177,211 research outputs found
The variability within the cultivar “Bidane Ghermez” assessed by Simple Sequence repeats (SSRs)
No full textAppropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Clonal Selection within Grapevine 'Askari' by Molecular Markers
No full textGrapevine 'Askari' is one of the important seedless table grapes in Iran. In spite of its asexual propagation, morphological markers determined differences in some accessions of this cultivar, e. g., some accessions have hard empty seeds. However, others have soft seed traces. Some of these morphological factors are useful for economical value and breeding programs. In order to evaluate these differences in genetical level, this project was designed to identify genetic variability via SSR markers within accessions named as 'Askari' cultivar. In this study 42 accessions were selected and collected from different provinces of Iran. 8 highly polymorphic SSR primers (VVS2, VVMD7, VVMD14, VVMD25, VVMD27, VVMD36, vrZAG47 and vrZAG79) were used to compare accessions. Three loci (VVS2, VVMD36 and vrZAG79) showed polymorphism. The overall results of the SSR analysis detected 5 accessions (no. 21, 31, 44, 46 and 114) which were different from others. The present study confirmed, SSR markers can be useful for identifying intra-cultivar diversity. This work requires more study to define the relation between genetical differences and some important morphological traits
Application of SSR Markers for Characterization of Genetic Diversity within Iranian Grapevine Cultivars ('Askari' and ;Keshmeshi')
No full textThe present study was designed to identify intra-varietal diversity via SSR markers within `Askari' and `Keshmeshi' (Vitis vinifera L.). These two semi-seedless grape cultivars are used as table grape and raisin. Some accessions of these cultivars are morphologically different. For instance, some accessions had big berries with big bunches and empty seeds, whereas others had small berries in small bunches with soft seed traces. In order to evaluate these differences at the genetic level, we selected 14 SSR loci to evaluate intra-cultivar diversity. In total, 42 accessions of 'Askari', 10 accessions of 'Keshmeshi' and one accession of Sultanina as a control were analysed, using a capillary electrophoresis fragment sizing system. Genetic analysis discriminated six accessions of `Askari' (No. A3, A21, A31, A44, A46, and A114) which were different from other accessions. These accessions were also different in some morphological traits. Accessions no. A3 and no. A21 had soft seed traces with berries and bunches that were smaller than others. Other accessions had empty seeds. Accessions no. A44, A46 and A114 had big bunches, big berries and empty seeds. In accession no. A31 berry shape was approximately round vs. oval shape in other accessions. The remaining accessions (36 accessions) were identical in 14 SSR loci. In 'Keshmeshi' four different accessions (No. K6, K8, K15, and K27) were discriminated in genetic analysis. In accessions no. K6 and no. K8, the number of bunch and yield per vine was higher than other accessions. In accessions no. K15 and no. K27, berries and bunches were bigger than others and the number of seed traces were higher than other accessions. Other six accessions were identical in14 SSR loci. Cluster analysis of all three cultivars divided accessions to three groups (each cultivar in one group) at 0.67 similarity coefficient. Our study showed SSR markers can be useful for identifying of intra-cultivar diversity
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Letter from R. R. Zellick, Assistant Trust Officer, Anglo California National Bank of San Francisco, to Joseph R. Goodman, October 2, 1942
No full textLetter from R. R. Zellick, Assistant Trust Officer at The Anglo California National Bank of San Francisco, to Joseph R. Goodman, regarding property owned by Dave Tatsuno. Zellick mentions a dispute between current tenants and Tatsuno, and that Tatsuno has asked Goodman to help locate trustworthy tenants.Personal correspondence, organizational records, government documents, publications, and other papers created or collected by Joseph R. Goodman documenting the forced removal and incarceration of Japanese Americans during World War II, as well as organized resistance to incarceration. Included in the collection are records of the Japanese Young Men's Christian Association and the Japanese American Citizens' League in San Francisco, including papers of the Japanese YMCA's executive secretary Lincoln Kanai; Sakai family papers; Goodman's correspondence to and from Japanese American incarcerees, organizations opposing forced removal and incarceration of Japanese Americans, the War Relocation Authority, and others; publications, photographs, and ephemera from the Topaz Relocation Center, where Goodman taught high school; War Relocation Authority records and publications; and newspaper clippings, pamphlets, and reports about forced removal and incarceration created by various government, religious, and civic organizations, in California and nationwide
Extensive reinnervation of the hippocampus by embryonic basal forebrain cholinergic neurons grafted into the septum of neonatal rats with selective cholinergic lesions.
No full textReconstruction of the septohippocampal pathways by axons extending from embryonic cholinergic neuroblasts grafted into the neuron-depleted septum has been explored in the neonatal rat by using a novel lesioning and grafting protocol. Neonatal ablation of the basal forebrain cholinergic projection neurons, accompanied by extensive bilateral cholinergic denervation of the hippocampus and neocortex, was produced at postnatal day (PD) 4 by 192 immunoglobulin (IgG)-saporin intraventricularly. Four days later, cholinergic neuroblasts (from embryonic day 14 rats) were implanted bilaterally into the neuron-depleted septum by using a microtransplantation approach. The results show that homotopically implanted septal neurons survive and integrate well into the developing septal area, extending axons caudally along the myelinated fimbria-fornix and supracallosal pathways that are able to reach the appropriate targets in the denervated hippocampus and cingulate cortex as early as 4 weeks postgrafting. Moreover, the laminar innervation patterns established by the graft-derived axons closely resembled the normal ones and remained essentially unchanged up to at least 6 months, which was the longest postoperative time studied. The reinnervating fibers restored tissue choline acetyltransferase activity (up to 50% of normal) in the dorsal hippocampus and the parietooccipital cortex. Retrograde labeling with Fluoro-Gold from the host hippocampus combined with immunocytochemistry confirmed that most of the projecting neurons, indeed, were cholinergic. The results suggest that the graft-host interactions that are necessary for target-directed axon growth are present in the septohippocampal system during early postnatal maturation. Thus, the present approach may contribute to overcome the functional limitations inherent in the use of ectopically placed intrahippocampal transplants
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Liftings for noncomplete probability spaces
No full textThe current state of knowledge concerning liftings for noncomplete probability spaces is discussed. This is a somewhat expanded version of the author's talk given at the 1991 Summer Conference on General Topology and Applications in Honor of Mary Ellen Rudin and Her Work.PT: S; CR: BURKE MR, IN PRESS P AM MATH S BURKE MR, 1991, ISRAEL J MATH, V73, P33 BURKE MR, 1992, ISRAEL J MATH, V79, P289 CARLSON T, THEOREM LIFTING CHRISTENSEN JPR, 1974, TOPOLOGY BOREL STRUC FREMLIN DH, 1989, HDB BOOLEAN ALGEBRAS, P877 INOESCUTULCEA A, 1966, 5TH P BERK S MATH ST, V2 IONESCUTULCEA A, 1967, CONTRIBUTIONS PROB 1, P63 IONESCUTULCEA A, 1969, TOPICS THEORY LIFTIN JECH TJ, 1978, SET THEORY JOHNSON RA, 1980, P AM MATH SOC, V80, P234 JUST W, IN PRESS T AM MATH S KUPKA J, 1983, INDIANA U MATH J, V32, P717 LOSERT V, 1983, LNM, V1080, P95 MAHARAM D, 1958, P AM MATH SOC, V9, P987 SHELAH S, 1983, ISRAEL J MATH, V45, P90 TALAGRAND M, 1982, P AM MATH SOC, V84, P379 VONNEUMANN J, 1931, CRELLES J MATH, V165, P109; NR: 18; TC: 0; J9: ANN N Y ACAD SCI; PG: 4; GA: BZ86BSource type: Electronic(1
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