1,720,988 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
The use of bacteriophages as natural biocontrol agents against bacterial pathogens
Full text linkBacteriophages are viruses that specifically infect bacteria. The bactericidal nature
of lytic bacteriophages has been exploited by scientists for decades with the hope to utilise
them in the fight against bacterial infections and antibiotic resistant bacteria in medical
settings. More recently, the potential applications of bacteriophages for biocontrol in the
agrifood and environmental sectors have been investigated in an attempt to develop
‘natural’ antimicrobial products. Bacteriophages have a couple of decisive advantages
over conventional methods of controlling pathogenic bacteria, such as high host
specificity, the ability to self-replicate, and the ability to evolve with their hosts. However,
more research is needed to optimise the parameters for phage applications, including the
impact of environmental conditions on lysis efficiency, multiplicity of infection, and to
significantly minimise the emergence of bacterial resistance to phages.
Temperature plays a key role in every biological activity in nature. It is also
assumed that temperature has an effect on phage lysis efficiency. A comprehensive study
of it and how it affects both the host cells and their corresponding phages is crucial to
ensure the efficient removal of bacterial pathogens. In this thesis, temperature (as selected parameter) was investigated to determine its influence on the lysis effectiveness
of the three different phages belonging to the family of the Myoviridea that were isolated
and purified from a single water sample taken from a brook receiving treated wastewater.
We used the multiplicity of infection of 1 in all of our study in this project. Temperature
was found to have a significant impact on phage-mediated lysis efficiency. Both the
temperature of incubation of the phage-bacteria mixture (incubation temperature) and the
temperature history of bacterial hosts were found to have profound effects on plaque sizes
as well as plaque numbers. Plaque size and number decreased with increasing temperature. For the phages examined, bacterial lysis was more efficient at 20°C
compared to 30 or 37°C. Phages were suggested to be well adapted to the environment
where they were isolated from with general implications for use in biological disinfection.
Furthermore, the temperature history of the bacteria (prior to phage encounter) was found
to have a modulating effect on their susceptibility to lysis.
A second part of this study compared the performance of the three phages in
regard to bacterial resistance. The emergence of bacterial resistance is a major obstacle
to the success of bacteriophages applications. The use of multiple phages is typically
recommended and has proven better than the use of a single phage. However, the bestway
to perform phage treatment is still very unclear. This study therefore compared
simultaneous addition of multiple phages (in form of a cocktail) with the sequential
addition of the individual phages at different time points in trying to delay the emergence
of bacterial resistance. The data obtained from this work suggest that lysis effectiveness
can be adjusted to optimize any treatment goal. For fast initial bacterial clearance the use
of a single phage with short time maximal lysis efficiency proved most efficient, while
the simultaneous addition of phages in the form of a cocktail was most successful strategy
in our study. Addition of selected phages sequentially can be normalized in such a way
that is just as effective as a cocktail.
A third part of this thesis looked into the susceptibility of bacteria that had
undergone sublethal disinfection. We addressed the question whether bacteria subjected
to sublethal doses of chlorine and UV are still susceptible to phage-mediated lysis. The
chlorine treatments indicated the development of a phage-insensitive phenotype for a
critical chlorine dose in the transition zone between live and dead. The remaining live
(and culturable) bacteria were shown insensitive to the selected phage. The lowest UV exposure at 2.8 mJ/cm2 eliminated bacteria susceptibility to the phages. This phage-
resistant phenotype may have serious consequences for the application of phages on foods
or water that have previously undergone a weak disinfection regime
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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