179 research outputs found
Literature Review of Disinfection Techniques For Water Treatment
No full textNilab Azim, University of Central Florida, USAngie Diaz, Amentum, USWenyan Li, Amentum, USTesia Irwin, The Bionetics Corporation, USLuz Calle, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, USMichael Callahan, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), USALiterature Review of Disinfection Techniques For Water TreatmentThe proceedings for the 2020 International Conference on Environmental Systems were published from July 31, 2020. The technical papers were not presented in person due to the inability to hold the event as scheduled in Lisbon, Portugal because of the COVID-19 global pandemic.Water treatment is a developing concern, both terrestrially and in spacecraft, as exploration missions extend in time and distance. Current biofilm control is limited for long-term applications. To optimize biocides for present and future space exploration vehicles, a thorough understanding of common and traditional disinfectant techniques is required. This review is focused on the three fundamental disinfection techniques: chemical, physical, and biological. Mechanisms, advantages, disadvantages, and specific properties of each major technique, as well as their studied effect on established biofilms, are also considered. This paper provides a general background on disinfectants and some information on effects on biofilms that can be useful to develop innovative ideas for state-of-the-art disinfection techniques for water treatment in specific environments, such as those currently posing mission risks as well as for future spacecraft water system development
Interview with Abd al-Azim Ramadan
No full textهذة المقابة مع الكاتب المؤرخ عبد العظيم رمضان، يتحدث عن التاريخ، الفرق بين التاريخ المعاصر عن الأنواع الأخرى. أجرت المقابلة درية شرف الدينIn this interview, Egyptian historian author Abd al-Azim Ramadan speaks about modern history and its types. The interview was conducted by Dorreya Sharaf al-Din
Polymer-based and Functionalized 3D Microelectrode Array (MEA) Biosensors
No full textMicrophysiological systems are three-dimensional (3D) in vitro systems that recapitulate crucial biological aspects of cell heterogeneity and native tissue architecture by mimicking complex structures that are impossible in two-dimensional (2D) cell cultures. Microelectrode arrays (MEAs) are biosensors used to spatially and temporally monitor the activity of microphysiological systems by transducing cellular signals into electronic signals to provide quantitative data on the in vitro system. Conventional MEAs are typically planar in nature, however, 3D MEAs offer several advantages such as better simulation of an in vivo cellular environment and improved signal-to-noise ratio and cell-electrode coupling. MEA fabrication utilizing traditional cleanroom methods is rather extensive, expensive, and specialized, therefore this thesis presents a transition from 2D MEAs fabricated via the cleanroom approach to 3D MEAs fabricated via the makerspace approach utilizing polymers. The first study in the thesis discussed the fabrication and characterization of 2D MEA devices using cleanroom methods and investigated post-processing methods to address limitations that arise for planar devices. The next study introduced the makerspace approach, where benchtop techniques were used to successfully fabricate and characterize a fully functional 3D MEA. A subsequent study investigated another benchtop method to define an electrical insulation using a pour-spin method of polystyrene solution. However, there was a challenge of adhesion of the PS to the substrate, which was improved by both utilizing another type of printer and functionalizing these surfaces with polydopamine. In the final study of the thesis, a benchtop technique called electrospinning was used to define synthetic polymer-based nanofibers atop of the 3D MEAs to simulate extracellular matrices as well as demonstrate their potential as drug delivery systems. This thesis demonstrates the highly versatile nature of makerspace microfabrication utilizing polymers to allow for new processes that offer advanced functionalities when producing microdevices such as 3D MEAs interfacing with microphysiological systems
Book review: the reflective teacher - case studies of action research
No full textThe author, Neeraja Raghavan, has for several years now pursued her passion for education and has done extensive work in teaching children and in teacher education. In this, her latest, book, she has systematically captured all the experiences and learnings that emerged during the five months (August-December 2013) of action research taken up by eight teachers and the Principal of Azim Premji School in Dineshpur, Uttarakhand. As principal investigator, she anchored this action research project, which was facilitated by members from Azim Premji Foundation
Microgravity Effect on Bacterial Growth: Further Clarification of the Underlying Mechanism
No full textWenyan Li, NASA Kennedy Space Center, USAAngie Diaz, NASA Kennedy Space Center, USATesia Irwin, NASA Kennedy Space Center, USANilab Azim, NASA Kennedy Space Center, USAAubrie O'Rourke, NASA Kennedy Space Center, USAICES303: Physico-Chemical Life Support- Water Recovery & Management Systems- Technology and Process DevelopmentThe 53rd International Conference on Environmental Systems was held in Louisville, Kentucky, USA, on 21 July 2024 through 25 July 2024.Gravity interacts with other physical environmental factors to impact the formation of today's Earth and contribute to biological variations between water and land species. Microbes, with their simple structures and small sizes, are expected to be less gravity-sensitive than larger species. However, microgravity can greatly impact the mass transfer and interface behavior in the extracellular environment, and various effects of spaceflight on bacterial growth have been observed. Our earlier literature review summarizes the systematic efforts to understand the spaceflight effect on microbial growth through the extracellular mass transfer mechanism and provides an in-depth literature review to address some discrepancies observed in the literature. This paper analyzes the effects of microgravity on the extracellular environment, and their potential effect on bacterial growth, to further clarify the underlying mechanism of the microgravity effect on bacterial growth
Contract Teachers in India: Recent trends and current status
No full textThis study is conducted by ERU Consultants Private Limited, New Delhi with support from Azim Premji University. The analysis and opinions expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and may not represent the view of the Azim Premji University. This publication may be reproduced by any method without fee for teaching or nonprofit purposes. The publication shall not be used for commercial purposes. Rights are reserved under Creative Common Licence. Any derivative works shall also be protected under the same license. Rights are reserved under Creative Common Licence: Attribution + Non-Commercial + Share Alike. For copying in any other circumstances, or for re-use in other publications, or for translation or adaptation, prior written permission must be obtained from the publisher
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History of Islamic economic thought ::contributions of Muslim scholars to economic thought and analysis /
No full textThis unique book highlights the contributions made by Muslim scholars to economic thought throughout history, a topic that has received relatively little attention in mainstream economics. Abdul Azim Islahi discusses various ways in which Muslim ideas reached the European West, influencing scholars and helping to form the foundations of modern economic ideas and theories. Early chapters outline the foundations of Islamic economic thought and describe three distinct phases of its development over time. The author then identifies key theories and tenets of modern economics - including value; market and pricing; production and distribution; money and interest; and the economic role of the state - and explores the influence of Muslim scholarly thought on each. The concluding chapter highlights the importance of further exploration of the topic and offers insightful recommendations for future research. This fascinating book will be of great interest to students and scholars of both the history of economic thought and Islamic economics
History of Islamic economic thought ::contributions of Muslim scholars to economic thought and analysis /
No full textThis unique book highlights the contributions made by Muslim scholars to economic thought throughout history, a topic that has received relatively little attention in mainstream economics. Abdul Azim Islahi discusses various ways in which Muslim ideas reached the European West, influencing scholars and helping to form the foundations of modern economic ideas and theories. Early chapters outline the foundations of Islamic economic thought and describe three distinct phases of its development over time. The author then identifies key theories and tenets of modern economics - including value; market and pricing; production and distribution; money and interest; and the economic role of the state - and explores the influence of Muslim scholarly thought on each. The concluding chapter highlights the importance of further exploration of the topic and offers insightful recommendations for future research. This fascinating book will be of great interest to students and scholars of both the history of economic thought and Islamic economics
Anno's magic seeds: A review of the story from the perspective of use in the mathematics classroom
No full textAnno's Magic Seeds is a children's story book written in 1992 by Mitsumasa Anno (1926-2020), a mathematics teacher and famous children's book author and illustrator from Japan. He was a trained primary school teacher and a self-taught artist who illustrated more than 300 children’s books. His training and keen interest in Mathematics reflects both in the narrative as well the illustrations of the story Anno's Magic seeds. It makes reading this story a fascinating mathematical experience and engagement (for both children and adults)
Silver Foam: A Novel Approach for Long-Term Passive Dosing of Biocide in Spacecraft Potable Water Systems – Update 2023
No full textTesia Irwin , NASA Kennedy Space Center, USAAngie Diaz , NASA Kennedy Space Center, USAJennifer Gooden , NASA Kennedy Space Center, USAMary Hummerick , NASA Kennedy Space Center, USAWenyan Li , NASA Kennedy Space Center, USANilab Azim , NASA Kennedy Space Center, USADeborah Essumang , NASA Kennedy Space Center, USAMichael Callahan , NASA Johnson Space Center, USAICES303: Physio-Chemical Life Support- Water Recovery & Management Systems- Technology and Process DevelopmentThe 52nd International Conference on Environmental Systems was held in Calgary, Canada, on 16 July 2023 through 20 July 2023.A spacecraft water disinfection system that suitable for extended length space exploration, should prevent or control the growth of microbes, prevent or limit biofilm formation, and prevent microbiologically influenced corrosion. In addition, the system should have minimal maintenance requirements, be chemically compatible with all materials in contact with the water, be safe for human consumption, and be suitable to be shared across international spacecraft platforms and mission architectures. Ionic silver is a proven broad-spectrum potable water biocide under investigation for future exploration missions. The competing technology for dosing silver ions in future water systems is based on actively dosing the ions via electrolytic production. Several challenges with this approach have prompted additional investigations into alternative dosing techniques. Controlled-release technology is an attractive option for developing a high-reliability passive silver dosing device. This paper describes the continued development of a nanoparticle/polyurethane (NP/PU) composite foam for the controlled release of silver ions, and is intended to build upon the 2022 International Conference on Environmental Systems (ICES) paper number 97. This paper provides the technical background and performance test results of ongoing long-term silver ion release testing, microbial check valve (MCV) function, and disinfection function during system dormancy from the silver chloride (AgCl) NP/PU composite foams. The ultimate goal of the project is to develop a stable and reliable passive dosing silver ion release device for use in future spacecraft potable water systems
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