25 research outputs found
Data for: Male bull-headed shrikes use food caches to improve their condition-dependent song performance and pairing success
No full textFood caching is common in many animal species, and is thought to have evolved largely by natural selection. We propose that sexual selection also plays an important role in the evolution of food caching. The sexual trait promotion (STP) hypothesis predicts that if male food caches provide supplemental nutrition allowing males to improve their sexual traits (e.g. song) serving a role in female choice, then sexual selection would act on male food caching. To test this idea, we investigated correlations between the number of caches that males retrieved, male song, and pairing success, in the bull-headed shrike Lanius bucephalus. Our field observations showed that the number of food caches males retrieved was positively correlated with male singing tempo (i.e. the number of notes uttered per second), not with other song characteristics (e.g. repertoire size). It has been reported in the bull-headed shrike that the singing tempo reflects the nutritional condition of the singers, and females choose their mates based on the tempo. Food supplementation experiments showed that males with artificially augmented food caches sang at higher speeds and mated with females earlier than controls; conversely, cache removal experiments showed that males with depleted food caches sang at lower speeds and were more likely to fail to mate than controls. Our results suggest that the food caches of male bull-headed shrikes provide them with supplementary nutrition allowing them to improve a condition-dependent song characteristic, which in turn serves the function of female attraction. We, therefore, conclude that sexual selection is an important evolutionary force acting on male food caching
Adaptive functions of song performance and food caching in sexual selection in the bull-headed shrike Lanius bucephalus
No full textData from: Song performance is a condition-dependent dynamic trait honestly indicating the quality of paternal care in the Bull-headed Shrike
No full textData from: Song performance is a condition-dependent dynamic trait honestly indicating the quality of paternal care in the Bull-headed Shrik
Effects of Passive Cycling Movement at Different Pedal Rotation Speeds on HR and Oxygen Pulse
No full textCharacteristics of Heart Rate in Low Intensity Constant Load Arm Exercise: Investigation into the Differences in Adjustment of Vagal Activity
No full textDirect and indirect effects of nutritional status, physical function and cognitive function on activities of daily living in Japanese older adults requiring long-term care
No full textTemperature and Field Dependence of Magnetization Measured on a Grain Aligned Hg-1223 Samples
No full textPrevalence of sarcopenia and its association with activities of daily living among japanese nursing home residents
No full textThe impact of malnutrition on efficacy of resistance training in community-dwelling older adults
No full textFunctional recovery in post-stroke patients on hemodialysis during the convalescent phase: a comparison with those not undergoing hemodialysis
No full textAbstract Background Low physical fitness is often found in patients undergoing hemodialysis. It may be possible that the recovery of impaired motor function with rehabilitative training might be affected when the patient is on hemodialysis. So far, however, no researcher has clinically investigated this issue in post-stroke patients. The purpose of this study is to clarify the difference of functional recovery during the convalescent phase between post-stroke patients with and without hemodialysis. Methods A cohort of 82 post-stroke hemiparetic patients who were admitted to our rehabilitation hospital, were subjected. On the day of admission and discharge, some clinical parameters including Functional Independence Measure (FIM) and Functional Ambulation Category (FAC) were evaluated for each patient. The changes during the hospitalization and the values at the discharge in these parameters were statistically compared between the patients with and without hemodialysis. Results The FIM motor score at the discharge was significantly lower in hemodialysis patients than non-hemodialysis patients (64.7 ± 21.2 points in hemodialysis patients and 81.8 ± 28.0 points in non-hemodialysis patients, p < 0.05). In addition, the frequency of FAC at the discharge of ≥ 3 was significantly lower in hemodialysis patients than non-hemodialysis patients (40.0% in hemodialysis patients and 72.2% in non-hemodialysis patients, p < 0.05). Conclusion In patients undergoing hemodialysis seem to experience a worse functional recovery during the convalescent phase compared to those not undergoing hemodialysis. We might have to modify the rehabilitative program during the convalescent phase after stroke if the patient was on hemodialysis
