18 research outputs found
(Un)Becoming a Man: Legal Consciousness of the Third Gender Category in Pakistan
No full text In the past decade, a few countries have created a third gender category to legally recognize gender-nonconforming individuals. However, we know relatively little about the response of the gender-nonconforming individuals toward the legal third gender category. To address this gap, this article analyzes the different social, religious, and institutional discourses that have emerged around the recently created third gender category in Pakistan and their influence on the legal consciousness of the Khawaja Sira community, a marginalized gender-nonconforming group. Even though the third gender category was created to address the unique gender identity of the Khawaja Sira community, most continue to legally register as men. My research indicates that the patriarchal stigma, high compliance costs, and limited material benefits associated with the legal third gender category dissuade the Khawaja Sira community from choosing to register. My findings point to the limitations of a legal third gender category within a patriarchal sociolegal order where important benefits associated with the masculine identity are forfeited by registering. In doing so, I caution against over emphasizing the symbolic value of legal recognition for gender-nonconforming groups. </jats:p
Overcoming resistance to resistance in public administration: Resistance strategies of marginalized publics in citizen-state interactions
No full textManaging the Margins: Intersections of the State and the Khawaja Sira in Lahore, Pakistan
No full textabstract: Social equity research in public administration (PA) investigates different ways in which the practices of government intersect with the lives of socially marginalized individuals. However, due to limited direct engagement with marginalized groups; a predominant focus on formal state policies and institutions; and a lack of context-specific analyses of marginalization, there remain significant limitations in the existing PA research on social equity.
To address these theoretical gaps, this dissertation focuses on the Khawaja Sira of Pakistan – a marginalized group culturally defined as neither men nor women – to empirically investigate the multiple intersections between government and life on margins of the state. Specifically, this dissertation explores research questions related to legal and self-identity of the Khawaja Sira, impact of their changed legal status, their informal institutional experiences, and their interaction with front-line government workers through an interpretive research methodology.
The research design consisted of a ten-month long person-centered ethnography in Lahore, Pakistan during which in-depth person-centered interviews were conducted with 50 Khawaja Sira. I also conducted semi-structured interviews with 19 frontline workers from National Database and Registration Authority (NADRA), social welfare department, and a local NGO and a group interview with 12 frontline workers of police. I coded the data collected from the fieldwork using qualitative thematic content analysis in MAXQDA. I then analyzed the main themes from the data using multiple theoretical perspectives to develop my findings.
My analysis shows that the legal identity of the Khawaja Sira, as conceived by the Supreme Court of Pakistan, has limited relevance and benefits for the Khawaja Sira most of whom instead choose to register as men. The analysis of administrator-citizen interactions reveals that the Khawaja Sira are exposed to hyper-surveillance, moral policing and higher administrative burden during these interactions. These interactions are also strongly mediated by formal public policy, social discourses about gender identity and informal institutions. I discuss the implications of my analysis that can contribute to a more inclusive society for the Khawaja Sira. In doing so, my research makes important contributions to research on administrative burden, everyday citizenship, and social equity in public administration.Dissertation/ThesisDoctoral Dissertation Public Administration 201
The Nostalgic Detective: Identity formation in Detective Fiction of Pakistan
No full textThrough an analysis of Ibn-e-Safi’s writings, this article explores the existence of a reflective nostalgia in Post-Colonial Pakistan. We propose that this nostalgia operated at three levels; firstly, it represented an approach that saw the geographical separation of India not as a complete socio-cultural break where the entire heritage of India had to be disowned in order to become an “authentic†Pakistani. Secondly, it was a yearning for the inclusive religiosity where religion was a matter of personal choice and not a state enforced enterprise. Finally, it represented an attitude towards Colonialism which accepted modernity and rationality while keeping indigenous traditional values intact
Foundations of Relating: Theory and Evidence on the Formation of Street-Level Bureaucrats’ Workplace Networks
No full textCrushed between two stones: Competing institutional logics in the implementation of maternity leave policies in Pakistan
No full textProduct Development Partnerships: Collaborative Multi-sector Regimes to Accelerate Vaccine Development
No full textProduct Development Partnerships: Collaborative Multi-Sector Regimes to Accelerate Vaccine Development
No full textRTK GPS Performance Assessment for Long Baseline Deformation Monitoring
No full textAn offshore platform or correctly is a large structure with facilities to drill wells, to extract and process oil and natural gas, and to temporarily store product until it can be brought to shore for refining and marketing. For a normal GPS, after we obtained the coordinates of certain point, we have to process them and this will take time. For RTK GPS, it is real time process. It means that the data obtained can be processed on time and this can reduce time and occupation load. When a platform is hit by external forces, it will move a little bit from its original position, maybe just about 10cm. How can we measure the movement of the platform at the middle of the sea? This project work will be using the knowledge that author had learnt during the period of study. It is a method to test for the practicality of the knowledge that had been learned. In conducting this project, the author has to study about RTK GPS performance, understand the concept and the functions of RTK GPS. Next, some tests are going to be conducted, which is distance, accuracy, precision, and performance of RTK GPS single-based test
