226 research outputs found
Development of DNA markers that distinguish male and female haploid germlings of the brown alga, Cladosiphon okamuranus
No full textOkinawa mozuku, Cladosiphon okamuranus, is one of many edible brown algae, yielding 22 Kton annually and contributing ¥5 billion to the Japanese economy. The life cycle of C. okamuranus is complicated, since the alga has self-cloning life cycles in both haploid (N, male and female) and diploid (2N) conditions, but only diploid “seeds” (germlings) become edible sporophytes. Because haploid and diploid germlings are morphologically indistinguishable, haploid germlings are often mistakenly combined with diploid germlings for cultivation, which results in less efficient harvesting of mozuku. Sexual identification of haploid germlings is essential to develop better diploid strains by crossbreeding. With this aim, we performed RNA-seq analysis of haploid germlings of C. okamuranus. Using its decoded diploid genome and transcriptomic information, we identified 269 genes that are expressed specifically in male or female haploids. BLAST analysis with Ectocarpus siliculosus gene models revealed that nine of 269 genes were putative sex determination-related genes of C. okamuranus. A unique set of polymerase chain reaction primers for these nine genes was designed, and DNA amplification using primers enabled us to distinguish male and female haploid and diploid germlings. This tool will enable mozuku farmers to select diploid germlings free of haploid germlings. Using this DNA marker technique, the amount of mozuku cultivated in Okinawa is expected to increase
Layanan Berbasis Lokasi Untuk Menemukan Koki Rumahan Yang Terdekat Dan Tersedia
No full textMakanan merupakan kebutuhan pokok manusia yang berkontribusi secara langsung dalam menjaga kesehatan. Pola konsumsi makanan yang buruk dengan olahraga yang tidak teratur berpotensi menimbulkan penyakit, baik jangka pendek maupun jangka panjang. Salah satu yang menyebabkan pola konsumsi makanan yang buruk adalah karena ketidakmampuan individu dalam mengolah bahan mentah menjadi makanan jadi. Akibatnya banyak individu memilih untuk membeli makanan di luar yang banyak mengandung bahan berbahaya (misalnya MSG atau Aspartam). Di lain sisi, terdapat anggota masyarakat yang dapat mengolah bahan mentah menjadi makanan (kita sebut sebagai koki rumahan). Biasanya para koki rumahan adalah individu biasa yang tidak mendapatkan pelatihan atau pendidikan khusus dibidang kuliner. Namun, tidak menutup kemungkinan terdapat individu yang mendapatkan pelatihan dan pendidikan khusus kuliner untuk bergabung. Tugas akhir ini bertujuan untuk mempertemukan antara individu yang tidak bisa memasak dengan koki rumahan. Individu akan menyediakan bahan baku dan tempat bagi koki rumahan. Sebagai gantinya, koki rumahan akan menyediakan jasa mengolah bahan mentah menjadi makanan jadi. Dengan demikian, individu mendapatkan makanan secara reguler sekaligus menjaga kualitas asupan makanan karena kendali bahan baku ada di individu. Adapun disiplin ilmu yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah enterprise resource planning, khususnya pada proses order to cash. Proses ini dimulai ketika individu mencari koki rumahan untuk memasak makanan, sehingga terbentuk pesanan yang menghasilkan tagihan akhir. Oleh karena itu, penulis mengajukan solusi dalam bentuk sebuah aplikasi pencari koki rumahan. Aplikasi pencari koki rumahan adalah sebuah platform berbasis web yang terintegrasi dengan Google Maps yang dapat membantu dalam mencari koki rumahan di daerah sekitar yang dapat membuatkan masakan sesuai dengan keinginan dan juga menyehatkan. Sehingga permasalahan terhadap makanan yang mengandung bahan-bahan berbahaya dapat segera teratasi.
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Food is one of human basic needs that directly contributed to maintain body health. The habit of consuming low quality food combined irregular exercise patterns might bring out diseases, either for short or long term. One thing that cause people regularly consuming low quality foods is the inability of someone to process raw ingredients to prepared dishes. Because of that, people preferred to buy fast foods that contains a lot of aditive materials that if consumed regularly will likely affect body health, such as MSG or Aspartam. In the other side, there are people that could process raw ingredients to prepared dishes (we call them home cooks). Usually, home cooks are untrained people that never got any specific training or education in culinary field. But, there are still possibilities that there will be people that got trained specifically in culinary to collaborate. This thesis aims to meet individuals that cannot cook with the home cooks. The individuals will prepare the raw ingredients and a place to cook for the home cooks. In return, the home cooks will provide the service to process raw ingredients to prepared dishes. Therefore, the individuals will get prepared foods regularly and maintain the quality of their consumed foods, because the one that in charge of the raw materials is the person himself. As for the main knowledge that used in this research is enterprise resource planning, especially in order to cash process. This process starts when a person is looking for home cooks to cook dishes, and this will form booking process that results final invoice. Hence, the author proposed solution in the form of application for searching home cooks. Application for searching home cooks is a web-based platform that integrated with Google Maps that could help to look for home cooks in surrounding areas that could make healthy dishes according customers’ needs. So, the problems regarding to foods that contains dangerous ingredients could be solved
Resilience by Sindhi Protagonists in Tryst with Koki
No full textTryst with Koki by Sindhi academic Subhadra Anand can be deemed partition literature/historical fiction which focuses on the resilience shown by an 18-year-old Sindhi protagonist called Sheila in the pre and post partitioning of the Indian subcontinent. In this study, we describe the demonstration and growth of her resilience and that of her brother Suresh in the face of the numerous setbacks they encountered. The characteristics of what makes for this resilience are said to be the characteristics of the Sindhi community. The author uses metaphors and similes to portray how fear and lack of confidence is overcome by love and care for others - both family and community and results in resilience
A single-cell RNA-seq analysis of early larval cell-types of the starfish, Patiria pectinifera: Insights into evolution of the chordate body plan
No full textAmbulacrarians (echinoderms and hemichordates) are a sister group to chordates; thus, their larval cell-types may provide clues about evolution of chordate body plans. Although most genic information accumulated to date pertains to sea urchin embryogenesis, starfish embryogenesis represents a more ancestral mode than that of sea urchins. We performed single-cell RNA-seq analysis of cell-types from gastrulae and bipinnarial larvae of the starfish, Patiria pectinifera, and categorized them into 22 clusters, each of which is composed of cells with specific, shared profiles of development-relevant gene expression. Oral and aboral ectoderm, apical plate, hindgut or archenteron, midgut or intestine, pharynx, endomesoderm, stomodeum, and mesenchyme of the gastrulae, and neurons, ciliary bands, enterocoel and muscle of larvae were characterized by expression profiles of at least two relevant transcription factor genes and signaling molecular genes. Expression of Hox2, Hox7, Hox9/10, and Hox11/13b was detected in cells of clusters that form the larval enterocoel. By comparing homologous gene expression profiles in chordate embryos, we discuss and propose how the chordate body plan evolved from a deuterostome ancestor, from which the echinoderm body plan also evolved
Dynamic network modeling for spaceflight logistics with time-expanded networks
No full textThesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2015.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.Includes bibliographical references (pages 139-145).This research develops a dynamic logistics network formulation for high-level lifecycle optimization of space mission sequences in order to find an optimal space transportation architecture considering its technology trades over time. The proposed methodology is inspired by terrestrial logistics analysis techniques based on linear programming network optimization. A new model with a generalized multi-commodity network flow formulation and a time-expanded network is developed for dynamic space logistics optimization. The developed methodology is applied to three case studies: 1) human exploration of Mars; 2) human exploration of a near-Earth object (NEO); 3) their combination (related to the concept of the Flexible Path). The results reveal multiple dynamic system-level trades over time and provide recommendations for an optimal strategy for human space exploration architecture. The considered trades include those between in-situ resource utilization (ISRU) and propulsion technologies as well as orbit and depot location selection over time. The numerical results show that using specific combinations of propulsion technologies, ISRU, and other space infrastructure elements effectively, we can reduce the initial mass in low- Earth orbit (IMLEO) by 45-50% compared with the baseline architecture. In addition, the analysis results also show that we can achieve 15-20% IMLEO reduction by designing Mars and NEO missions together as a campaign compared with designing them separately owing to their common space logistics infrastructure pre-deployment. This research serves as a precursor for eventual permanent settlement and colonization of other planets by humans, thus transforming us into a multi-planet species.by Koki Ho.Ph. D
The aging of international migrants and strategic transnational practice in later life: Exploring Portuguese seniors in Toronto, Canada
No full textThe Portuguese community in Toronto is the largest in North America; however, its immigrant population is now aging. This paper addresses senior immigrants who had a transnational later life and discusses this practice in the transatlantic context, using a lifecycle model of transnational migration. Later life is a life stage that is highly feasible for transnational migration, as seniors are mostly disentangled from various obligations, such as work, child rearing, and caregiving for parents. Transnational senior migrants in Europe and North America can be categorized into four groups: Intra-Europe Rich, Intra-Europe Immigrant, North American Snowbird, and Trans-Atlantic Immigrant. Trans-Atlantic Immigrant seniors, the target group of this paper, differ from the other groups on several points, including seasonal preference for transnational migration, motivations, and legal regulations. The paper considers the questions of why senior Portuguese immigrants choose to stay in Portugal for an extended period each year, while mainly living in Canada, and how their later life is structured between the two countries. Transnational later life is a strategic practice of senior Portuguese immigrants in Canada in the last stage of their lifecycle, allowing them to maximize government pension payments while simultaneously enjoying the highest quality of life possible in both countries
Target search methods for space situational awareness
No full textThis work studies methods to detect target in an orbit around the Earth using a space based sensor. Searching for a target among a large set of candidate orbits is a difficult and time consuming problem. Considering orbital dynamics, sensor uncertainties and the initial size of candidate location distribution, it is desirable to develop efficient search techniques. In this work, information-theoretic methods for searching a target in a large probability distribution using a space based sensor is considered. One intuitive approach is to steer the sensor towards regions of high probability density. Alternatively, information-theoretic methods steer the sensor based on metrics of the information gain in the posterior probability distribution. Through simulation, it is shown that information-theoretic search methods produce greater knowledge about probability distribution of the target's orbit. We also present methods to lower the computing expense imposed on the computer on-board a space based sensor. The issue is addressed using data clustering technique called K-means clustering. It is shown that errors resulting from searching the target after clustering is much lower compared to errors resulting from searching targets at the locations of higher probability.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2020-05-01The student, Mihir Patel, accepted the attached license on 2018-04-24 at 11:35.The student, Mihir Patel, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2018-04-24 at 11:43.This Thesis was approved for publication on 2018-04-25 at 09:49.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #12445 on 2018-08-31 at 17:21:23Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-04T20:36:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Establishing Sustainable Cell Lines of a Coral, Acropora tenuis
No full textPlanula larvae of the scleractinian coral, Acropora tenuis, consist of elongated ectodermal cells and developing inner endodermal cells. To establish in vitro cell lines for future studies of cellular and developmental potential of coral cells, larvae were successfully dissociated into single cells by treating them with a tissue dissociation solution consisting of trypsin, EDTA, and collagenase. Brown-colored cells, translucent cells, and pale blue cells were the major components of dissociated larvae. Brown-colored cells began to proliferate transiently in the culture medium that was devised for the coral, while translucent cells and pale blue cells decreased in number about 1 week after cell dissociation. In addition, when a modular protease, plasmin, was added to the cell culture medium, brown-colored cells extended pseudopodia and assumed amorphous shapes. They then continued to proliferate in clumps for more than 6 months with a doubling time of approximately 4-5 days. From 3 weeks of cell culture onward, brown-colored cells often aggregated and exhibited morphogenesis-like behavior to form flat sheets, and blastula-like clusters or gastrula-like spheres. Single cells or cell-clusters of the cell lines were analyzed by RNA-seq. This analysis showed that genes expressed in these cells in vitro were A. tenuis genes. Furthermore, each cell line expressed a specific set of genes, suggesting that their properties include gastroderm, secretory cells, undifferentiated cells, neuronal cells, and epidermis. All cell properties were maintained stably throughout successive cell cultures. These results confirm the successful establishment of a coral in vitro cell line
Optimal satellite constellation spare strategy using multi-echelon inventory control with stochastic demand and lead times
No full textThe recent growing trend to develop large-scale satellite constellations (i.e., megaconstellation) with low-cost small satellites has brought the need for an efficient and scalable maintenance strategy decision plan. Traditional spare strategies for satellite constellations cannot handle these mega-constellations due to their limited scalability in number of satellites and/or their lack of consideration of the relatively low reliability of small satellites. This research proposes a novel spare strategy using an inventory management approach. The model considers a set of parking orbits at a lower altitude than the constellation for spare storage, and model satellite constellation spare strategy problem using a multi-echelon (s,Q)-type spare inventory problem, viewing Earth's ground as a supplier, parking orbits as warehouses, and in-plane spare stocks as retailers. This approach is unique in that the parking orbits (warehouses) drift away from the orbital planes over time due to orbital mechanics effects, and the in-plane spare stocks (retailers) would receive the resupply from the closest (i.e., minimum waiting time) available warehouse at the time of delivery. The parking orbits (warehouse) are also resupplied from the ground (supplier) with stochastic lead time caused by the order processing and launch opportunities, leveraging the cost saving effects by launching many satellites in one rocket (i.e., batch launch discount). The proposed model is validated against simulations using Latin Hypercube Sampling, and an optimization formulation based on the proposed model is introduced to identify spare strategy, comprising the parking orbits characteristics and all locations policies, to minimize the maintenance cost of the system given performance requirements. The proposed model and optimization method are applied to a real-world case study of satellite mega-constellation to demonstrate their value.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2020-05-01The student, Pauline Jakob, accepted the attached license on 2018-04-24 at 14:07.The student, Pauline Jakob, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2018-04-24 at 14:22.This Thesis was approved for publication on 2018-04-25 at 08:37.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #12451 on 2018-08-31 at 17:21:25Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-04T20:36:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Previous issue date: 2018-04-25Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 107305
Lift date: 2020-09-04T20:37:00Z
Reason: Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemEmbargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 107305
Lift date: 2020-09-04T20:42:08Z
Reason: Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemU of I Only Restriction Lifted for Item 107305 on 2020-09-05T09:15:26Z
Differential gene expression in fronds and stolons of the siphonous macroalga, Caulerpa lentillifera
No full textThe green alga, Caulerpa lentillifera, is composed of a single cell with multiple nuclei, but it possesses structures analogous to leaves or fronds, stems or stolons, and roots or rhizoids. To understand molecular mechanisms involved in formation and function of these structures, we carried out RNA-seq analysis of fronds and stolons (including rhizoids). Taking advantage of the decoded genome of C. lentillifera, the present RNA-seq analysis addressed transcripts corresponding to 9,311 genes identified in the genome. RNA-seq data suggested that 8,734 genes are expressed in sporophytes. Despite the siphonous body of the alga, differential gene expression was evident in the two structures. 1,027 (11.8%) and 1,129 (12.9%) genes were preferentially expressed in fronds and stolons, respectively, while the remaining 6,578 (75.3%) genes were expressed at the same level in both. Most genes preferentially expressed in fronds are associated with photosynthesis and plant hormone pathways, including abscisic acid signaling. In contrast, those preferentially expressed in stolons are associated with translation and DNA replication. These results indicate that gene expression is regulated differently between fronds and stolons, which probably governs the function of each structure. Together with genomic information, the present transcriptomic data provide genic information about development and physiology of this unique, siphonous organism.journal articl
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