6 research outputs found
Women in heterodox communities
No full textThe author considers women’s ministry in heterodox communities of early Christian time. The author notes that the insufficient of sources (the testimonies of Church historians, apologists, epigraphic stuff and etc) did not reveal this problem completely. The article aims to point out some features of heterodox women’s ministry of early Christian time. The author notes women’s activity was emotional. Women in heterodox communities could sufficiently high social status, which might be related to their noble birth or wealth. The heretical communities contained hierarchy of women’s ministries: deaconesses, female priests and the prophetesses leaded the Church community or influenced its life. In heterodox communities women could preach, celebrate Liturgy, baptize, prophecy. Arguments of Christian authors claimed that the women are materially adds through these gifts and led a wicked lifestyle, and they predictions proved false. Radical montanist’s movements formed a new model of women’s behavior breaking late antiquity as well as early Christian view of the woman as a person dependent on men and subordinate to him. Not only a violation of Church’s establishments, but also the independence of women, their desire to preach, as the apostles, and fulfilment of Church sacraments did not fit the public opinion about a woman of that time. The gospel preaching about the ontological men’s and women’s equality in God preceded its time and does not fully fitting into the social situation of the late antiquity
Архитектурные истоки высокого русского иконостаса
No full textThis article traces the architectural evolution of the high Russian iconostasis from its Byzantine origins to its canonical form in the 15th century. Challenging earlier views that treat its development as static, the study identifies six key stages, emphasizing the rapid transformation of altar screens in Novgorod, Pskov, and Moscow. The author argues that the high iconostasis emerged from the convergence of three traditions: the enlargement of icons (a Russian innovation), the multiplication of icon tiers (from Constantinople), and the closure of altar screens with solid walls (influenced by Latin West via the Balkans)
Depression: Can we predict who will relapse?
No full textThis thesis addresses risk factors and proposed mechanisms to explain relapse to depression. Volume 1 comprises three parts: Part 1 is a literature review consisting of meta-reviews of systematic and non-systematic reviews of studies reporting on risk factors for relapse to depression, and a systematic-review of neuroimaging and experimental studies investigating risk factors for relapse and potential mechanisms of action of these risk factors. The reviews found that only residual symptoms of depression at the end of treatment and childhood maltreatment were sufficiently evidenced as predictors of relapse and neither have great clinical utility. A number of psychological and neuropsychological factors were suggested to play a role in conferring risk for relapse. Considering the inter-relationships between these factors the reviews were used to propose a conceptual framework which may be used to help guide future research into relapse to depression in adults. Part 2 is an empirical paper in which data were analysed from service users of a primary care mental health service to identify risk factors for relapse and for the presence of residual symptoms, and survival analysis methods were used to determine when relapses occur most often and what factors impact survival. In addition, a prospective cohort study was formed to investigate the relationship between cognitive control and depressive symptoms. The findings confirmed that cognitive control can be used to predict residual symptoms of depression post-treatment and therefore potentially to predict relapse. Part 3 is a critical appraisal focussing on the theoretical reasons as to why studying relapse in a manner as used in the prospective study is so important and discusses the logistical difficulties conducting such research in the current context of NHS services and of the D.Clin.Psy research project. Methodological decisions made that impacted upon the research process are discussed and reflective conclusions are offered
Перспективы развития новых моделей франчайзинга в России
No full textPurpose: the main goal of the article is to define the development perspectives of the new franchising models in Russia (specifically quasifranchising, freedom franchising and branchising). To achieve this the following tusks should be completed: to define the specific characteristics of the following models as well as the factors which influenced their occurrence; to question Russian franchisors in order to understand their desire to develop their business under the new franchising models; to identify the key development possibilities of the new franchising models in Russia based on the gathered data. Methods: the article was prepared with the help of theoretical as well as economic analysis. Moreover, the series of the formalized telephone interviews with the Russian businessmen were conducted by the author. Based on the results gathered the conclusions on the development perspectives of the new franchising models in Russia were drawn. Results: currently new franchising models are conquering the Russian market. In comparison to the classical franchising model new franchising models are riskier for the franchisor due to the certain freedom available to franchisees. Quasifranchising, which is based on the business model transfer without the brand transfer, is suitable for the young concepts and for the franchisors seeking for the increasing number of franchisees. Freedom franchising enabling assortment and outlook variety of the point of contact is a good alternative for the franchisees who struggle for individuality even in the boundaries of the franchise as well as for the franchisors looking for the franchisees of that kind. Finally, branchising, which means franchisor’s and franchisee’s co-investment, is applicable for the franchises with high level of investments needed. Conclusions and Relevance: the materials of the article show the certain place of the new franchising models on the Russian market. They make it possible to adjust the business model to the changing social and economic realities. New franchising models are recommended in those business spheres where the variability of the non-key business aspects is possible as well as for the young concepts seeking their place on the market. The conducted research develops the scientific understanding of the modern franchising models as a business development instrument. Practical result usage will enable the development of the franchising networks under the new market tendencies and social changes. Цель: Основная цель данной статьи состоит в определении перспектив развития новых моделей франчайзинга (а именно, квазифранчайзинга, свободного франчайзинга и бранчайзинга) в России. Для достижения поставленной цели в статье решены следующие задачи: определены особенности выше указанных моделей, а также факторы, повлиявшие на их появление; проведено анкетирование представителей франчайзинговых компаний в России с целью определения их готовности развивать свой бизнес с помощью новых моделей франчайзинга; на основе данных, полученных при анкетировании, выявлены ключевые возможности для развития новых моделей франчайзинга в нашей стране. Методология проведения работы: Работа подготовлена с использованием методов теоретического и экономического анализа. Кроме того, автором была проведена серия формализованных телефонных интервью с представителями российского бизнеса. На основе анализа полученных данных сделаны выводы о перспективах развития новых моделей франчайзинга в России. Результаты работы: В настоящее время новые модели франчайзинга проникают на отечественный рынок. В отличие от классической модели франчайзинга, новые модели сопряжены с большим риском для франчайзера, поскольку допускают определенную степень свободы для франчайзи. Квазифранчайзинг, предполагающий передачу бизнес-модели без передачи бренда, подходит для представителей молодых концепций, а также для франчайзеров, стремящихся к экстенсивному увеличению числа франчайзи. Свободный франчайзинг, допускающий вариативность во внешнем оформлении точки и ассортименте продукции, применим для франчайзи, стремящихся к проявлению собственной индивидуальности даже в рамках франшизы, а также для франчайзеров, настроенных на сотрудничество с такого рода франчайзи. Наконец, бранчайзинг, основанный на соинвестировании франчайзера и франчайзи в точку, является альтернативой классическому франчайзингу для франшиз, требующих значительных капиталовложений. Выводы: Материалы, изложенные в статье, демонстрируют особое место новых моделей на российском рынке франчайзинга. Они позволяют адаптировать бизнес-модель к изменяющимся социальным и экономическим реалиям. Рассмотренные новые модели франчайзинга рекомендуются к применению в тех сферах бизнеса, где допустима вариативность в неключевых аспектах бизнеса, а также для молодых брендов, ищущих свое место на рынке. Исследования, проведенные в данной статье, представляют собой развитие научных представлений о современных моделях франчайзинга как инструмента развития бизнеса. Практическое применение их результатов позволит совершенствовать развитие франчайзинговых сетей в условиях новых рыночных тенденций и социальных изменений.
Social trauma and the mu-opioid system in depression
No full textThe overarching thesis under investigation is that the endogenous opioid system plays a key role in depression subsequent to traumatic childhood social experiences. This is suggested by the fact that animal work indicates that mu-opioids robustly mediate separation-distress, and that early social stressors lead to long term dysregulation in key related circuitries and neuroanatomical structures
