1,720,966 research outputs found
The influence of the medical profession on the National Health Service of Greece, 1983-2001.
Full text linkGreece has experienced three major Health Care Reforms since 1974, in 1983, 1992 and 2001.The common characteristic of all three has been that they have still not realized their aims and objectives. One explanation for the puzzling failure may lie in the way structural institutions shape and are being shaped by the main actors in the health arena in Greece. Furthermore, this study argues that health policy-making is dependent on broader policy making and on decisions or non decisions that have already been made in the past. Within this context, there are several embedded interests, such as the medical profession and its trade unions, civil servants and social insurance funds, which benefit from the failure of any reform, and are in favour of the preservation of the status quo, ignoring the dissatisfaction of the Greek citizens with the health services they receive.
The aim of this study is to reveal the influence of the main actors in the system, with particular reference to the medical profession, through careful and in-depth analysis of the series of reforms. The strongest focus will be on the most recent reforms of 2001. Documentary collection and interviews with key informants (participants and representatives of organizations/interests) in the Greek Health Care System, were undertaken and analyzed, using the most suitable framework derived from historical institutionalism
The influence of the medical profession on the National Health Service of Greece, 1983-2001
Full text linkGreece has experienced three major Health Care Reforms since 1974, in 1983,1992 and 2001.The common characteristic of all three has been that they have still not realized their aims and objectives. One explanation for the puzzling failure may lie in the way structural institutions shape and are being shaped by the main actors in the health arena in Greece. Furthermore, this study argues that health policy-making is dependent on broader policy making and on decisions or non decisions that have already been made in the past. W.ithin this context, there are several embedded interests, such as the medical profession and its trade unions, civil servants and social insurance funds, which benefit from the failure of any reform, and are in favour of the preservation of the status quo, ignoring the dissatisfaction of the Greek citizens with the health services they receive. The aim of this study is to reveal the influence of the main actors in the system, with particular reference to the medical profession, through careful and in-depth analysis of the series of reforms. The strongest focus will be on the most recent reforms of 2001. Documentary collection and interviews with key informants (participants and representatives of organizations/interests) in the Greek Health Care System, were undertaken and analyzed, using the most suitable framework derived from historical institutionalism.EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Can existing theories of health care reform explain the Greek case (1983—2001)?
No full textGreece has enacted three major health care reforms since the National Health System (NHS) was established in 1983. These reforms were designed to improve the system's ability to realize its founding principles of equity and efficiency in the delivery and financing of health services. This article presents an early report of ongoing doctoral research that aims to examine the relative influence of medical professional organizations versus other interests on these reforms. The article outlines three theoretical frameworks for understanding the health care system and the role of the medical profession within it in order to establish which best explains the nature and extent of health care reform. These frameworks are: sociological theories of professions; historical institutionalism; and structural interest theory
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Η επιρροή των ιατρών (του ιατρικού επαγγέλματος) στο Εθνικό Σύστημα Υγείας της Ελλάδας, 1983-2001.
No full textGreece has experienced three major Health Care Reforms since 1974, in 1983, 1992 and 2001. The common characteristic of all three has been that they have still not realized their aims and objectives. One explanation for the puzzling failure may lie in the way structural institutions shape and are being shaped by the main actors in the health arena in Greece. Furthermore, this study argues that health policy-making is dependent on broader policy making and on decisions or non decisions that have already been made in the past. Within this context, there are several embedded interests, such as the medical profession and its trade unions, civil servants and social insurance funds, which benefit from the failure of any reform, and are in favour of the preservation of the status quo, ignoring the dissatisfaction of the Greek citizens with the health services they receive. Three theoretical frameworks for understanding the health care system and the role of the medical profession within it are explored: sociological theories of professions; historical institutionalism; and structural interest theory, to see which best explains the nature and extent of health care reform. All three have the virtue of focusing to differing degrees on how institutions reflect the imprint of interest group activity and, conversely, how the resultant institutions shape the relative influence and way of acting of dominant interests, (i.e. the medical profession, and particularly hospital and university doctors). Explanatory analysis proved that historical institutionalism offers the greatest potential to explain the outcome of health care reforms from 1983 to 2001. The empirical evidence of this thesis (documentary collection and interviews with key informants (participants and representatives of organizations/interests) in the Greek Health Care System, were undertaken and analyzed, using the most suitable framework derived from historical institutionalism) strongly supports the argument that health care reform in Greece is path-dependent because the parliamentary and government process allows the main actors in the system, such as hospital doctors and university doctors, to shape any reforms so as to maintain the status quo. The role of institutions is crucial in explaining this - in particular, the development of Greek society, the resultant nature of the Greek state and the related peculiarities of its Welfare State. The extensive historical narratives of the three periods of recent system reforms shows how vested interests, such as the trade unions of already privileged group and, the medical profession (junior hospital doctors, senior hospital doctors and university doctors) have been able to exploit party-to-person clientelism, the absence of political consensus on the type and the character of reforms, the administrative and financial weaknesses of the state, institutional fragmentation and a weak collective culture to impede the establishment of a universal health insurance system.Το Ελληνικό κράτος έχει προσπαθήσει να μεταρρυθμίσει το σύστημα υγείας στην Ελλάδα τρείς φορές μετά τη σύσταση του ΕΣΥ το 1983. Οι μεταρρυθμίσεις σχεδιάστηκαν με απώτερο στόχο να εκπληρωθούν οι θεμελιώδεις αρχές της αποδοτικότητας και ισότητας στη παροχή υπηρεσιών υγείας. Η διδακτορική μου διατριβή μελετά την επιρροή του ιατρικού κλάδου και των οργανώσεων των ιατρών και άλλων συμφερόντων στις μεταρρυθμίσεις του Ελληνικού συστήματος υγείας από το 1983 έως το 2001. Η διεθνής βιβλιογραφία περιέχει μια πλειάδα θεωριών μέσω των οποίων γίνονται κατανοητές οι βασικές αρχές και λειτουργίες των συστημάτων υγείας και ο ρόλος του ιατρικού κλάδου μέσα σε αυτά. Οι κυριότερες είναι: (1) Κοινωνιολογικές θεωρίες περί συντεχνιών/επαγγελματιών (sociological theories of professions), (2) Η θεωρία των ιστορικών θεσμικών καθεστώτων (historical institutionalism), και (3) Η θεωρία των συστεμικών συμφερόντων (structural interest theory). Αν και κάθε προαναφερόμενη θεωρία έχει κάτι να πρσφέρει στην ανάλυση η οποία εμπεριέχεται στο διδακτορικό μου, η ΄΄θεωρία των θεσμικών καθεστώτων’’ είναι αυτή η οποία προσφέρει την καλύτερη επεξήγηση των μεταρρυθμίσεων του Ελληνικού συστήματος υγείας και των μειονεκτημάτων τους. Πιο συγκεκριμένα το ΕΣΥ παρουσιάζει ιδιαίτερα χαρακτηριστικά που έχουν άμεση σχέση με το πώς το Ελληνικό Κράτος Πρόνοιας έχει εξελιχθεί στην μεταδικτατορική εποχή (μετά το 1974). Η αναλύση των στοιχείων που συνέλεξα μέσω συνεντεύξεων και αρχειακού υλικού αποδεικνύει ότι η κύρια εξήγηση για την πορεία των μεταρρυθμίσεων του ΕΣΥ μετά το 1983, προέρχεται από την ύπαρξη συστεμικών θεσμικών καθεστώτων τα οποία επιτρέπουν σε εδραίες ομάδες συμφερόντων, π.χ. του ιατρικού κλάδου και όχι μόνο, να επωφεληθούν από την διατήρηση του status quo και εν τέλει να καταφέρουν να καταστήσουν τις όποιες μεταρρυθμίσεις κένα γράμματα. Αυτό αποδεικνύεται περίτρανα στις μεταρρυθμιστικές απόπειρες όλων των κυβερνήσεων μετά το 1983. Ειδικά για τις μεταρρυθμίσεις των δεκαετιών 1980, 1990 και 2000 παρέχεται ενδελεχές πρωτογενές και δευτερογενές αρχειακό και προφορικό υλικό για την ανασύστασή και επεξήγησή τους
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