32 research outputs found
Poesia per l'infanzia nel sec. XIX
No full textLa ricerca si sofferma ad analizzare un settore poco esplorato della letteratura per ragazzi: la produzione poetica per l'infanzia in Italia nel corso del diciannovesimo secolo. L'analisi di libri del primo Novecento ha permesso di rintracciare una prima attenzione critico-letteraria in questo specifico settore. Ciò ha permesso di ritenere il poeta Giovanni Pascoli come l'autore che,in virtù della sua concezione poetica, dell'infanzia e delle sue competenze liriche, segnò la fine della tradizione poetica ottocentesca e nello stesso tempo diede vita alle nuove modalità ed esperienze poetiche tipiche del Novecento. Andando a ritroso nel tempo per cercare di datare il punto di partenza del cambiamento intervenuto nella poesia dell'800, si giunge ad affermare che non è possibile indicare un autore di primaria importanza, sebbene vi siano alcuni nomi più conosciuti e di indiscutibile valore rispetto ad altri. Infatti si è rivelato significativo cercare e studiare fonti letterarie come antologie scolastiche di letteratura italiana nelle quali compaiono allo stesso tempo scrittori, poeti ed educatori. Le antologie hanno rivelato informazioni attorno a opere poetiche, al contesto culturale, a ragioni, a tematiche e a relazioni di tipo editoriale, culturale ed istituzionale. L’analisi ha evidenziato alcune importanti piste di ricerca nel periodo compreso tra il 1839 e il 1888, ed ha inoltre riscontrato il contributo significativo offerto alla poesia per ragazzi da Luigi Sailer, un autore poco studiato, sebbene sia l’autore di un’opera straordinariamente ricca, L’Arpa della fanciullezza, che ha avuto grande successo in Italia sia nel diciannovesimo secolo sia nel ventesimo con numerose riedizioni.The research is about a special subject of young people's literature, which has not had enough attention so far, children's poetry in nineteenth century in Italy. The analysis of the early twentieth century books has outlined the beginning of the critical-historical way of children's literature. This has made it possible to conside the poet Giovanni Pascoli as the author who, due to his idea of poetry and of childhood and his lyrical skills, marked the end of the nineteenth century tradition, and at the same time opening new ways and experiences typical of the twentieth century.So it seemed to be constructive to research and to study literary resources like the Literature Anthologies, where writers, poets and educators were collected together. The analysis has indicated some important tracks of research in the period between the 1839 and 1888, and has also verified the contribution to children's poetry of Luigi Sailer, a writer less studied, but author of an extraordinarily rich work, L'arpa della fanciullezza, which had a great success in Italy in the nineteenth and twentieth century
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Turned Inside Out: The Rise of Private, Networked, Data-Centric Governance
No full textThe pursuit of more sustainable consumption and production of consumer goods has taken an inside-out turn. Instead of external stakeholders devising carrot-and-stick methods of influence, industry players like brands, retailers, and platforms are increasingly finding value in sustainability governance. Able to collect data streams inaccessible to stakeholders, with the market power to implement rapid changes transnationally, and guided by a vision of Industry 4.0, there has been renewed hope in private solutions to public issues. Firms are arguing that they can leverage their considerable power to achieve what NGOs and governments have struggled to achieve in thirty or so years: comparable and actionable data, market transparency, supply chain and product innovation, and enforcement of labor and environmental standards. Using interdisciplinary methods and novel empirical research, I describe and assess the emerging phenomenon of private, networked, data-centric governance (PNDG). First, I present a literature review of sustainable consumption. I demonstrate that the potential impact of so-called citizen consumption is extraordinarily limited, and argue that structural policies and politics are more likely to yield the necessary transformative change. My empirical work, in turn, focuses on production networks. In chapter three, through data analysis, surveys, and case studies, I examine the Higg Index, an apparel-industry wide initiative to collect and utilize environmental and social data. I find that after ten years, the Higg Index is a scale without a diet—it solves a number of measurement issues, but fails to address root issues of incentives and transparency. In chapter four, I perform a primarily econometric analysis of an intervention in a Thai clothing factory. My analysis demonstrates factory worker compensation formulas can incent higher productivity through higher wages, thereby showing a financially viable path towards living wages. And yet, the project highlights limitations on potential gains absent further external pressure by organized labor, NGOs, governments, or consumers. By offering novel empirical insights, as well as describing the phenomenon of PNDG, my findings inform ongoing policy debates, industry investments, and stakeholder projects. While PNDG holds promise, it needs to be complemented with more external accountability mechanisms that promote stronger incentives
Factory benefits to paying workers more: The critical role of compensation systems in apparel manufacturing
No full textTransforming Consumption: From Decoupling, to Behavior Change, to System Changes for Sustainable Consumption
No full textConsumption, although often considered an individual choice, is deeply ingrained in behaviors, cultures, and institutions, and is driven and supported by corporate and government practices. Consumption is also at the heart of many of our most critical ecological, health, and social problems. What is referred to broadly as sustainable consumption has primarily focused on making consumption more efficient and gradually decoupling it from energy and resource use. We argue for the need to focus sustainable consumption initiatives on the key impact areas of consumption-transport, housing, energy use, and food-and at deeper levels of system change. To meet the scale of the sustainability challenges we face, interventions and policies must move from relative decoupling via technological improvements, to strategies to change the behavior of individual consumers, to broader initiatives to change systems of production and consumption. We seek to connect these emerging literatures on behavior change, structural interventions, and sustainability transitions to arrive at integrated frameworks for learning, iteration, and scaling of sustainability innovations. We sketch the outlines of research and practice that offer potentials for system changes for truly sustainable consumption
Dataset for: Factory Benefits to Paying Workers More: The Critical Role of Compensation Systems in Apparel Manufacturing
No full textProductivity, Profits, and Pay: A Field Experiment Analyzing the Impacts of Compensation Systems in an Apparel Factory
No full textFactory worker pay in global value chains remains a contentious issue. In this paper, we evaluate a two-year field experiment in an apparel factory to analyze altered compensation systems designed to increase worker pay while supporting factory goals around productivity and profitability. Using a quasi-experimental design, with unique data on wages, hours, productivity, quality, and worker engagement, we estimate the impact of three altered compensation systems on pay, productivity, and factory profits. The compensation systems can be described as: 1) an improved productivity-based scheme, 2) a scheme that brings quality and waste reduction into the calculation; and 3) a “target wage” scheme. Overall, the treatments raised wages by 4.2-9.7% and increased productivity by 8-10% points. Management reported significant financial benefits from the experiment, including increased profits for five of six lines, and avoided costs and productivity losses due to decreased turnover. The factory workers, through focus-group interviews before, during, and after the intervention, reported improved relations with team members and managers. This study demonstrates altered factory compensation can support better factory performance and a better paid workforce, indicating a path towards advanced supply chains with improved wages
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Productivity, Profits, and Pay: A Field Experiment Analyzing the Impacts of Compensation Systems in an Apparel Factory
No full textFactory worker pay in global value chains remains a contentious issue. In this paper, we evaluate a two-year field experiment in an apparel factory to analyze altered compensation systems designed to increase worker pay while supporting factory goals around productivity and profitability. Using a quasi-experimental design, with unique data on wages, hours, productivity, quality, and worker engagement, we estimate the impact of three altered compensation systems on pay, productivity, and factory profits. The compensation systems can be described as: 1) an improved productivity-based scheme, 2) a scheme that brings quality and waste reduction into the calculation; and 3) a “target wage” scheme. Overall, the treatments raised wages by 4.2-11.6% and increased productivity by 7-12%-points. Management reported significant financial benefits from the experiment, including increased profits for five of six lines, and avoided costs and productivity losses due to decreased turnover. The factory workers, through focus-group interviews before, during, and after the intervention, reported improved relations with team members and managers. This study demonstrates altered factory compensation can support better factory performance and a better paid workforce, indicating a path towards advanced supply chains with improved wages
Factory benefits to paying workers more: The critical role of compensation systems in apparel manufacturing.
No full textFactory benefits to paying workers more: The critical role of compensation systems in apparel manufacturing
No full textWhile many stakeholders believe worker wages in global supply chains are too low, there is disagreement about what, if anything, can be done to raise wages. Through a two-year quasi-experiment in an operating apparel factory, we assess the effects on productivity and profits of raising worker wages with a re-designed compensation system. We show that, even within current factory margins and constraints, important wage gains (4.2–9.7%) are possible and profitable. Productivity increased 8–10%-points while turnover decreased markedly. Workers were motivated by the potential for increased wages from an accelerating group rate as well as increased engagement and sense of fair compensation. Workers focused their increased effort on reducing quality defects and tardiness, two behaviors which individual workers largely control. Additional productivity-increasing behaviors were constrained by skill, position, and conflicts arising from free riders. Advanced apparel manufacturing demands a more engaged workforce; this research provides early evidence that compensation systems can be a critical tool to meet multiple needs.</div
