5 research outputs found
Study Of Prevalence of Diarrheal Diseases Amongst Under Five Population
No full textAcute diarrheal disease with its accompanying dehydration has remained a challenging problem to the medical profession and the community in the third world countries especially in the age below five years. The current study was conducted to study the prevalence of diarrheal diseases amongst under five population and the seasonal distribution of diarrheal diseases amongst under five population. It was a longitudinal study conducted among 2408 children under 5 yrs age group including 541 infants. Maximum cases of diarrhea (81.89%) were in infants. 90.60% episodes of diarrhea were treated at home with ORS and/or home available fluids. About half of the diarrheal episodes 2798 (46.39%) were occurred in monsoon season
A Study on Prevalence of Acute Respiratory Tract Infections (ARI) In Under Five Children in Urban and Rural Communities of Ahmedabad District, Gujarat
No full textBackground: Acute respiratory tract infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in developing and also developed countries. About 13 million under 5 children dies every year in the world, 95% of them in developing countries, one third of total deaths are due to ARI.
Objective: To find out prevalence of ARI in under 5 children living in urban and rural areas of Ahmedabad district
Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was covering 500 under 5 children living in urban (five zone) and rural (five PHC of Sanand taluka) area of Ahmedabad district from September 2008 to March 2009.
Results: Prevalence of ARI was found to be 22%, it was higher in low social class (III, IV and V) (26.56%), Illiterate mothers (24.4%) and primary (23.9%) mothers, Overcrowded houses (28.5%).
Conclusion: Prevalence of ARI was lower in urban area (17.2%) as compare to rural area (26.8%) (Combine is 22%). In rural area, it is more because of lack of availability of basic health services, lack of awareness, and other associated factors like overcrowding, low socio-economic status, absence of cross ventilation, indoor air pollution are responsible factors
A Study on Availability of Basic Civic Facilities in Urban Slum Area of Bhuj, Gujarat, India
No full textBackground: In cites of India, there is around 50-60% of the population of the urban areas that lives in urban slums where basic facilities such as water, sanitation, health, electricity etc are poor. Disease morbidity and mortality is high due to poverty, poor nutrition and poor education and children living on payments slum are more exposed to drug abuse, child labour and sexual exploitation.
Objective: To study the availability of basic civic facilities in urban slums in bhuj city.
Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out between january 2011 to june 2011 on randomly selected 109 households at ramdevnagar (urban slum) area located in the western part of bhuj. House to house survey was carried out and information was obtained on predesigned and pretested proforma by interviewing the head and or other members of family. Family details, ration card, election card, water,gutterline, waste disposal, electric connection, education, availability of basic health facility were included in the proforma. The data were analyzed in microsoft excel.
Results: 50.4% houses are permanent, 73% are having BPL ration card, 5.5 % houses is having municipality water line connection, no house is having gutter connection and 58.7% houses are having electricity connection, 60% houses don’t have toilet facility, No houses have the facility of dumping solid waste. lack of basic infrastructure and primary health facilities in this area.
Conclusion: There are infrastructural issues like lack of permanent road, street light, dumping of solid waste, drinking water facility and drainage of waste water facility. Proper implementation of stretegy of town planning. Improve the efficiency of public health system in the cities by strenghthing , revamping and rationalizing urban primary health structure
ANALISIS PEMBELAJARAN KONSTRUKTIVISME PADA MATA PELAJARAN PAI DALAM MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS PESERTA DIDIK DI SMA NEGERI 1 WAY JEPARA
No full textABSTRAK
Fenomena rendahnya kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa Sekolah
Menengah Atas Negeri 1 Way Jepara pada pembelajaran Pendidikan
Agama Islam. Hal ini dapat diketahui dari semakin banyaknya sikap
dan perilaku yang tidak mengindikasikan berpikir kritis. Sebagai
contoh masih banyaknya siswa yang kesulitan dalam menjawab soal
yang bersifat menganalisis, mengevaluasi serta merumuskan hipotesis.
Beberapa hal tersebut diatas mengindikasikan perlunya upaya
peningkatan kemampuan berpikir kritis peserta didik sebagai hasil dari
pemahaman terhadap konten pembelajaran guna sebagai upaya
pengembangan karakter dalam kehidupan sehari-hari melalui model
pembelajaran yang efektif. Salah satu alternatif model pembelajaran
yang dianggap dapat meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis peserta
didik adalah model pembelajaran konstruktivis yang selama ini telah
diimplementasikan dalam kurikulum 2013, karena dalam
pembelajaran konstruktivis, peserta didik secara mandiri aktif
membangun pengetahuan yang dilandasi struktur kognitif yang telah
dimilikinya. Berdasarkan latar belakang diatas maka penulis
mengadakan penelitian yang berjudul ―Analisis Pembelajaran
Konstruktivisme Pada Mata Pelajaran PAI Dalam Meningkatkan
Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Peserta Didik di SMA Negeri 1 Way
Jepara‖. Tujuan dalam penelitian ini (1) Untuk mengetahui
perencanaan pembelajaran konstruktivisme pada mata pelajaran
Pendidikan dalam meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis Agama
Islam di SMA N 1 Way Jepara. (2) Untuk mengkaji pelaksanaan
pembelajaran konstruktivisme pada mata pelajaran Pendidikan Agama
Islam dalam meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis di SMA N 1
Way Jepara. (3) Untuk menganalisa hasil evaluasi pelaksanaan
pembelajaran konstruktivisme pada mata pelajaran Pendidikan Agama
Islam dalam meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir krittis peserta didik
di SMA N 1 Way Jepara.
Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian lapangan (field research).
Data primer didapatkan langsung dari wawancara yaitu Kepala
Sekolah, 2 orang Guru Bidang Studi PAI dan juga 3 orang peserta
didik. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan cara wawancara, observasi,
dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisa data dengan reduksi data, penyajian
iv
data, dan penarikan kesimpulan.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perencanaan
Pembelajaran Konstruktivisme Pada Mata Pelajaran Pendidikan
Agama Islam Dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis di
SMA Negeri 1 Way Jepara, Guru PAI menyiapkan RPP, alat peraga
atau media pembelajaran, metode, materi, serta lembar kerja peserta
didik. Pelaksanaan pembelajaran konstruktivisme pada mata pelajaran
Pendidikan Agama Islam Dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir
Kritis di SMA Negeri 1 Way Jepara terdiri dari tiga kegiatan
pembelajaran yaitu, kegiatan pendahuluan, kegiatan inti, dan kegiatan
penutup. Hasil Pembelajaran Konstruktivisme Pada Mata Pelajaran
Pendidikan Agama Islam Dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir
Kritis di SMA Negeri 1 Way Jepara yaitu siswa memiliki kemampuan
berpikir kritis yang beragam dan itu bisa dilihat saat pembelajaran
dengan penerapan model konstruktivis berlangsung.
Kata Kunci : Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis, Pembelajaran
Konstruktivisme, Peserta Didik
v
ABSTRACT
The phenomenon of low critical thinking abilities of Way
Jepara 1 State High School students in Islamic Religious Education
learning. This can be seen from the increasing number of attitudes
and behaviors that do not indicate critical thinking. For example,
there are still many students who have difficulty answering questions
that are analyzing, evaluating and formulating hypotheses. Some of
the things mentioned above indicate the need for efforts to improve
students' critical thinking skills as a result of understanding learning
content as an effort to develop character in everyday life through
effective learning models. One alternative learning model that is
considered to be able to improve students' critical thinking skills is the
constructivist learning model which has been implemented in the 2013
curriculum, because in constructivist learning, students independently
actively build knowledge based on the cognitive structures they
already have. Based on the above background, the author conducted
research entitled "Analysis of Constructivist Learning in PAI Subjects
in Improving Students' Critical Thinking Ability at SMA Negeri 1 Way
Jepara". The objectives of this research are (1) To determine
constructivist learning planning in Education subjects in improving
Islamic critical thinking skills at SMA N 1 Way Jepara. (2) To
examine the implementation of constructivist learning in Islamic
Religious Education subjects in improving critical thinking skills at
SMA N 1 Way Jepara. (3) To analyze the results of the evaluation of
the implementation of constructivist learning in Islamic Religious
Education subjects in improving students' critical thinking abilities at
SMA N 1 Way Jepara.
This research includes field research. Primary data was
obtained directly from interviews, namely the Principal, 2 PAI Study
Teachers and also 3 students. Data collection techniques include
interviews, observation and documentation. Data analysis techniques
using data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions.
The results of the research show that planning constructivist
learning in Islamic religious education subjects in improving critical
thinking skills at SMA Negeri 1 Way Jepara, PAI teachers prepare
lesson plans, teaching aids or learning media, methods, materials and
vi
student worksheets. The implementation of constructivist learning in
the subject of Islamic Religious Education in Improving Critical
Thinking Abilities at SMA Negeri 1 Way Jepara consists of three
learning activities, namely, preliminary activities, core activities and
closing activities. The results of constructivist learning in Islamic
religious education subjects in improving critical thinking skills at
SMA Negeri 1 Way Jepara are that students have diverse critical
thinking skills and this can be seen when learning using the
constructivist model takes place.
Keywords: Critical Thinking Ability, Constructivist Learning,
Student
Computing a Probabilistic Extension of Answer Set Program Language Using ASP and Markov Logic Solvers
No full textabstract: LPMLN is a recent probabilistic logic programming language which combines both Answer Set Programming (ASP) and Markov Logic. It is a proper extension of Answer Set programs which allows for reasoning about uncertainty using weighted rules under the stable model semantics with a weight scheme that is adopted from Markov Logic. LPMLN has been shown to be related to several formalisms from the knowledge representation (KR) side such as ASP and P-Log, and the statistical relational learning (SRL) side such as Markov Logic Networks (MLN), Problog and Pearl’s causal models (PCM). Formalisms like ASP, P-Log, Problog, MLN, PCM have all been shown to embeddable in LPMLN which demonstrates the expressivity of the language. Interestingly, LPMLN has also been shown to reducible to ASP and MLN which is not only theoretically interesting, but also practically important from a computational point of view in that the reductions yield ways to compute LPMLN programs utilizing ASP and MLN solvers. Additionally, the reductions also allow the users to compute other formalisms which can be reduced to LPMLN.
This thesis realizes two implementations of LPMLN based on the reductions from LPMLN to ASP and LPMLN to MLN. This thesis first presents an implementation of LPMLN called LPMLN2ASP that uses standard ASP solvers for computing MAP inference using weak constraints, and marginal and conditional probabilities using stable models enumeration. Next, in this thesis, another implementation of LPMLN called LPMLN2MLN is presented that uses MLN solvers which apply completion to compute the tight fragment of LPMLN programs for MAP inference, marginal and conditional probabilities. The computation using ASP solvers yields exact inference as opposed to approximate inference using MLN solvers. Using these implementations, the usefulness of LPMLN for computing other formalisms is demonstrated by reducing them to LPMLN. The thesis also shows how the implementations are better than the native solvers of some of these formalisms on certain domains. The implementations make use of the current state of the art solving technologies in ASP and MLN, and therefore they benefit from any theoretical and practical advances in these technologies, thereby also benefiting the computation of other formalisms that can be reduced to LPMLN. Furthermore, the implementation also allows for certain SRL formalisms to be computed by ASP solvers, and certain KR formalisms to be computed by MLN solvers.Dissertation/ThesisMasters Thesis Computer Science 201
