328 research outputs found
ANALYSIS OF HYPERBOLE MAJAS IN THE LYRICS OF THE SONG LEMON BY KENSHI YONEZU AND NEKO BY TAKUMI KITAMURA
No full textMusic is a beautiful tone and voice that contains rhythm, song, and the harmony of sound. In every song, there must be a figurative language. Majas (figurative language) is a medium in language that is useful in the process of delivering messages or presenting a certain idea. One of the figurative language types is hyperbole. Hyperbole is a figurative language which is an exaggerated expression. After being researched, the author found many hyperbole in various forms. This study used the theory by Sato to analyze hyperbole figurative language. The source of the data in this study is a Japanese song, namely Lemon by Kenzi Yonezu and Neko by Takumi Kitamura. The method of data collection used in this study is the observational method using a note-taking technique. Whereas the analysis used the referential method with the PUP technique (Teknik Pilah Unsur Penentu). Based on the results of the analysis of the hyperbole found in the song Lemon by Kenzi Yonezu and Neko by Takumi Kitamura, it can be concluded that there are 57 data of hyperbole, including in Lemon by Kenzi Yonezu with 27 data of hyperbole figurative language were found, and in Neko by Takumi Kitamura with 30 data of hyperbole figurative language were found. In this study, the hyperbole which is widely used in songs Lemon and Neko is the hyperbole that is related to feelings with 21 data found
Du texte à l'œuvre : L'édition commentée du Livre-oreiller de Sei Shônagon par Kitamura Kigin (1674)
No full textThis research is about The Spring Dawn Commentary, a commentary edition of The Pillow Book (Makura no sôshi 枕草子 ; c. 1000), written by Kitamura Kigin 北村季吟 in 1674.The Pillow Book is both atypical and heterogeneous. Atypical in that it is not readily comparable to other texts of the same era. Being heterogeneous, it evades attempts to characterize in one single definition all what it is composed of. The life of the author, known as “Sei Shônagon” 清少納言, remains obscure, and ancient manuscripts are extremely diverse in the text they present. The purpose of this study is to observe the course by which The Pillow Book has changed from “text” to “ literary work”. That is, how what was plural, inconstant and uncertain in its meaning became one, constant, meaningful and thus suitable for interpretation. The argument of this research is that The Spring Dawn Commentary played a major role in this process.17th century in Japan was characterized by a rapid development in book printing technology and the book trade, thus enabling the spread of knowledge. In this context, the poet Kitamura Kigin was one of the most respected commentators of ancient literature.Cette thèse porte sur une édition commentée du Livre-oreiller (Makura no sôshi枕草子 ; c. 1000), réalisée par Kitamura Kigin 北村季吟 en 1674 et intitulée Commentaire de l’aurore au printemps (Shunshoshô 春曙抄). Le Livre-oreiller est atypique et hétérogène. Atypique, il ne ressemble à aucune autre œuvre japonaise de la même époque. Hétérogène, il est difficile d’enfermer la diversité de ce qui le compose dans une définition unique, ou de caractériser ce qui pourrait assurer sa cohérence. La biographie de son auteur, désignée par le surnom de « Sei Shônagon » 清少納言, est incertaine. Enfin, les différents manuscrits présentent entre eux des différences profondes.L’objectif de ce travail est de reconstituer la trajectoire qu’a suivie Le Livre-oreiller pour passer du texte — objet écrit se manifestant comme multiple, instable, indéterminé, non interprété — à l’œuvre — entité unique, stable, signifiante et interprétable. Notre postulat est que le Commentaire de l’aurore au printemps constitue un moment décisif dans cette évolution. Le poète Kitamura Kigin, auteur de cette édition commentée, fut un influent commentateur de textes anciens, à une époque caractérisée par le développement du livre imprimé et la démocratisation de l’accès à la connaissance lettrée. Notre travail se situe à la croisée de l’étude littéraire, des études de la réception, et de l’histoire matérielle du livre
Cirsium nishiokae Kitamura 1968
No full text2. Cirsium nishiokae Kitamura (1968: 75). Fig. 8. Type: — INDIA. Darjeeling, below Tonglu, 2900 m, 16 September 1964, H. Hara s.n. (holotype: TI00080535!). Fig. 5 A–C. = Cirsium chrysolepis Shih (1984: 451), syn. nov. Type: — CHINA. Tibet, Nyalam County, alt. 3500 m, 27 August 1972, Xizang Exped. Pl. Med. 1575 (holotype: PE00455486!, isotype: PE00455488!). Figs. 5 E–F, 6 A. Description: —Herbs 1–2 m tall, perennial. Stem erect, ribbed, branched above, unwinged, glabrous or sparsely cobwebby. Basal leaves with winged petiole, wing spiny or with spiny teeth; leaf blade elliptic, ca. 30 × 15 cm, pinnatipartite or pinnatisect; segments ca. 6 pairs, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, with unequal triangular teeth fringed with 0.3–1 cm spine. Cauline leaves gradually decreasing upwards, sessile, semiamplexicaul, elliptic to lanceolate, pinnatilobate or pinnatipartite; segments 3–4 pairs, lanceolate to obliquely triangular-ovate, with 2–4 unequal triangular teeth fringed with spinules less than 0.5 mm and with a 5–10 mm apical spine. All leaves discolorous, abaxially grayish white and densely or sparsely tomenta, adaxially green, rough, and densely or sparsely covered with ca. 0.5 mm spinules. Capitula corymbose, erect. Involucre campanulate, 3–3.5 cm in diam., glabrous. Phyllaries imbricate, in ca. 8 rows, straight, appressed; outer and middle phyllaries elliptic to lanceolate, 8–25 × 2–3 mm, margin above base expanded into yellowish, scarious lacerate wings, apex narrowed into a spine, shorter than inner ones; inner phyllaries lanceolate to linear, apically expanded into a short and narrow, acuminate, and spine-tipped appendage. Florets bisexual. Corolla purplish red. Achene ca. 4.5 mm. Pappus bristles yellowish, ca. 1.6 mm. Phenology: —Flowering from July to October. Distribution and habitat: — Cirsium nishiokae is distributed in China (Tibet), India (Darjeeling) and Nepal. It mainly grows on grass slopes at elevations of 2500–3900 m above sea level. Additional specimens examined:— CHINA. Tibet: Nyalam, 25 June 1966, Y. T . Zhang s.n. (PE00455487); Nyalam, 17 Sep. 1992, J . D. Chen 92242 (PE01837380); Nyalam, alt. 3285 m, 18 Nov. 2011, Y. S . Chen 92242 (PE02118071); Nyalam, alt. 3300 m, 20 Aug. 2001, H. N . Tan et al. 730 (PE01772078, PE01772077).— NEPAL. Dhawalagiri Zone, Mustang District, Annapurna Himal, Mardi Khola, alt. 13000 ft, 19 Sep. 1954, J .D.A. Stainton, W.R. Sykes & L.H.J. Williams 8509 (BM011033556, E00463841); Dhawalagiri Zone, Mustang District, Tukucha, alt. 10500 ft, 26 Aug. 1954, J .D.A. Stainton, W.R. Sykes & L.H.J. Williams 7457 (BM011033572, E00463842); Dhawalagiri Zone, Mustang District, Tukucha, alt. 10500 ft, 12 Sep. 1954, J .D.A. Stainton, W.R. Sykes & L.H.J. Williams 7803 (BM011033571, E00463843); Dhawalagiri Zone, Mustang District, Tukucha, alt. 10500 ft, 22 Aug. 1954, J . D. A. Stainton, W.R. Sykes & L.H.J. Williams 7395 (BM011033579, BM011033573); Dhawalagiri Zone, Myagdi District, alt. 3700 m, 9 Sep. 1996, M . Mikage et al. 9684133 (KATH027754); Dhawalagiri Zone, Myagdi District, alt. 3160 m, 18 Sep. 1996, M . Mikage et al. 9682802 (KATH019466); Koshi Zone, Solukhumbu District, Lukla, alt. 2820 m, 30 Sep. 1974, J. H . Hass 2902 (L0207731); Mechi Zone, Taplejung District, alt. 2800 m, 25 Oct. 1991, D. G . Long et al. 1033 (KATH027504, E00463839); Mechi Zone, Taplejung District, Minchin Dhap-Mul Pokhari, 29 Oct. 1963, H . Hara et al. 6310299 (BM011033557, E0071931, TI00080532, TI00080533, TI00080534, BM, TI); Rapti Zone, Rukum District, Dogadi Khola, alt. 12000 ft, 8 Aug. 1954, J .D.A. Stainton, W.R. Sykes & L.H.J. Williams 3796 (BM011033554, BM011033558, E00463840); Sagarmatha Zone, Solukhumbu District, alt. 3453 m, 15 Sep. 2005, M. F . Watson et al. DNEP3 BX92 (KATH056019, KATH011396, E00248957); Sagarmatha Zone, Solukhumbu District, alt. 3000 m, 21 Aug. 1985, H . Ohba et al. 61541 (KATH018970); Seti Zone, Baglung District, Dhorpatan, alt. 2800 m, 8 Sep. 1982, K. R . Rajbhandari & K.J. Malla 6413 (KATH055988, KATH055978, KATH056184). Notes: — Cirsium chrysolepis Shih was described on the basis of one collection, Xizang Exped. Pl. Med. 1575 (PE, Fig. 5 D, Fig. 6 A), from Nyalam, Tibet, China. In the protologue, the author did not compare it with any species, but in Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae, Shih (1987) stated that it was close to C. flavisquamatum Kitamura (1974: 16), a species from Nepal, but differed by leaves discolorous, abaxially grayish white and densely or sparsely tomentose. But he neglected C. nishiokae Kitamura, a widespread species in Nepal and India. Cirsium nishiokae was described on the basis of one collection, H. Hara s.n. (TI, Fig. 6 A), from Darjeeling, India. Trough examination of the type materials and other specimens, we found that C. nishiokae and C. chrysolepis have no obvious differences in main traits between their type specimens, but there are some differences in the density of spinules on the abaxial leaf surface. But this feature is very variable in Cirsium. For example, there is a continuous variation from sparse to dense on the abaxial leaf surface of C. lipskyi. Cirsium nishiokae is distributed in Nepal and India at altitudes of 2500–3900 m, while C. chrysolepis is only found in Nyalam, Tibet, China at an altitude of 3500 m, where it is very close to the border to Nepal (Fig. 7). Therefore, we think they belong to the same species and treat C. chrysolepis as a synonym of C. nishiokae.Published as part of Jin, Zi-Chao & Chen, You-Sheng, 2022, Cirsium lipskyi (Asteraceae) is reinstated for C. interpositum, and C. chrysolepis is a new synonym of C. nishiokae, pp. 87-96 in Phytotaxa 547 (1) on pages 94-96, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.547.1.8, http://zenodo.org/record/655693
Perinatal bonding disorders: causes and consequences/ edited by Toshinori Kitamura and Yukiko Ohashi.
No full textIncludes bibliographical references.This unique book explores the details of bonding disorder: the psychopathology of parental attitudes towards forming a relation between the baby and parents. The difficulties in perinatal bonding are one of the most important but unduly neglected issues in the perinatal mental health field. This book introduces the latest knowledge based on unique empirical investigations.As a compilation of papers by Japanese clinical researchers, this book includes conceptual analysis, causes, adverse consequences, and interventions. Each author introduces his or her own original work in addition to ample re.1 online resourc
From text to literary work : The commentary edition by Kitamura Kigin of Sei Shônagon's ’Pillow Book’ (1674)
No full textCette thèse porte sur une édition commentée du Livre-oreiller (Makura no sôshi枕草子 ; c. 1000), réalisée par Kitamura Kigin 北村季吟 en 1674 et intitulée Commentaire de l’aurore au printemps (Shunshoshô 春曙抄). Le Livre-oreiller est atypique et hétérogène. Atypique, il ne ressemble à aucune autre œuvre japonaise de la même époque. Hétérogène, il est difficile d’enfermer la diversité de ce qui le compose dans une définition unique, ou de caractériser ce qui pourrait assurer sa cohérence. La biographie de son auteur, désignée par le surnom de « Sei Shônagon » 清少納言, est incertaine. Enfin, les différents manuscrits présentent entre eux des différences profondes.L’objectif de ce travail est de reconstituer la trajectoire qu’a suivie Le Livre-oreiller pour passer du texte — objet écrit se manifestant comme multiple, instable, indéterminé, non interprété — à l’œuvre — entité unique, stable, signifiante et interprétable. Notre postulat est que le Commentaire de l’aurore au printemps constitue un moment décisif dans cette évolution. Le poète Kitamura Kigin, auteur de cette édition commentée, fut un influent commentateur de textes anciens, à une époque caractérisée par le développement du livre imprimé et la démocratisation de l’accès à la connaissance lettrée. Notre travail se situe à la croisée de l’étude littéraire, des études de la réception, et de l’histoire matérielle du livre.This research is about The Spring Dawn Commentary, a commentary edition of The Pillow Book (Makura no sôshi 枕草子 ; c. 1000), written by Kitamura Kigin 北村季吟 in 1674.The Pillow Book is both atypical and heterogeneous. Atypical in that it is not readily comparable to other texts of the same era. Being heterogeneous, it evades attempts to characterize in one single definition all what it is composed of. The life of the author, known as “Sei Shônagon” 清少納言, remains obscure, and ancient manuscripts are extremely diverse in the text they present. The purpose of this study is to observe the course by which The Pillow Book has changed from “text” to “ literary work”. That is, how what was plural, inconstant and uncertain in its meaning became one, constant, meaningful and thus suitable for interpretation. The argument of this research is that The Spring Dawn Commentary played a major role in this process.17th century in Japan was characterized by a rapid development in book printing technology and the book trade, thus enabling the spread of knowledge. In this context, the poet Kitamura Kigin was one of the most respected commentators of ancient literature
Anatomic Double-Bundle Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
No full textSeveral double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction procedures were reported in the 1980s and 1990s. However, no significant differences were found in the clinical results between these double-bundle procedures and single-bundle procedures because the double-bundle procedures appeared to reconstruct only the anteromedial bundle with two bundles. In the early 2000s, the authors proposed a new concept of anatomic reconstruction of the anteromedial and posterolateral bundles, in which 4 independent tunnels were created through the center of each anatomic attachment of the 2 bundles. We named it "anatomic" double-bundle ACL reconstruction. Biomechanical studies have shown that the anatomic double-bundle ACL reconstruction can restore knee stability significantly closer to the normal level than the conventional single-bundle reconstruction. Recent intraoperative measurement studies have showed that the clinically available anatomic double-bundle procedures can reconstruct knee stability significantly better and improve knee function close to the normal level at the time immediately after surgery than the conventional single-bundle procedures. However, the greatest criticism of the anatomic double-bundle reconstruction is whether the clinical results of anatomic double-bundle reconstruction are better than the results of single-bundle reconstruction. Currently, 10 prospective comparative clinical trials (Level I or II) and 1 meta-analysis have been reported to date (January, 2010) that compare single-bundle and anatomic double-bundle reconstructions using hamstring tendons. In 8 of the 10 studies, the anterior and/or rotatory stability of the knee was significantly better in the anatomic double-bundle ACL reconstruction than the conventional single-bundle reconstruction. However, 1 original trial and the meta-analysis found that there were no differences in the results between the 2 types of reconstructions. Thus, the utility of the anatomic double-bundle reconstruction has not yet been established. Our systematic review shows how much evidence exists as to the benefits of double-bundle ACL reconstruction at the present time
Gender-Based Differences in Outcome After Anatomic Double-Bundle Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction With Hamstring Tendon Autografts
No full textBackground: Although previous studies suggested that female patients are predisposed to increase graft laxity compared with male patients after single-bundle anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction using autogenous hamstring tendons, there have been no studies specifically examining gender-based differences in outcome after anatomic double-bundle ACL reconstruction with hamstring tendon autografts. Hypotheses: 1) Female patients would have significantly smaller hamstring graft diameters than did men for anatomical double-bundle ACL reconstruction surgery; 2) Female patients would have increased graft laxity compared with male patients after anatomical double-bundle ACL reconstruction using autogenous hamstring tendons. Study Design: Cohort study. Methods: The consecutive 174 patients who underwent anatomic double-bundle ACL reconstruction using autogenous hamstring tendons were enrolled. Of these subjects, 49 women and 73 men were prospectively evaluated 2 years after surgery. Results: The diameters for anteromedial and posterolateral grafts in the female group were significantly smaller than those in the male group. On Lachman testing, 98% of the female group and 97% of the male group were rated as negative. Regarding the pivot-shift test, 80% of the female group and 85% of the male group were rated as negative. No significant differences were found between the female and male groups in these tests. The average side-to-side differences in the KT-2000 knee ligament arthrometer values were 1.3 mm in the female group and 1.4 mm in the male group; this difference between females and males was not statistically significant. The average Lysholm scores were 96.7 points in the female group and 97.2 points in the male group. 73% of the female group and 74% of the male group were graded as normal on the IKDC evaluation. There were no significant differences in Lysholm score or IKDC evaluation between the female and male groups. Conclusion: The results of assessment for ligament laxity at the 2-year postoperative evaluation in the female group were approximately identical to those of the male group after anatomical double-bundle ACL reconstruction using autogenous hamstring tendons. Therefore, the present study suggests that anatomical double-bundle ACL reconstruction using autogenous hamstring tendons provides satisfactory knee stability to female patients as well as male patients
A Pilot Study of Anatomic Double-Bundle Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction With Ligament Remnant Tissue Preservation
No full textPurpose: The purpose of this pilot study is to clarify the preliminary results of an anatomic double-bundle ACL reconstruction procedure with ligament remnant tissues. Methods: Using the trans-tibial technique, 2 doubled semitendinosus tendons were grafted into 4 tunnels created at the center of each bundle attachment, penetrating the ACL remnant tissue. Forty-four patients (27 men and 17 women) with an isolated ACL injury underwent ACL reconstruction using this procedure. The mean age of subjects was 29 years (range: 17-58). Postoperative clinical evaluations were performed at 16.6 months on average (range: 12-23). Radiologic evaluations were also performed to evaluate the tunnel location in the femur and the tibia. Results: The average operation time was 86 minutes (range: 72-96) in the cases with ACL reconstruction only. Postoperatively, the mean anterior laxity was 0.7 mm. The postoperative pivot-shift test was negative in 81.8% of the patients, while there were no patients evaluated as ++. No patients showed any extension or flexion deficit. There were no patients evaluated as "nearly abnormal" or "abnormal" under the IKDC evaluation. The tunnel angles of the 4 tunnels were identical to those reported in the previous study. Conclusions: The minimal 1-year clinical results of anatomic double-bundle ACL reconstruction with ligament remnant tissue preservation were comparable to the previously reported results of the anatomic double-bundle reconstruction without remnant tissue preservation. Level of Evidence: Level IV, Prospective case series
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