1,720,956 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Toward a framework for alleviating technostress: The role of affect state
No full textThe objective of this dissertation proposal is to design a general framework for interventions aimed at alleviating the impact of technostress, that is, stress occurring when individuals use information technology (IT) devices. Initially noted as a modern disease of adaptation due to the inability of individuals to cope with IT, technostress is increasing in scope and becoming a serious health concern. IT use has generally enhanced individual and workplace productivity but is creating high levels of technostress among individuals, reducing their task performance, and leading to long-term health consequences. High levels of stress directly impact a person’s health and is a demonstrated risk factor for anxiety, depression, and cardiovascular diseases, as well as for diabetes and obesity, because stressed people crave for food high in sugar and fat.
Researchers have recognized technostress, alerted us to its detrimental effects on health, identified specific stressors, such as interruptions through pop-ups, but research has not fully addressed methods that can be enacted by individuals to alleviate technostress. Furthermore, affect, although mentioned as an important factor in stress, has not been investigated as regard to technostress. Using the findings on the interplay between affect and stress in the neurophysiology literature, our study addressed this gap by investigating the role played by individuals’ affect state in shaping their response to a stimulus. Hence, we propose a framework that integrates the biological underpinnings and the psychological processes of stress and set affect as an important construct in this framework. We posit that the user’s affect can be leveraged to minimize the negative effects of episodic stressors during their interactions with technology. In this proposal, affect is defined as a neurophysiological state resulting from the evaluation by individuals of a specific stimulus to which they are exposed, and we focus on stimuli occurring during an individual’s interaction with technological devices. A stimulus evaluated as bad will result in a negative affect state, while a stimulus assessed as good will result in a positive affect state. Feeling is the conscious experiencing of an affect state.
Affect state can impact the individual’s attention scope, cognitive flexibility, and appraisal of stimuli that arise from their environment. Based on the neurophysiological underpinnings of stress, we posit that an individual’s affect state is a moderator of the relationship between exposure to a stimulus and the appraisal processes of that stimulus. More specifically, users in a positive affect state are less likely to assess a stimulus as distressful compared to their counterparts in a neutral or negative affect state (primary appraisal). Moreover, if the stimulus is appraised to be a distressful stimulus, users in a positive affect state are more likely to appraise the distress as controllable (secondary appraisal) and adopt a more effective coping strategy compared to their counterparts in a neutral or a negative affect state. Proceeding from these observations, we present a framework that emphasizes the roles played by affect state, appraisal, and coping strategies in the stress process, and how affect influences both appraisal and coping to shape an individual’s response to a stimulus.
To test our hypotheses, we conducted an online randomized controlled experiment with individuals at least 18 years old recruited from a university campus. During the experimental session, we induced specific affect states in the participants at the beginning of the session, and then ask them to perform a cognitive task on a computer while they are being exposed to frequent pop-up messages, which are identified in prior IS research as stimuli that could create technostress. There were three experimental groups reflecting three different induced affect states (positive; negative; or neutral). These affect states were induced by asking the participants to look at pictures selected the from the Nencki Affective Picture System (NAPS; Marchewka et al. 2014) that have been demonstrated to induce different affect states.
Technostress being a biopsychological response, we used a combination of perceptual and physiological measures to record the participants’ response to the experimental stimuli. The perceptual measures included questionnaires of affect, cognition, and stress appraisal. The physiological measures consisted of participants’ facial expressions.
Our study found that positive affect state was associated with appraising pop-up messages as less of a threat compared to negative affect state. Also, individuals in the positive affect condition appraised the pop-up messages to be more controllable and were more likely to adopt adaptive coping strategies (positive reframing, planning, and active coping) compared to participants in a negative affect state. Finally, participants’ task performance was influenced by the type of coping strategies they had adopted to deal with the pop-up messages, with support seeking and maladaptive coping being associated with lower performance scores.
Our research contributes to the emergent science on technostress by suggesting methods to alleviate impact of stressors, and provides guidelines for managing technostress to individuals and public policy makers. From a theoretical standpoint, we propose a framework that incorporates the biological mechanisms of stress and addresses the role of affect in shaping the stress response. From a methodological perspective, we use a combination of perceptual and physiological methods to gauge individuals’ stress response, demonstrating the value of non-invasive methods such as facial expressions as objective tools for measuring individuals’ responses to episodic stressors
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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