3,423 research outputs found
Country and gender differences in the association between violence and cigarette smoking among youth
No full textBackground: Exposure to violence in youth may be associated with substance use and other adverse health effects. This study examined cigarette smoking in two middle-income areas with different levels and types of exposure to violence. Methods: Association of exposure to verbal and physical violence with cigarette smoking in the West Bank oPt (2008) and in Jujuy Argentina (2006) was examined using cross-sectional surveys of 14 to 17-year old youth in 7th to 10th grade using probabilistic sampling. Results: Violence exposure rates were more than double for Palestinian girls (99.6% vs. 41.2%) and boys (98.7% vs. 41.1%) compared with Argentinians. The rate of current cigarette smoking was significantly higher among Argentinian girls compared with Palestinian girls (33.1% vs. 7.1%, p < 0.001). Exposure to verbal violence from family and to physical violence increased the odds of current cigarette smoking, respectively, among Argentinian girls (aOR = 1.3, 95% CI = 1.0–1.7; aOR = 2.5, 95%CI = 1.7–3.8), Palestinian girls (aOR 2.2, 95%CI = 1.1–2.4; aOR = 2.0, 95%CI = 1.1–3.6) and Argentinian boys (aOR = 1.5, 95%CI = 1.1–2.0; aOR = 2.2, 95%CI = 1.6–3.0), but not among Palestinian boys. Conclusion: Findings highlight the importance of producing context and gender specific evidence from exposure to violence, to inform and increase the impact of targeted smoking prevention strategies.Fil: Abu Rmeileh, Niveen M. E.. Birzeit University; Palestina (ANP)Fil: Alderete, Ethel del Carmen. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Unidad Ejecutora en Ciencias Sociales Regionales y Humanidades. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Unidad Ejecutora en Ciencias Sociales Regionales y Humanidades; Argentina. Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Regional; ArgentinaFil: Husseini, Abdullatif. Birzeit University; Palestina (ANP)Fil: Livaudais Toman, Jennifer. University of California; Estados UnidosFil: Pérez Stable, Eliseo J.. National Institutes of Health; Estados Unido
Arabic Cultural Program - Conversation with the author Hamdi Abu Golayyel
No full textThe Department of Arab & Islamic Civilization\u27s Arabic Cultural Program kicks off the year with an evening conversation with the author Hamdi Abu Golayyel on Saturday, November 12, 2016 at 6:00 pm in the Oriental Hall, Tahrir Campus. Abu Golayyel will discuss his collection Cairo\u27s Streets and Stories and will entertain questions from the audience
Measurement and prevalence of adult physical activity levels in Arab countries
No full textPhysical activity (PA) has a profound effect on health. The World Health Organization (WHO) has determined that physical inactivity is the fourth leading global risk for mortality, responsible for raising the risk of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and affecting countries across all income groups.1 It is estimated that worldwide physical inactivity causes 6% of the burden of disease from coronary heart disease, 7% of type 2 diabetes, 10% of breast cancer and 10% of colon cancer.2
While globally more than one-third of adults are estimated to not accumulate sufficient PA to meet public health guidelines,3 there are large differences between regions. The highest prevalence of inactivity is seen in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (43.2%) and the Americas (43.3%).3 The aforementioned burden of NCDs associated with physical inactivity in the Eastern Mediterranean Region is 8% of coronary heart diseases, 10% of type 2 diabetes, 14% of breast cancer and 14% of colon cancer.2 However, life expectancy in the region has increased from 51 years of age in 1970 to almost 70 years in 2016; the rapid rise in NCDs has been described as alarming.4 The Arab world and Greater Middle Eastern region are forecasted to experience a further rise in preventable deaths due to NCDs if no serious action is taken.5
Promoting PA will form a key role in preventing and treating NCDs,6 and this requires an understanding of the challenges associated with this task across regions. The WHO has set a target of a 15% relative reduction in the global prevalence of physical inactivity in adults and adolescents by 2030.6 This is supported by an earlier call to action by the WHO Regional Office for the Easter Mediterranean.7 Alongside commonly cited barriers to PA globally, specific issues experienced by those living in Arab countries have been identified. Physical obstacles (e.g., hot weather, unfriendly built environment) and low value placed on PA (e.g., car culture, physical exertion associated with lower status occupations, parental preferences) translate into low interest and motivation to engage in PA.8 That said, socially and culturally congruent interventions to promote PA in Arab countries are increasing.9 A thorough grasp of current levels of PA and ongoing monitoring and surveillance is essential if gains in population-level PA are to be realised. The aforementioned global action plan encourages countries to strengthen reporting of physical inactivity.6
Recent years have seen a rise in the number of studies examining the prevalence of PA in Arab countries across the Middle East and North Africa. A synthesis of studies across countries and an evaluation of the instruments used to attain prevalence estimates are warranted. Thus, the present systematic review sought to (1) examine the reported prevalence of sufficient PA among adults in Arab countries and (2) determine the use of validated instruments for assessing PA.The research project was conceptualised during research visits funded by an Erasmus + International Credit Mobility grant to Mary Immaculate College, Ireland.Ye
Becoming Citizens in an Era of Globalization and Transnational Migration: Re-imagining Citizenship as Critical Practice
No full textThis article examines how the perspectives and experiences of Arab American youth from immigrant communities can help educators think about what it means to teach young people to become active participants in the social, civic, and political spheres within and across the boundaries of nation-states. Arab American youths' perspectives are reflective of the transnational nature of their life experiences, as well as the unfortunate ways they have been positioned as enemy-outsiders to the United States in the aftermath of September 11, 2001. Listening closely to the experiences and perspectives of these young people yields concrete implications for designing citizenship education that reflects the changing nature of belonging and citizenship. This article proposes that we stop thinking about citizenship primarily in relation to national identifications and begin to see it as a set of critical practices—practices that give young people the tools to work for social change within and across the boundaries of nation-states.This is an electronic version of an article published in Abu El-Haj,T. R., Becoming Citizens in an Era of Globalization and Transnational Migration: Re-imagining Citizenship as Critical Practice. Theory Into Practice. 48(4):274-282, 2009. Theory into Practice is available online at: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00405840903192714. This is a post-print copy of the published article.This research was largely funded by a National Academy of Education/Spencer Foundation Postdoctoral Fellowship. This research has also been supported by a Rutgers University Research Council Grant
Preventing Chronic Disease (PCD)
No full textIntroductionThe West Bank in the Palestinian Territories is undergoing an epidemiologic transition. We provide a general description of mortality from all causes, focusing on chronic disease mortality in adults.MethodsMortality data analyzed for our study were obtained from the Palestinian Ministry of Health in the West Bank for 1999 through 2003. Individual information was obtained from death notification forms.ResultsA total of 27,065 deaths were reported for 1999 through 2003 in the West Bank, Palestinian Territories. Circulatory diseases were the main cause of death (45%), followed by cancer (10%) and unintentional injuries (7%). Among men, the highest age-standardized mortality rates (ASMRs) were due to diseases of the circulatory system, cancer, and unintentional injuries. Among women, the highest ASMRs were due to circulatory disease, cancer, and diabetes mellitus. Of the circulatory diseases, the highest ASMRs for men were due to acute myocardial infarction and cerebrovascular disease. ASMRs attributable to circulatory system diseases were similar for women. Lung cancer was the largest cause of cancer mortality for men; breast cancer was the largest cause for women.ConclusionBecause of the high mortality rates, the risk factors associated with chronic diseases in the Palestinian Territories must be ascertained. Medical and public health policies and interventions need to be reassessed, giving due attention to this rise in modern-day diseases in this area
Streets and Stories: a conversation with Hamdi Abu Golayyel
No full textThe Department of Arab and Islamic Civilization\u27s Arabic Cultural Program kicked off the year with an evening conversation with the author Hamdi Abu Golayyel, on Saturday, November 12, 2016 at 6 pm in Oriental Hall at AUC Tahrir Square. Abu Golayyel discussed his collection, Cairo\u27s Streets and Stories, and entertained questions from the audience
Familial and non-familial factors associated with obesity
No full textEThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo
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