1,720,955 research outputs found
Ekstraksi Logam Pb Pada Kupang Merah Menggunakan Sari Belimbing Wuluh
No full textRed kupang (Musculista senhausia) is onc of the protein-rich fisheries resources that is widely consumed by the population. However, red kupang contains a significant amount of heavy metal. This can be harmful to people if consumed in the long term and not processed properly. The boiling method that has been used to remove heavy metals is not effective, especially for reducing the levels of lead (Pb), which is difficult to dissolve in water. The accumulation of lead (Pb) in red kupang can be reduced by extracting it using citric acid, a chelating agent. This study aims to determine the effect of differences in citric acid concentration (0.5%v/v, 1%v/v, 1.5%v/v, 2%v/v, and 2.5%v/v) from starfruit juice solvent and stirring speed (150 rpm, 180 rpm, 210 rpm, 240 rpm, and 270 rpm) in the solid-liquid extraction method (leaching) on lead (Pb) levels in red kupang. Analysis of lead (Pb) levels was carried out using AAS. The analysis results showed that the levels of lead (Pb) tended to decrease as the
stirring speed and citric acid concentration increased. The best results were obtained at a citric acid concentration of 2.5%v/v and a stirring speed of 210 rpm, which resulted in a residual lead (Pb) levels of 0.251 mg kg. The results are in accordance with SNI 7387:2009, which states that the limit for lead metal contamination in food is 1.5 mg/kg
Perhitungan Neraca Massa NL Reaktor dan Efisiensi Penyisihan Nilai Parameter Kualitas Air Pada PT. Ajinomoto Indonesia-Mojokerto Factory
No full textThis internship report describes the activities and observations conducted during the Practical Work Program (PKL) at PT Ajinomoto Indonesia – Mojokerto Factory, carried out from January 6 to January 31, 2025. The purpose of this internship was to gain industrial experience and understand the complete production process of Monosodium Glutamate (MSG), including raw material preparation, fermentation, isolation, purification, quality control, utilities, and wastewater treatment. Throughout the program, the intern studied the production workflow, identified the function of major equipment units, and observed the implementation of quality and safety standards in accordance with ISO-based management systems. A special task was conducted focusing on mass balance calculations in the isolation unit (FI-1/H4) and evaluating wastewater treatment efficiency using jar tests based on TOC, TN, TSS, and pH parameters. The results showed that process optimization, strict control of operating conditions, and proper waste handling are critical to ensuring high product quality and environmental compliance. Overall, this internship provided valuable insights into chemical engineering applications in the food industry, enhanced technical competencies, and strengthened understanding of industrial-scale production systems
Pra Rancangan Pabrik Magnesium Karbonat Dari Mineral Dolomit dan Gas CO2 Dengan Proses Hidrasi
Get PDFThis preliminary plant design evaluates the production of magnesium carbonate from dolomite and carbon dioxide through a hydration–carbonation mechanism at an industrial scale of 65,000 tons per year. The process begins with high-temperature calcination of dolomite at 900°C to yield reactive CaO and MgO phases. Subsequent hydration produces a Ca(OH)₂–Mg(OH)₂ slurry, which is carbonated at 60°C and 6 atm to generate magnesium bicarbonate, Mg(HCO₃)₂, and precipitated CaCO₃. Solid–liquid separation is conducted in a clarifier before thermal decomposition of Mg(HCO₃)₂ to MgCO₃ in a heating reactor. Final product conditioning involves drying, cooling, and milling to meet commercial specifications. The plant utilizes locally available dolomite resources and provides a pathway for CO₂ utilization, supporting national strategies for industrial sustainability. Techno-economic assessment demonstrates that the proposed plant is viable, with a total capital requirement of Rp 1.31 trillion, an ROI of 21% before tax, an IRR of 10.91%, and a payback period of 3.17 years, confirming its economic attractiveness
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
- …
