1,720,982 research outputs found
Psychological approaches to pain in Germany
No full textPain perception is a complex experience that entails somatic and psychological factors. This is especially true for chronic pain where increasing chronicity leads to a growing significance of psychological factors such as learning and memory processes or cognitive evaluation at the expense of nociceptive processes. Hardly any other area of health-related research and health care has such an interdisciplinary organization of research, treatment, and education. Psychological pain research and psychological treatment of pain have become specializations in their own right. For the future of this research area, a differential analysis of the contribution of psychological factors to chronicity is important. For a mechanism-oriented treatment, the development of new treatment approaches and the analysis of specific subgroups for a better differential indication of treatments is needed
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Pain Disability Index (PDI; Tait, R.C., Pollard, C.A., Margolis, R.B., Duckro, P.N. & Krause, S.J., 1987) - German version
No full textDer PDI kann bei Patienten mit chronischen Schmerzproblemen eingesetzt werden, um das subjektive Ausmaß an Beeinträchtigung durch die Schmerzproblematik im Alltag zu ermitteln. Er basiert auf einem multidimensionalen Konzept von schmerzbedingter Behinderung und greift dabei auf eine von der WHO (1980) vorgenommene Unterscheidung von Krankheits- und Verletzungsfolgen zurück, in der zwischen Schädigung, Behinderung und Benachteiligung differenziert wird. Erfasst werden sieben Lebensbereiche: (1) Familiäre und häusliche Verpflichtungen, (2) Erholung, (3) Soziale Aktivitäten, (4) Beruf, (5) Sexualleben, (6) Selbstversorgung und (7) Lebensnotwendige Tätigkeiten. Reliabilität: Cronbachs Alpha lag bei Alpha = .83-.90. Validität: Die Eindimensionalität des PDI wurde bestätigt. Die Konstruktvalidität wird durch moderate bis hohe Korrelationen mit den folgenden Indikatoren für die erlebte Behinderung belegt: (1) Down-Time: r = .40; (2) selbstentwickelte funktionale Einschätzungsskala zu Erfassung konkreter Verhaltensbeeinträchtigungen: r = .78; (3) Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire: r = .76. Es ergaben sich Zusammenhänge mit der Schmerzintensität (r = .23-.62), dem Beck-Depressionsinventar (r = .26-.52) und mit der der Depressionsskala CES-D (r = .55). Für die kriterienbezogene Validität sprechen auch Befunde an stationären Schmerzpatienten, denen auf Grundlage des Mainzer Stadienkonzeptes chronischer Schmerzen drei Chronifizierungsstadien zugeteilt wurden. Normen: Es liegen Prozentränge vor.The PDI can be used for patients with chronic pain problems to determine the subjective degree of impairment caused by pain problems in everyday life. It is based on a multidimensional concept of pain-related disability and draws on a distinction made by the WHO (1980) between the consequences of illness and injury, which differentiates between damage, disability and disadvantage. Seven areas of life are covered: (1) Family and domestic responsibilities, (2) Recreation, (3) Social activities, (4) Work, (5) Sex life, (6) Self-sufficiency and (7) Essential activities. Reliability: Cronbach's alpha was at alpha = .83-.90. Validity: The one-dimensionality of the PDI was confirmed. The construct validity is demonstrated by moderate to high correlations with the following indicators of disability experienced: (1) Down-Time: r = .40; (2) self-developed functional assessment scale for recording concrete behavioural impairments: r = .78; (3) Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire: r = .76. Correlations were found with pain intensity (r = .23-.62), the Beck depression inventory (r = .26-.52) and with the depression scale CES-D (r = .55). The criterion-related validity is also supported by findings in inpatients with pain who have been assigned three chronification stages based on the Mainz Concept of Chronic Pain. Standards: Percentile score is available.reviewedpublishedVersio
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire (CPAQ; McCracken, L.M., Vowles, K.E. & Eccleston, C., 2004) - German version
No full textDer Fragebogen dient der Messung von Aspekten der "Schmerzakzeptanz", definiert als "Bemühungen, das eigene Funktionsniveau trotz bestehender Einschränkungen zu erhalten sowie die Tendenz, Schmerzen nicht um jeden Preis vermeiden zu wollen" (Nilges et al., 2007, S. 60). Personen mit hoher Schmerzakzeptanz richten demnach ihren Aufmerksamkeitsfokus weniger auf den Schmerz und dessen Beseitigung als vielmehr auf Möglichkeiten, trotz gewisser schmerzbedingter Beeinträchtigungen aktiv am privaten, sozialen und beruflichen Leben teilzuhaben. Der CPAQ-D enthält 20 Aussagen, sich auf den Umgang mit bzw. die Bewertung von chronischen Schmerzen beziehen. Sie sind zu zwei Subskalen zusammengefasst: (1) Aktivitätsbereitschaft (AB; k = 10) und (2) Schmerzbereitschaft (SB; k = 8). Reliabilität: Cronbachs Alpha beträgt Alpha = .84-.87. Validität: Beide CPAQ-D-Subskalen und die Gesamtskala korrelierten moderat bis hoch negativ mit Indikatoren psychischer Belastung (z. B. ADS-L, HADS-D, CSQ, PDI, SES). Hingegen zeigten sich keine oder nur geringe Zusammenhänge mit weiteren Schmerzmaßen, z. B. dem Chronifizierungsstadium nach dem Mainzer Stadienkonzept chronischer Schmerzen, der sensorischen Schmerzintensität, der bisherigen Schmerzdauer in Jahren und weiteren Indikatoren der Schmerzintensität sowie experimentell erfassten Unterschieden in der thermischen Schmerzschwelle. Zudem ließ sich kein Zusammenhang zwischen der momentanen Schmerzstärke und der Schmerzakzeptanz nachweisen (r = .16).The questionnaire measures aspects of "pain acceptance", defined as "efforts to maintain one's own functional level despite existing limitations and the tendency not to want to avoid pain at all costs" (Nilges et al., 2007, p. 60). People with high pain acceptance therefore focus their attention less on pain and its elimination than on opportunities to actively participate in private, social and professional life despite certain pain-related impairments. The CPAQ-D contains 20 statements relating to the management and evaluation of chronic pain. They are grouped into two subscales: (1) Willingness in activity (k = 10) and (2) Willingness in pain (k = 8). Reliability: Cronbach's alpha is alpha = .84-.87. Validity: Both CPAQ-D subscales and the overall scale correlated moderately to highly negatively with indicators of mental stress (e.g. General Depression Scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale - German Version, Coping Strategies Questionnaire , PDI, SES). On the other hand, there were no or only minor correlations with other pain measures, e.g. the chronification stage according to the Mainz stage concept of chronic pain, sensory pain intensity, previous pain duration in years and other indicators of pain intensity as well as experimentally recorded differences in the thermal pain threshold. In addition, no correlation between the current pain intensity and pain acceptance could be demonstrated (r = .16).reviewedpublishedVersio
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