22 research outputs found
[Internal security case report: disorderly conduct]
No full textInternal report describes Internal Security Officer Fenton Mahrt finding Masato Morinaga in a very intoxicated condition at the personnel garage.The Willard Schmidt collection, documents some of the administrative duties of Willard Schmidt, the Chief of Internal Security for the War Relocation Authority and the Tule Lake incarceration/segregation camp. This collection contains administrative records and photos documenting the Tule Lake camp, the largest incarceration camp with a peak population of 18,789 and with the most turbulent history. In 1943, the camp was turned into a segregation center to house "disloyal" Japanese Americans relocated from other camps based on their answers to a confusing loyalty questionnaire. The camp endured martial law from November 1943- Jan 1944 after escalating protests and unrest. The hostile environment of the camp lead to many incarcerees renouncing their American citizenship upon the end of incarceration, a process which took 14 years to reverse if they did not wish to be deported to Japan
A Comic Approach to Politics? Political Education via Comics
No full textThis article examines juvenile comics that deal with politics as a main topic. These comics introduce and develop politicised themes and topics in varying ways and their individual approaches to politics will be discussed and analysed. The first example, the German Micky Maus-Magazin series, occasionally uses political matters to create new comical stories. In the issues discussed here, democratic processes in the fictional city of Duckburg are described. The second example, Andi, published by the Interior Ministry of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia, aims at civic education. This comic explores the very real issues of rightwing extremism and rightwing propaganda within a fictional framework. The third example, Persepolis treats political issues in a serious, but not primarily pedagogical, way. It offers a personal viewpoint on the Iranian revolution in 1979. By reflecting on Iranian society, the Iranian author puts forward new perspectives on the country which are quite opposite to those that are typically represented in Western countries’ daily news. All three comics provide varying degrees of understanding on politics and political processes. Since each example combines elements of entertainment with political information, they will be analysed within the theoretical framework of what Dörner defines as politainment
Book review of: Nina Mahrt (2016) Die Darstellung realer Kriege in Comics
No full textAdolygiad o lyfr Chris Murray, The British Superher
The Role of Innate APOBEC3G and Adaptive AID Immune Responses in HLA-HIV/SIV Immunized SHIV Infected Macaques
No full textThis is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited
Public engagement of scientists (Science Communication)
No full textPublic engagement of scientists is defined as “all kinds of publicly accessible communication carried out by people presenting themselves as scientists. This includes scholarly communication directed at peers as well as science communication directed at lay publics” (Jünger & Fähnrich, 2019, p. 7).
Field of application/theoretical foundation:
The variable “public engagement of scientists” can be differentiated according to the following three main dimensions (Jünger & Fähnrich, 2019):
Directions of engagement: Describes the extent to which communication scientists on Twitter connect with people from different sectors of society (e.g. science, politics, media, economy). This allows conclusions to the potential influence of scientists reaching specific audiences beyond the scientific community (Jünger & Fähnrich, 2019).
Topics of engagement: Previous research reveals that social scientists not only act as experts in their research field, but often present themselves as public intellectuals by also referring to political and social issues (Albæk, Christiansen, & Togeby, 2003; Fähnrich & Lüthje, 2017). For this reason, communication scientists are expected to communicate not only on scientific but also on political or economic issues.
Modes of engagement: In addition to disseminating information, social networking sites also allow for more interactive ways of maintaining relationships. Thus, following Ellison and Boyd (2013), it can be assumed that communication on social networking sites can be both content-centered and user-centered. This dimension can be linked to the speech act theory (Klemm, 2000; Searle, 1990), according to which every use of language has a performative function.
References/combination with other methods of data collection:
In some cases, a mixed method approach, employing two data collection methods, is applied: a content analysis is complemented by a survey to gain information about the science communicators such as demographic information (Hara, Abbazio, & Perkins, 2019). Furthermore, their social networks are investigated by means of network analysis (Walter, Lörcher, & Brüggemann, 2019).
Example studies:
Hara et al. (2019); Jahng & Lee (2018); Kouper (2010); Mahrt & Puschmann (2014); Walter et al. (2019)
Information on Jünger & Fähnrich, 2019
Authors: Jakob Jünger & Birte Fähnrich, 2019
Research questions: How can the public engagement of scientists in the context of online communication be conceptualized? Which types of engagement occur in the Twitter activity of communication scholars?
Object of analysis: Tweets and followers belonging to the Twitter profiles of communication scientists who are following the International Communication Association (ICA) on Twitter (only German- and English-speaking users)
Timeframe of analysis: Data collection in September 2017
Info about variables
Variable name/definition: Subject area of the content of the tweets
Level of analysis: Tweet
Values:
- Science-related topics (research, teaching)
- Non-scientific topics (politics, economy, media, sports, environment, society, leisure time, and others)
Scale of measurement: Nominal
Reliability: Gwet’s AC1: 0,71 – 1,00; Holsti: 0,82 – 1,00
Variable name/definition: Language patterns of communication scientists (Speech acts)
Level of analysis: Tweet
Values:
- Actor-centered patterns (discussing, activating, socializing),
- Content-centered patterns (reporting, commenting),
- Other language patterns
Scale of measurement: Nominal
Reliability: Gwet’s AC1: 0,54 – 0,95; Holsti: 0,75 – 1,00
Variable name/definition: References of the communication scientists on Twitter
Level of analysis: Tweet
Values:
- Self-reference,
- Reference to specific actor,
- Reference to other unspecific actor,
- No reference to actors
Scale of measurement: Nominal
Reliability: Gwet’s AC1: 0,83 – 0,87; Holsti: 0,88 – 0,93
Variable name/definition: Type of actor (followers of the investigated scientists)
Level of analysis: Self description in profile
Values: Person, Organization
Scale of measurement: Nominal
Reliability: Gwet’s AC1: 0,89; Holsti: 0,91; Kappa: 0,84; Krippendorffs’ Alpha: 0,84
Variable name/definition: Social sphere of action of the followers
Level of analysis: Self description in profile
Values:
- Science (communication science, other sciences, science in general)
- Politics (party, state/administration, activists & lobbyists)
- Media (media & journalism, news & comments)
- Economy (communication industry, other economic sectors)
- Arts & Entertainment
- Health
- Other (Other areas of activity, personal interests)
Scale of measurement: Nominal
Reliability: Gwet’s AC1: 0,81 – 0,87; Holsti: 0,82 – 0,88; Kappa: 0,83 – 0,85; Krippendorffs’ Alpha: 0,83 – 0,85
Codebook: in the appendix (in German)
Information on Walter, Lörcher & Brüggemann, 2019
Authors: Stefanie Walter, Ines Lörcher & Michael Brüggemann
Research question: How do scientists interact with politicians and civil society on Twitter?
Object of analysis: Climate-related English-language Tweets posted by scientists from the United States (to classify the Twitter users, an automated content analysis, a dictionary approach, was applied; Krippendorffs’ Alpha: 0,74)
Timeframe of analysis: Data collection took place from October 1, 2017 to March 31, 2018
Variable name/definition: Mode and content of communication
Level of analysis: Tweet
Values: Negative emotion, Certainty
Scale of measurement: Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) program for computerized text analysis
Reliability: –
Codebook: in the appendix (R-Script)
Information on Hara et al., 2019
Authors: Noriko Hara, Jessica Abbazio & Kathryn Perkins
Research questions: What kind of demographic characteristics do the scientists participating in “Science” subreddit AMAs have? [survey] What was the experience like to host an AMA in the “Science” subreddit? [survey] What type of discussions did “Science” subreddit AMA participants engage in? Do questions receive answers? What are posters’ intentions? What kind of content features appear? Who is posting comments? What kind of responses do posts receive?
Object of analysis: Six Ask Me Anything (AMA) sessions on Reddit’s “Science” subreddit (r/science)
Timeframe of analysis: –
Info about variable
Variable name/definition: Poster’s intentions (PI); Answer status (AS); Comment status (CS); Poster’s identity (PID); Content features (CF)
Level of analysis: Post
Values:
- PI: Seeking information, Seeking discussion, Non-questions/comments, Further discussion/interaction among users, Answering a question
- AS: Answered, Not answered
- CS: Commented on, Not commented on
- PID: Host, Participant – flair, Participant – no flair
- CF: Providing factual information, Providing opinions, Providing resources, Providing personal experience, Providing guidance on forum governance, Making an inquiry – initial question, Making an inquiry – embedded question, Requesting resources, Off-topic comment
Scale of measurement: Nominal
Reliability: Intercoder reliability ranged between 0.66 and 1.0 calculated by Cohen’s Kappa
Codebook: in the appendix (in English)
References
Albæk, E., Christiansen, P. M., & Togeby, L. (2003). Experts in the mass media: Researchers as sources in Danish daily newspapers, 1961–2001. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 80(4), 937–948.
Ellison, N. B., & Boyd, D. M. (2013). Sociality through social network sites. In W. H. Dutton, N. B. Ellison, & D. M. Boyd (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Internet Studies (pp. 151–172). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Fähnrich, B., & Lüthje, C. (2017). Roles of Social Scientists in Crisis Media Reporting: The Case of the German Populist Radical Right Movement PEGIDA. Science Communication, 39(4), 415–442.
Hara, N., Abbazio, J., & Perkins, K. (2019). An emerging form of public engagement with science: Ask Me Anything (AMA) sessions on Reddit r/science. PloS One, 14(5), e0216789.
Jahng, M. R., & Lee, N. (2018). When scientists tweet for social changes: Dialogic communication and collective mobilization strategies by flint water study scientists on Twitter. Science Communication, 40(1), 89–108. https://doi.org/10.1177/1075547017751948
Jünger, J., & Fähnrich, B. (2019). Does really no one care?: Analyzing the public engagement of communication scientists on Twitter. New Media & Society, 7(2), 146144481986341.
Klemm, M. (2000). Zuschauerkommunikation: Formen und Funktionen der alltäglichen kommunikativen Fernsehaneignung [Audience Communication: Forms and Functions of Everyday Communicative Appropriation of Television]. Frankfurt am Main: Lang.
Kouper, I. (2010). Science blogs and public engagement with science: Practices, challenges, and opportunities. Journal of Science Communication, 09(01).
Mahrt, M., & Puschmann, C. (2014). Science blogging: An exploratory study of motives, styles, and audience reactions. Journal of Science Communication, 13(03).
Searle, J. R. (1990). Sprechakte: Ein sprachphilosophischer Essay [Speech Acts: An Essay on the Philosophy of Language]. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp.
Walter, S., Lörcher, I., & Brüggemann, M. (2019). Scientific networks on Twitter: Analyzing scientists’ interactions in the climate change debate. Public Understanding of Science, 28(6), 696–712
On estimating the surface wind stress over the sea
No full textAuthor Posting. © American Meteorological Society, 2018. This article is posted here by permission of American Meteorological Society for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Physical Oceanography 48 (2018): 1533-1541, doi:10.1175/JPO-D-17-0267.1.Our study analyzes measurements primarily from two Floating Instrument Platform (FLIP) field programs and from the Air–Sea Interaction Tower (ASIT) site to examine the relationship between the wind and sea surface stress for contrasting conditions. The direct relationship of the surface momentum flux to U2 is found to be better posed than the relationship between and U, where U is the wind speed and is the friction velocity. Our datasets indicate that the stress magnitude often decreases significantly with height near the surface due to thin marine boundary layers and/or enhanced stress divergence close to the sea surface. Our study attempts to correct the surface stress estimated from traditional observational levels by using multiple observational levels near the surface and extrapolating to the surface. The effect of stability on the surface stress appears to be generally smaller than errors due to the stress divergence. Definite conclusions require more extensive measurements close to the sea surface.This work
was supported by the U.S. Office of Naval Research
through Award N00014-16-1-2600. We2019-01-1
Microresonators for organic semiconductor and fluidic lasers
No full textThis thesis describes a number of studies of microstructured optical resonators,
designed with the aim of enhancing the performance of organic semiconductor lasers
and exploring potential applications. The methodology involves the micro-engineering
of the photonic environment in order to modify the pathways of the emitted light and
control the feedback mechanism. The research focuses on designing new organic
microstructures using established semi-analytical and numerical methods, developing fabrication techniques using electron-beam lithography, and optically characterising the resulting structures.
Control of the feedback mechanism in conjugated polymer lasers is first investigated by studying Distributed Feedback or photonic crystal resonators based on a square feedback lattice. This study identified the diffraction to free space radiation as a major source of loss in current microstructured resonator designs. By cancelling the coupling to free space through the use of different feedback symmetries and diffraction orders, a threshold reduction by almost an order of magnitude is demonstrated.
The introduction of mid-gap defect photonic states in an otherwise uniformly periodic
structure was studied in Distributed Bragg Reflector (DBR) resonators. This enabled
GaN diode pumped polymer lasers to be demonstrated, indicating that the transition
from complex excitation sources to more compact systems is possible. Devices for
potential applications in the field of optical communications are also explored by
demonstrating a polymer DBR laser based on silicon. In this way, the potential for
integrating conjugated polymers with silicon photonics is confirmed.
Photonic crystal fibres, which have a periodic microstructure in the transverse
direction, are explored as an alternative means for controlling the optical properties of organic lasers. Fluidic fibre organic lasers were demonstrated as efficient sources with good spectral purity. In these devices, mechanisms to tune the emission wavelength
were explored and the origin of the frequency selection mechanism was investigated.The author received a Wingate Scholarship for the Si experiments
