1,355,197 research outputs found
Simulation of copper-water nanofluid in a microchannel in slip flow regime using the lattice Boltzmann method with heat flux boundary condition
Get PDFLaminar forced convection heat transfer of water–Cu nanofluids in a microchannel is studied using the double population Thermal Lattice Boltzmann method (TLBM). The entering flow is at a lower temperature compared to the microchannel walls. The middle section of the microchannel is heated with a constant and uniform heat flux, simulated by means of the counter slip thermal energy boundary condition. Simulations are performed for nanoparticle volume fractions equal to 0.00%, 0.02% and 0.04% and slip coefficient equal to 0.001, 0.01 and 0.1. Reynolds number is equal to 1, 10 and 50.The model predictions are found to be in good agreement with earlier studies. Streamlines, isotherms, longitudinal variations of Nusselt number and slip velocity as well as velocity and temperature profiles for different cross sections are presented. The results indicate that LBM can be used to simulate forced convection for the nanofluid micro flows. They show that the microchannel performs better heat transfers at higher values of the Reynolds number. For all values of the Reynolds considered in this study, the average Nusselt number increases slightly as the solid volume fraction increases and the slip coefficient increases. The rate of this increase is more significant at higher values of the Reynolds number
Pseudopyricularia hedjaroudii sp. nov. (Pyriculariaceae, Magnaporthales): a novel species from Iran
No full textGhorbani, Golzar, Pordel, Adel, Javan-Nikkhah, Mohammad (2021): Pseudopyricularia hedjaroudii sp. nov. (Pyriculariaceae, Magnaporthales): a novel species from Iran. Phytotaxa 479 (1): 95-104, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.479.1.7, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.479.1.
Environmental impacts modeling of Iranian peach production
No full textThe environmental hazard is a major concern in Iran. On the other hand, agriculture plays a key role in
environmental impacts in this country, because this sector is both a producer and consumer of energy as well as
it can increase or reduce the environmental impacts. Therefore, in this research the cradle to gate environmental
impacts associated with Iranian peach production through Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) model is studied.
According to the ISO 14040 standard, an LCA was carried out in four main steps included goal definition,
inventory analysis, impact assessment and interpretation. In order to have better comparison, we also applied
normalization and weighting indices. The results highlighted that the characterization indices of global
warming, acidification, terrestrial eutrophication, depletion of fossil, phosphate and potash resources for one
tonne of peach production were 172.16 kg CO2eq, 2.55 kg SO2eq, 5.68 kg NOxeq, 1058.51 MJ, 1.72 kg P2O5,
0.85 kg K2O, respectively. Farm gate to gate phase of production accounted for 61%, 83% and 97% of the global
warming, acidification and eutrophication impact categories, respectively. So this shows that the agricultural
sector of Iranian peach production (on-orchard emissions) has the greatest negative effect on the environment.
The depletion of phosphate resources and followed by terrestrial eutrophication had the greatest negative effects
on the environment among in different impact categories. To better environmental management of Iranian
peach production, it is recommended to encourage the farmers to choose fertilizer with low environmental
impact like bio-fertilizer or chemical fertilizer with lower environmental burdens respect to urea fertilize
Roscovitine, an experimental CDK5 inhibitor, causes delayed suppression of microglial, but not astroglial recruitment around intracerebral dopaminergic grafts.
No full textInhibitors of cell cycle proteins are known to reduce glial activation and to be neuroprotective in a number of settings. In the context of intracerebral grafting, glial activation is documented to correlate with graft rejection. However, the effects of modification of glial reactivity following grafting in the CNS are poorly understood. Moreover, it is not completely clear if the glial cells themselves trigger the rejection process, or are they secondarily activated. The present study investigated the effect of microglial inhibition by the cyclin-dependant kinase 5 (CDK5) inhibitor roscovitine following intracerebral transplantation in the rodent model of Parkinson's disease. Single cell suspension of rat E14 ventral mesencephalic tissue was transplanted to the dopamine-depleted striatum of unilaterally 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesioned male Sprague-Dawley rats. Experimental animals received injections of roscovitine (20 mg/kg) or a vehicle solution three times following the procedure. Immunohistochemistry was carried out on Day 7 and Day 28 to quantitatively describe the glial reaction adjacent to grafts. The data confirm that systemic roscovitine treatment significantly reduced microglial recruitment adjacent to the grafts on Day 28, without exhibiting significant effects on astroglia. However, this was not found to correlate with elevated numbers of neurons in the grafts. Moreover, microglial reaction surrounding grafts was less pronounced compared to control animals, subjected to the mechanical influence only, even without roscovitine treatment. Our results are the first to show the effect of cell cycle inhibition in the context of neuronal transplantation. The findings suggest that microglial activation around intracerebral grafts can be modified pharmacologically. However, the results do not confirm direct neuroprotective effects of cell cycle inhibition after intracerebral transplantation. Reducing microglial recruitment around grafts could be beneficial by reducing inflammation-related degenerative processes. Sparing astrocytes in the same time provides transplanted cells with essential trophics and support. We consider microglial inhibition to be a possible approach for reducing later graft-related complications
FIGURE 1 in Pseudopyricularia hedjaroudii sp. nov. (Pyriculariaceae, Magnaporthales): a novel species from Iran
No full textFIGURE 1. Maximum likelihood (ML) tree inferred from concatenated LSU and RPB1 sequences. Bootstrap support values from ML analyses larger than ≥90% are shown above internodes. Pseudopyricularia hedjaroudii is shown in bold.Published as part of Ghorbani, Golzar, Pordel, Adel & Javan-Nikkhah, Mohammad, 2021, Pseudopyricularia hedjaroudii sp. nov. (Pyriculariaceae, Magnaporthales): a novel species from Iran, pp. 95-104 in Phytotaxa 479 (1) on page 97, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.479.1.7, http://zenodo.org/record/541342
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Introduction to the special issue “Sustainability Issues of Food Processing and Packaging: the Role of Life Cycle Assessment”
No full textThe International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment is quite familiar with the topic of sustainability of food processing and packaging and, in fact, a remarkable number of LCAs and LCSAs have been published thus far in the journal. This special issue aims at furthering the understanding and deepening of such a topic with special regard to product and process innovation, through expanded capability and greater ranges of the scenarios and systems analysed. It was designed to motivate researchers to address issues of novelty and scientific relevance in the assessment and improvement of sustainability in the food processing and packaging sector
Colibacillosis and Colisepeticemia in Newborn Calves: Towards Pragmatic Treatment and Prevention
Get PDFDiarrhea is the most perturbing disease in dairy and beef industries worldwide, leading to significant rates of morbidity and mortality as well as economic losses. The objective of this review article was to delineate the pathophysiology and practical biology of colisepticemia in neonatal calves. Preventive and therapeutic protocols were also presented and discussed from a new integrative perspective. Notably, the situation can be the most deleterious in case diarrhea turns into septicemia. Under such circumstances, the mortality rate may be remarkably high and hard to control. Escherichia coli (E. coli) is an invasive and opportunistic bacteria causing severe diarrhea (colibacillosis) and colisepticemia in newborn calves. Colisepticemia is commonly prevalent in 2-5 days old calves, and colostral immunity is considered the first defensive line against E. coli infection. In addition to colostrum feeding quality and management, other management factors, such as dry cow nutrition and welfare, newborn calf welfare and nutrition, housing system, sanitation protocols, as well as early identification and treatment of sick calves, are important in preventing colisepticemia. In conclusion, understanding the mechanism of action and transmission routes of pathogenic E. coli will provide scientific and practical insight to plan preventive and therapeutic protocols decisively and successfully. © Nikkhah A and Alimirzaei M (2022). Colibacillosis and Colisepeticemia in Newborn Calves: Towards Pragmatic Treatment and Prevention. World Vet. J., 12 (3): 230-236. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.54203/scil.2022.wvj2
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