesis, a search for new physics predicted by constrained supersymmetric models is performed in final states consisting of an electron and a tau using data collected with the D0 detector from April 2002 to July 2004. The first analysis searches for the associated production of the lightest chargino and the second lightest neutralino in final states with an electron, a hadronically decaying tau, an additional lepton and missing transverse energy: e + {tau}{sub h} + {ell} + E{sub T}. The second analysis searches for neutral supersymmetric Higgs bosons in the decay mode {phi} {yields} {tau}{tau} {yields} e + {tau}{sub h} + E{sub T}. To improve the sensitivity, the results are interpreted in combination with other channels
Theodor Storm's novelle ''Carsten Curator': An evaluation of the terms "Befreiungsdichtung" and "das Peinliche".
No full textThis thesis undertakes an analysis of two interrelated aspects of Theodor Storm's later prose writing. The Novelle Carsten Curator (1877) has been selected since this work constitutes the most significant example of both "Befreiungsdichtung" and "das Peinliche". A definition of "Befreiungsdichtung" - the artistic projection of personal experience as an act of 'self-liberation' - and the way this is revealed in a series of earlier works is the subject of the first chapter. The following three chapters offer a study of the genesis of Carsten Curator and show by an investigation into Storm's relationship with his eldest son (Chapter 2) the extent of the autobiographical content in the Novelle (Chapter 4) and Storm's awareness of its 'confessional' nature while writing it (Chapter 3). The second part of the thesis concerns itself with artistic problems which thereby arose for Storm. The creative process conditioned Storm's treatment of the thematic complex of heredity, alcoholism and paternal responsibility in Carsten Curator and brought with it a degree of realism which the author and his more sensitive critics found 'unpoetic' and thus 'offensive' (Chapter 5). This constitutes "das Peinliche", which Storm believed detracted from the 'tragic' nature of the central conflict. The following two chapters assess Carsten Curator in the light of Storm's theoretical definitions of "das Tragische" and draw the conclusion that the Novelle is a prime example of his mature tragic art. Chapter 8 discusses the implications of "das Peinliche" for a study of Storm's later Novellen (1877 - 1888), including the development of his realism, the effects of literary censorship on his later treatment of the central themes of Carsten Curator and his knowledge of Naturalist literature, showing the absence of any direct influence where these themes are concerned. The thesis concludes that Storm's continuing preoccupation with the themes of Carsten Curator after 1877 can be attributed only to their 'confessional' nature
Corrigendum: Towards an understanding of global brain data governance: ethical positions that underpin global brain data governance discourse
No full textIn the published article, there was an error in the author list arrangement, the corrected author list appears below. Paschal Ochang1*, Damian Eke1 and Bernd Carsten Stahl1,2 The authors apologize for this error and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The original article has been updated
Naturalizing institutions: Evolutionary principles and application on the case of money
No full textIn recent extensions of the Darwinian paradigm into economics, the replicator-interactor duality looms large. I propose a strictly naturalistic approach to this duality in the context of the theory of institutions, which means that its use is seen as being always and necessarily dependent on identifying a physical realization. I introduce a general framework for the analysis of institutions, which synthesizes Searle's and Aoki's theories, especially with regard to the role of public representations (signs) in the coordination of actions, and the function of cognitive processes that underly rule-following as a behavioral disposition. This allows to conceive institutions as causal circuits that connect the population-level dynamics of interactions with cognitive phenomena on the individual level. Those cognitive phenomena ultimately root in neuronal structures. So, I draw on a critical restatement of the concept of the meme by Aunger to propose a new conceptualization of the replicator in the context of institutions, namely, the replicator is a causal conjunction between signs and neuronal structures which undergirds the dispositions that generate rule-following actions. Signs, in turn, are outcomes of population-level interactions. I apply this framework on the case of money, analyzing the emotions that go along with the use of money, and presenting a stylized account of the emergence of money in terms of the naturalized Searle-Aoki model. In this view, money is a neuronally anchored metaphor for emotions relating with social exchange and reciprocity. Money as a meme is physically realized in a replicator which is a causal conjunction of money artefacts and money emotions. --Generalized Darwinism,institutions,replicator/interactor,Searle,Aoki,naturalism,memes,emotions,money
A Conversation with Carsten Wergin, Author of Tourism, Indigeneity, and the Importance of Place
No full textIn this edition of Lexington Books\u27 Anthropology of Tourism: Heritage, Mobility and Society Author Conversation webinar, series editor Michael A. Di Giovine talks to Carsten Wergin about his book, Tourism, Indigeneity and the Importance of Place: Fighting for Heritage at Australia\u27s Last Frontier. A vivid, sophisticated ethnography, Wergin\u27s book analyzes what is one of the largest environmental protest actions in Australian history: the Walmadany/James Price Point conflict. The discussion ranges from Indigenous Heritage and Indigenous Tourism, to the ways in which heritage preservation and resource extraction are both opposed to each other, but, in many ways, coexist in a transecological sense. They discuss the Lurujarri Heritage Trail and the ways in which Indigenous culture and Indigenous learning is cultivated among foreign and domestic tourists, and how such indigenous tourism initiatives can work to destabilize outside forces, as well as create avenues for collaboration and mutual understanding. A lively Q and A with critical heritage studies students from West Chester University addresses ethnographic methods and ethics, the future of these environmental protests, and the relevance of transecological and indigenous conceptions of heritage on current-day conflicts in which various groups around the world produce differing heritage claims on contested land
Making sense of institutional change in China: The cultural dimension of economic growth and modernization
No full textBuilding on a new model of institutions proposed by Aoki and the systemic approach to economic civilizations outlined by Kuran, this paper attempts an analysis of the cultural foundations of recent Chinese economic development. I argue that the cultural impact needs to be conceived as a creative process that involves linguistic entities and other public social items in order to provide integrative meaning to economic interactions and identities to different agents involved. I focus on three phenomena that stand at the center of economic culture in China, networks, localism and modernism. I eschew the standard dualism of individualism vs. collectivism in favour of a more detailed view on the self in social relationships. The Chinese pattern of social relations, guanxi, is also a constituent of localism, i.e. a peculiar arrangement and resulting dynamics of central-local interactions in governing the economy. Localism is balanced by culturalist controls of the center, which in contemporary China builds on the worldview of modernism. Thus, economic modernization is a cultural phenomenon on its own sake. I summarize these interactions in a process analysis based on Aoki's framework. --Aoki,culture and the economy,emics/etics,guanxi,relational collectivism,central/local government relations,culturalism,population quality,consumerism
Who determines biodiversity? An analysis of actors' power and interests in community forestry in Namibia
No full textRecent and ongoing research has begun to question the efficacy of community forestry programs. In particular, analysis seems to reveal that devolution of power to the local resource user does not happen. Nevertheless, it also appears that community forestry programs do deliver some of their promises. Especially, the biodiversity of the resources involved is often improved. But who determines this, if not the local resource user? This article seeks to answer this by analyzing the biodiversity of 14 community forests in Namibia. The authors apply their power theory and methodology to identify the powerful, actors and these actors' interests. Finally, the author relates his findings to the real outcomes for biodiversity. The article concludes that biodiversity is only in the interest of a few powerful actors who have used their power to achieve a positive outcome for biodiversity. Therefore, the article argues that biodiversity in community forestry depends on the interests of powerful actors. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.German Research Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft/DFG
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