1,721,083 research outputs found
Impact of 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV10) on nasopharyngeal carriage in children 2 years of age: Data from a four-year time series cross-sectional study from Pakistan
Full text linkThe dataset described in this paper was collected for a time-series cross-sectional study exploring the impact of 10-valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV10) on nasopharyngeal (NP) carriage in children under 2 years of age from a rural population in Sindh, Pakistan. The study was carried out in two union councils of Matiari - Khyber and Shah Alam Shah Jee Wasi (Latitude 25.680298 / Longitude 68.502711). Data was collected on socio-demographics, clinical characteristics and vaccination status using android phone-based application. NP samples were collected using standard World Health Organisation (WHO) techniques, culture and serotyping was done using sequential Multiplex PCR described by Centre for Disease Control, USA. We looked at the carriage rate of vaccine type (VT) and non-vaccine type (NVT) serotypes over time in vaccinated and unvaccinated children. We additionally looked at the predictors for pneumococcal carriage. The uploaded dataset, available on Mendeley data repository (Nisar, Muhammad Imran (2021), Impact of PCV10 on nasopharyngeal carriage in children in Pakistan , Mendeley Data, V1, doi:10.17632/t79h6g97gr.1), has 3140 observations in CSV format. Additional files uploaded include a data dictionary and the set of questionnaires. The dataset and accompanying files can be used by other interested researchers to replicate our analysis, carry similar analysis under varying set of assumptions or perform additional exploratory or metanalysis
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Direct and indirect effect of 10 valent pneumococcal vaccine on nasopharyngeal carriage in children under two years of age in a rural population in Matiari, Pakistan
No full textPneumococcus is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide in both children and adults. It is a leading cause of pneumonia, of which there were 7·1 million episodes in Pakistan in 2015, leading to around 64,000 deaths in children under five years. Pakistan was one of the first countries in South Asia to introduce the ten-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV10) in its Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) in October 2012 as a 3+0 schedule without catchup immunisation. The introduction of conjugate vaccines in a country’s immunisation program has been shown to decrease the burden of pneumococcal disease in the group targeted for vaccination, i.e., children under five years of age and older children and adults. This is mediated by the effect of vaccines in decreasing the carriage of pneumococcus in the nasopharynx of healthy individuals, thereby reducing community transmission. In this study, we investigated changes in the pneumococcal carriage and serotype distribution in children 0-2 years of age in a rural population of Matiari, Pakistan, in the years following the introduction of PCV10. We compared these yearly rates with a carriage survey done in the same population in Jan/Feb 2013 after adjusting for differences in age distribution. We explored socio-demographic and clinical characteristics predicting overall and vaccine type (VT) carriage and described antimicrobial susceptibility patterns for the carried serotypes. Between 2014 to 2018, 3140 nasopharyngeal samples were collected from children less than two years of age residing in district Matiari of the Sindh province. For isolation of pneumococcal colonies, we performed culture on sheep blood agar At the Infectious Disease Research Laboratory (IDRL), Aga Khan University. Multiplex PCR was performed to determine individual serotypes using standardised CDC methods. Vaccine type (VT) carriage was defined as the cumulative frequency of all PCV10 specific serotypes divided by the number of nasopharyngeal swabs collected. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined for nine common antimicrobials using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. A modified Halloran model was used to estimate the population-level effects of the vaccine on nasopharyngeal carriage and compare VT carriage rates among various population compartments according to their vaccination status. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was done to determine the risk factors associated with VT carriage. Overall pneumococcal carriage declined from 80.8% (95% CI 77.8, 83.5) in study year 1 to 72.8% (95% CI 69.6, 75.9) in study year 4. Vaccine type carriage decreased from 16.1% (95% CI 13.6, 18.9) in 2014/15 to 9.6% in 2017/1895% CI 7.7, 11.9) in our study sample and from 19.9% (95% CI 16.8, 23.3) to 13.2% among isolates. In the 4-11 months age group VT carriage decreased from 26.7% (95% CI 21.0, 33.0) in the pre-PCV period (2013) to 9.6% (95% CI 7.1, 12.6) in 2017/18. Verbal or card verified vaccine coverage for 3 doses of PCV10 increased from 41·0% (95% CI 37.5, 44.6) in 2014/15 to 68·4% (95% CI 65.1, 71.6) in 2017/18. From 2014/15 to 2017/8, a decline was observed in serotypes 6B, 9V/9A,19F, 23F and 6A. However, the reduction was statistically significant for only 9V/9A 2.9% (95% CI, 1.8,4.3) in 2014/15 to 0.6 (95% CI 0.2,1.4) in 2017/18. When restricting to age group 4-11 months and comparing with the prevaccine introduction carriage survey from 2013, the decline was statistically significant for only 23F, i.e., 10.2% (95%CI 6.6,14.9) in 2013 to 3.3% (95%CI 1.9,5.3) in 2017/18. VT carriage in those who did not receive any dose of PCV10 declined from 17.4% (95%CI 13.1,22.5) in 2014/15 to 10.4% (95%CI 4.6,19.4) in 2017/18. The direct effect varied from year to year, and the pooled estimate for the study duration was 32.8% (95%CI 14.7,47.0) when comparing those who received zero doses versus those who received three doses. Pooled estimates for indirect, and total effect were 46.5% (95%CI 39.7,53.2) and 54.9% (95% CI 52.5,57.3) respectively. In the multivariable analysis, factors associated with VT carriage included primary wage earner’s education, 1-5 years (OR 0.7, 95%CI 0.5,0.9 when compared to no education), history of cough in the past two weeks (OR 1.3 95% CI 1.0 – 1.7) and having received three doses of PCV10 (OR 0.6 95% CI 0.4 – 0.8). In the multivariable analysis for factors associated with the overall carriage, primary caretaker education 6-10 years (OR 0.6, 95% CI 0.4 – 0.9 when compared to no education), history of outpatient visits in last one months (OR 0.7, 95% CI 0.5 – 0.9 for one visit and OR 0.6, 95% CI 0.5 – 0.8 for two visits), history of runny nose in last two weeks (OR 1.6, 95% CI .3 – 2.0), year of enrollment (OR 0.7, 95% CI 0.5 – 0.9 for 2015/16, OR 0.7, 95% CI 0.5 – 1.0 for 2016/17 and OR 0.5, 95% CI 0.5 – 0.8 for 2017/18 when compared to 2014/15) and average monthly temperature (OR 0.9, 95% CI 0.9 – 1.0) were found to be significantly associated. A high degree of non-susceptibility was observed for cotrimoxazole over the study period (88.4%), while non-susceptibility for erythromycin increased from 20% to 30.8%, which could be accounted for by the increase in serotype 19A. All isolates were susceptible to vancomycin. In conclusion, the introduction of PCV10 into the EPI has resulted in significant declines in VT carriage among both vaccinated and unvaccinated children in Matiari, thus demonstrating herd protection. Prevalence for PCV13 specific serotype 19A has increased over time with a concomitant increase in resistance to erythromycin. This study shows the effect of PCV10 in decreasing VT carriage rate in a post-introduction era and forms the baseline for further evaluating the recently introduced PCV13 in Pakistan’s EPI
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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