131 research outputs found
Mittesündroomsete suulõhede geneetiline eelsoodumus
No full textVäitekirja elektrooniline versioon ei sisalda publikatsioone.Mittesündroomsete suulõhede geneetilise tausta uuringus teostati assotsiatsioonanalüüsid 590 SNPga, mis valiti 40 kraniofatsiaalses morfogeneesis ja palatogeneesis osalevast kandidaatgeenist. Uuringurühma moodustasid 404 huulelõhe ning huule- ja suulaelõhega (CL/P) või suulaelõhega (CP) patsienti ning 606 populatsioonipõhist kontrollindiviidi Eesti, Läti ja Leedu populatsioonist. Mainitud kolme populatsiooni geneetiline lähedus on leidnud veenvat kinnitust PCA meetodiga. Käesolevas töös näitasime, et FGF1, FOXE1, TIMP2 ja WNT9B geenide järjestuse variandid on seotud mittesündroomse CL/P ning COL2A1, COL11A2, IRF6 ja WNT3 geenide järjestuse variandid on seotud mittesündroomse CP geneetilise eelsoodumusega Eesti, Läti ja Leedu ühendpopulatsioonis. Lisaks replitseerisime GWAS uuringutes kirjeldatud genoomselt tähendusrikkad assotsiatsioonid 8q24.21 ja 10q25.3 kromosoomilookuste ning CL/P vahel Eesti populatsioonis ning näitasime, et MSX1 ja MTHFR geenide järjestuse variandid on seotud mittesündroomse CL/P geneetilise eelsoodumusega Eesti populatsioonis.
Saadud tulemused annavad tõendust FGF ja Wnt signaalradades osalevate geenide olulisusele nii CL/P kui ka CP etioloogias ning näitavad geen-geen interaktsioonide tähtsust suulõhede patogeneesis. Suurem osa mittesündroomsete suulõhede geneetilisest taustast on siiani avastamata ning uueks väljakutseks on läbi viia eelpoolkirjeldatud regioonide detailne geneetiline kaardistamine tegelike riskiseoseliste variantide funktsionaalsete efektide kindlakstegemiseks ning kraniofatsiaalses patoloogias osalevate erinevate signaalradade molekulaarsete mehhanismide täpsemaks selgitamiseks. Sellised suuremahulised resekveneerimisuuringud annavad parimaid tulemusi uurimiskeskuste ja biopankade rahvusvahelises koostöös, kus on kaasatud täpselt määratletud fenotüübiga patsientide kohordid ning suured kontrollindiviidide rühmad erineva etnilise taustaga populatsioonides.In order to describe the genetic determinants of nonsyndromic orofacial clefting we analyzed 590 haplotype-tagging SNPs in 40 candidate genes in a previously uncharacterized clefting sample from North-Eastern Europe which included Estonians, Latvians and Lithuanians. The genetic relatedness of these three populations has been confirmed using the principal component analysis. The study sample was comprised of 404 patients and 606 population-based controls. We demonstrated that variation in FGF1, FOXE1, TIMP2, and WNT9B genes contributes susceptibility to nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) and variation in COL2A1, COL11A2, IRF6, and WNT3 genes contributes susceptibility to nonsyndromic cleft palate in Estonians, Latvians and Lithuanians. In a follow-up study of the reported genome-wide significant associations from recent GWA studies we replicated associations between 8q24.21 and 10q25.3 locus and CL/P in an Estonian case-control sample. Our results also show that genetic variants in MSX1 and MTHFR genes contribute risk to nonsyndromic CL/P in Estonians. In addition, our results underline the importance of the FGF and Wnt signaling pathway genes in the etiology of both CL/P and CP, and pinpoint the importance of gene-gene interactions in the development of clefts.
The majority of genetic variants predisposing to nonsyndromic oral clefts are yet to be discovered and larger samples from different ethnicities and precisely phenotyped cohorts of patients are required for comprehensive sequencing-based studies of the above-mentioned regions which are targeting in addition to common SNPs also rare single nucleotide variants to account for more of the ‘missing’ heritability. The most benefitial approach in these studies will be collaboration between clefting research centers and population-based biobanks
A multi-factor approach to understanding socio-economic segregation in European capital cities
No full textThe research leading to the results presented in this chapter has received funding from the Estonian Research Council (Institutional Research Grant IUT no. 2–17 on Spatial Population Mobility and Geographical Changes in Urban Regions); European Research Council under the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP/2007-2013) / ERC Grant Agreement no. 615159 (ERC Consolidator Grant DEPRIVEDHOODS, Socio-spatial Inequality, Deprived Neighbourhoods, and Neighbourhood Effects); and from the Marie Curie programme under the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP/2007-2013) / Career Integration Grant no. PCIG10-GA-2011-303728 (CIG Grant NBHCHOICE, Neighbourhood Choice, Neighbourhood Sorting, and Neighbourhood Effects).Growing inequalities in Europe, even in the most egalitarian countries, are a major challenge threatening the sustainability of urban communities and the competiveness of European cities. Surprisingly, though, there is a lack of systematic representative research on the spatial dimension of rising inequalities. This is filled by our book project Socio-Economic Segregation in European Capital Cities: East Meets West, with empirical evidence from Amsterdam, Athens, Budapest, London, Madrid, Milan, Oslo, Prague, Riga, Stockholm, Tallinn, Vienna and Vilnius. This introductory chapter outlines the background to this international comparative research and introduces a multi-factor approach to studying socio-economic segregation. The chapter focuses on four underlying universal structural factors: social inequalities, global city status, welfare regime and housing system. Based on these factors, we propose a hypothetical ranking segregation levels in the thirteen case study cities. As the conclusions of this show, the hypothetical ranking and the actual ranking of cities by segregation levels only match partly; the explanation for this can be sought in context-specific factors which will be discussed in-depth in each of the case study chapters
Rising Inequalities and a Changing Social Geography of Cities: An Introduction to the Global Segregation Book
No full textThe book “Urban Socio-Economic Segregation and Income Inequality: a Global Perspective” investigates the link between income inequality and residential segregation between socio-economic groups in 24 large cities and their urban regions in Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, North America, and South America. Author teams with in-depth local knowledge provide an extensive analysis of each case study city. Based on their findings, the main results of the book can be summarised as follows. Rising inequalities lead to rising levels of socio-economic segregation almost everywhere in the world. Levels of inequality and segregation are higher in cities in lower income countries, but the growth in inequality and segregation is faster in cities in high-income countries, which leads to a convergence of global trends. In many cities the workforce is professionalising, with an increasing share of the top socio-economic groups. In most cities the high-income workers are moving to the centre or to attractive coastal areas, and low-income workers are moving to the edges of the urban region. In some cities, mainly in lower income countries, high-income workers are also concentrating in out-of-centre enclaves or gated communities. The urban geography of inequality changes faster and is more pronounced than city-wide single-number segregation indices reveal. Taken together, these findings have resulted in the formulation of a Global Segregation Thesis.UrbanismUrban Studie
Estonian-English Glossary of Aquaculture
No full textSõnastik / GlossaryVesiviljelus (aquaculture) on kiiresti laienev ja arenev kalanduse
haru, kus pidevalt lisandub uusi tehnoloogiaid ja nendega seotud
termineid. Selle valdkonna eestikeelset oskussõnavara võib laialipillatult
leida õpikutest, andmebaasidest ja Vikipeediast. Paraku
on eestikeelsed õpikud vananenud ja neis sisalduv terminoloogia
põhineb tihti venekeelsete mõistete ülevõtmisel. Vesiviljeluse terminite
andmebaasi veel pole. Eestikeelset terminoloogiat vajavad
aga vesiviljelust alustavad ettevõtjad, riigiametnikud, Euroopa
Liidu direktiivide tõlkijad ja ajakirjanikud, Eesti Maaülikoolis,
Eesti Mereakadeemias ja Järvamaa Kutsehariduskeskuses vesiviljelust
õppivad üliõpilased (õppematerjalide tõlkimisel ja referaatide
koostamisel) ning ka neid õpetavad õppejõud. Käesoleva
sõnastiku koostamise eesmärgiks oligi koondada eesti- ja ingliskeelsed
vesiviljelusterminid tõlkimist hõlbustavasse süsteemi ja
anda neile sisuline seletus.
Ükski sõnastik ei saa olla entsüklopeedia, mis hõlmaks põhjalike
selgitustega kogu vaadeldavat valdkonda. See kehtib ka siinse
sõnastiku ja vesiviljeluse kohta, millel on kokkupuutepunkte nii
bioloogiaga (nt ihtüoloogia, veekogude ökoloogia, geneetika,
arengubioloogia) kui ka tehnika, veterinaarmeditsiini, söötmisteaduse,
hüdrokeemia ja teiste erialadega. Seepärast sisaldab sõnastik
iga termini puhul vaid vesiviljelusega seotud vasteid ja seletust,
jättes kõrvale paralleeltähendused ja üldisemad mõisted. Loomulikult
on vesiviljelusega seotud terminite nimekiri palju pikem
siintoodust. Sõnastiku koostamisel lähtus autor oma kogemustest
üliõpilaste juhendamisel ja küsimustest, mis on kogunenud algajaid
kalakasvatajaid nõustades. Seetõttu sisaldab sõnastik ka palju
tavalisi sõnu, mille vasteid leiab üldsõnastikest, kuid seletuse osa
aitab mõista nende sisu vesiviljeluse seisukohalt. Tihti puuduvad
eesti keeles ingliskeelsele terminile vastavad lühikesed väljendid
ja vastupidi, mistõttu mõnikord tuli kasutada mitmesõnalisi väljendeid.
Sõnastiku mõistete seletustes puuduvad vesiviljeluse
tootmise praegust seisu kajastavad arvandmed, sest need muutuvad
iga aastaga. Selle asemel on kasutatud üldhinnanguid, nagu
„suure tähtsusega“ või „väheses mahus“.
Loodan, et sõnaraamat on abiks kõigile, kelle huvid on seotud
vesiviljelusega. Tagasiside, märkused ja soovitused, mis aitaksid
sõnastikku edaspidi paremaks muuta, on igati teretulnud.
Suur tänu abi eest sõnastiku koostamisel Marje Aidile ja teistele
Eesti Maaülikooli vesiviljeluse osakonna töötajatele!
Sõnastiku koostamist rahastas Euroopa Merendus- ja Kalandusfond
Tartu Ülikooli Eesti Mereinstituudi kalanduse teabekeskuse
kaudu.
Tiit Paaver
Eesti Maaülikooli emeriitprofessor
Tartu, 2017Aquaculture is a fast developing branch of management of live
resources of water environment. Its technology gets modernized
continuously and new terms arise every year, while the basic
terminology in biology, veterinary medicine, nutrition science
etc. has remained the same during many years. In Estonia the
complete dictionary of aquaculture is still missing. Old Estonian
textbooks contain usually some fragments of it or are out-of-date
and based on Russian terminology. However, we need in Estonia
a modern Estonian-English dictionary covering opportunities of
translation in both directions and explaining the essence of the
terms. Certainly the students, scientists and administrators need
the information for translating the Estonian terms into internationally
accepted context in English. Administrators, journalists,
translators of regulations of European Union also need to
know the Estonian terms of the aquaculture and their essence. At
the same time students, teachers and fish farmers need to know
English terms and their meaning to translate articles, textbooks,
regulations etc. Compiling of the dictionary was especially difficult because many terms in Estonian do not have precisely
corresponding short equivalent in English, while some words in
English have very broad and ambiguous meaning. Based on the
experience of author in teaching aquaculture and consulting of
the beginners in aquaculture, the list of terms which may be of
help for reader has been assembled, although the needed number
of them is much higher. The data about current aquaculture production
volumes are missing from the dictionary, because they
change every year.
I do hope that the dictionary will be of help for many people
working in the field of aquaculture.
My sincere thanks to my colleagues in the department of aquaculture
of EULS, especially to Marje Aid for help in preparing the
manuscript.
The glossary was compiled in the department of aquaculture of
Estonian University of Life Sciences. The glossary was financed
by Fisheries Information Center from the European Maritime
and Fisheries Fund.
Any suggestions or corrections considering this dictionary are
welcome.
Tiit Paaver
Professor emeritus of Estonian University of Life Sciences
Tartu, 201
Meeleolu- ja ärevushäirete kujunemise geneetiline komponent:21 neurotransmissiooniseoselise kandidaatgeeni polümorfismide analüüs
No full text⚘ Marginal spaces of the city: structures and images ☀ Olga Lavrenova
No full textAllow yourself to wonder... and traverse shapes and shades at the rims of urban settings.
This event, commented by Tiit Remm (International Association for Semiotics of Space and Time) and chaired by Yulia Nikitenko (Institute for Philosophical Studies), is part of the activities of the 2022 International Open Seminar on Semiotics: a Tribute to John Deely on the Fifth Anniversary of His Passing, cooperatively organized by the Institute for Philosophical Studies of the Faculty of Arts and Humanities of the University of Coimbra, the Lyceum Institute, the Deely Project, Saint Vincent College, the Iranian Society for Phenomenology at the Iranian Political Science Association, the International Association for Semiotics of Space and Time, the Institute for Scientific Information on Social Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Semiotic Society of America, the American Maritain Association, the International Association for Semiotic Studies, the International Society for Biosemiotic Studies, the International Center for Semiotics and Intercultural Dialogue, Moscow State Academic University for the Humanities and the Mansarda Acesa with the support of the FCT - Foundation for Science and Technology, I.P., of the Ministry of Science, Technology and Higher Education of the Government of Portugal under the UID/FIL/00010/2020 project.
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Olga Lavrenova (1969), Russian geographer, philosopher, historian. DSc (Philosophy), PhD (Geography). She is a leading researcher of the Institute for Scientific Information on Social Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences (INION RAN, in Russian), professor at the National University of Science and Technology (MISiS) and at the GITR Film and Television School. She is also Deputy Director for Science at the Nicholas Roerich Museum of the International Centre of the Roerichs, President of the International Association for Semiotics of Space and Time (IASSp+T, Switzerland), and Honorary Member of the Russian Academy of Arts. Fulbright grantee (2021) at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and the University of Texas at Austin. Author of over 180 publications, including the monograph: Spaces and Meanings: Semantics of the Cultural Landscape (Springer, 2019). She is the author of the long-term interdisciplinary scientific project “The Geography of Art” (since 1992, 10 collections were published and 7 conferences were held). The project considers the territorial problems of culture and art, reflected in the art of the geographical space, the role of regional factors in the formation of art schools and artworks. Particular attention is given to topics such as artistic perception of the cultural landscape, the place of art in shaping the cultural landscape and the image of the territory, as well as the concepts of space in works of art. She is also the author of the long-term interdisciplinary scientific project “Russia and the East: the interaction in art” (since 2018, 2 conferences were held and 1 collection was published).
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Tiit Remm is a researcher of semiotics and director of curricula in semiotics in the University of Tartu. His research is focused on sociosemiotics and semiotics of space, particularly on urban semiotics and the use of spatial environment and spatial concepts for societal management as well as semiotic aspects of spatial modelling in humanities and social sciences in more general. He defended his dissertation "Sociocultural Space: Spatial Modelling and the Sociocultural World" in 2015.
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Homepage: https://www.uc.pt/fluc/uidief/io2s
Auditorium: https://www.uc.pt/fluc/uidief/io2s/auditorium
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Technical support assured by Robert Junqueira.
The cover image for the video was designed by Zahra Soltani
Lessons learned from a pan-European study of large housing estates : origin, trajectories of change and future prospects
No full textThe research leading to this work has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement number 655601. Support also came from three grants from the Estonian Research Council: Institutional Research Grant IUT2-17 on Spatial Population Mobility and Geographical Changes in Urban Regions, Infotechnological Mobility Observatory, and RITA-Ränne. The European Research Council funded this research under the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP/2007-2013)/ERC [Grant Agreement No. 615159] (ERC Consolidator Grant DEPRIVEDHOODS, Socio-spatial inequality, deprived neighbourhoods, and neighbourhood effects).Mid-twentieth-century large housing estates, which can be found all over Europe, were once seen as modernist urban and social utopias that would solve a variety of urban problems. Since their construction, many large housing estates have become poverty concentrating neighbourhoods, often with large shares of immigrants. In Northern and Western Europe, an overlap of ethnic, social and spatial disadvantages have formed as ethnic minorities, often living on low incomes, settle in the most affordable segments of the housing market. The aim of this introductory chapter is to synthesise empirical evidence about the changing fortunes of large housing estates in Europe. The evidence comes from 14 cities—Athens, Berlin, Birmingham, Brussels, Budapest, Bucharest, Helsinki, Madrid, Milan, Paris, Moscow, Prague, Stockholm and Tallinn—and is synthesised into 10 takeaway messages. Findings suggest that large housing estates are now seen as more attractive in Eastern Europe than in Western Europe. The chapter also provides a diverse set of visions and concrete intervention measures that may help to improve the fortunes of large housing estates and their residents
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