1,720,963 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Prevalence of overt congenital anomalies, and associated factors among newborns delivered at jimma university medical center, southwest Ethiopia from may 1 to june 30,2018
No full textBACKGROUND: Congenital anomalies, also known as birth defects, are structural,
functional and metabolic disorders that occur during intrauterine life and can be identified
prenatally, at birth or later in life. According to the World Health Organization, an
estimated 270,000 deaths globally were attributable to congenital anomalies during the first
28 days of life. Neural tube defects are one of the most serious and most common of these
anomalies. However, scientific data on the magnitude, contributing factors and health
impact of birth defects in Ethiopia in general and in Jimma particularly is currently
inadequate.
OBJECTIVES: To assess the prevalence of overt congenital anomalies and associated
factors among neonates delivered at Jimma university medical center.
METHODS: An institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted from May 1 to
June 30, 2018. Data was collected from 754 delivered neonates with their respective
mothers using structured and interviewer administered questionnaire. Neonatal weight,
head circumference and length were measured after birth. Mid upper arm circumference
was measured to assess nutritional status of the mother. All data were cleaned, coded and
entered into EPI data 3.1 and exported to SPSS software version 20:0 for analysis. Analysis
included descriptive statistics and logistic regression. Multivariate logistic regression model
was fitted to assess the association between the independent and dependent variables.
Adjusted Odds ratios were calculated with 95% CIs and considered significant with a pvalue <0.05.
RESULTS: A total of 754neonates were delivered from 754 mothers and participated in this
study which yielded93.6% response rate. The study finding showed that the prevalence of
overt congenital anomalies among live and still births neonates was 4.1%. From 31 cases,
Majority of anomalies were isolated and major in 93.5% and 96.7% of cases respectively.
Central nervous system anomalies had the highest prevalence 45.1% and followed by
orofacial clefts 25.8% and musculoskeletal system defects 13%. Anencephaly was the most
common central nervous system anomaly in 50% of cases followed by hydrocephalus 21.4%.
Unspecified cleft palate with unilateral cleft lip and bilateral cleft lip were most prevalent forms of orofacial clefts in50% and 25% of the cases respectively. Unknown medication
uses during early pregnancy (AOR = 15.1; 95% CI: 5.5-40.2, p-value=<0.00), history of
maternal khat chewing in early pregnancy (AOR = 3.4; 95% CI: 1.462-7.95, p-value=
0.004), and maternal chronic illness before conception (AOR = 4.3; 95% CI = 1.65-11.37,
p-value=0.031), were independent predictors of congenital anomalies. Folate use (AOR =
0.18; 95% CI: 0.02-0.92, p-value=0.003) during periconception had a protective effect from
congenital anomaly.
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION: The Prevalence of overt congenital
anomalies among the study participants was high. Unknown medication use, maternal
chronic illness and history of maternal khat chewing were independent predictors of
congenital anomalies. Folic acid supplementation, prevention and treatment of chronic
medical illness and provision of health education regarding impact of khat chewing and
unknown medication use should be recommended
Effect Of Local Arake On Hepatorenal Structures And Functions In Swiss Albino Mice: Lab-Based Acute Toxicity Study
Full text linkBackground: Ethiopia is the most culturally diversified country in which a variety of
traditional alcoholic beverages are consumed in different cultures and among others Arake is
very popular. The effect of Arake on internal organs structures and functions is not well
studied. Objectives: Therefore, the aim of the current study is to assess acute effect of local
Arake on hepatorenal structures and functions in Swiss albino mice.
Methods: Twenty eight newly breaded Swiss albino mice were randomly divided into four
groups. Arake was provided for the experimental groups and distilled water for control for
daily for six weeks. Throughout the treatment period the mice in both groups were observed
for any behavioral change and body weight was recorded on daily bases. At the end of 42
days each animal was anaesthetized with diethyl ether and blood was collected through
cardiac puncture for biochemical determination such as AST, ALT, BUN and CRT as a
measure of liver and kidney functions. After blood collection the mice sacrificed by cervical
dislocation and abdominal cavity was opened anteriorly through midline incision of the
abdomen to gain access to internal organs notably Liver and Kidneys. Wet organ weight of
each organ was recorded, accessioned and immersion fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin
for histopathological investigation. The quantitative data including body weight, organ
weight and serum levels of AST, ALT, BUN and CRT were analyzed using SPSS version 26
and the result presented by descriptive statistics as mean ± SEM while the difference
between groups were compared using one way ANOVA Post Hoc Tukey and p-value <
0.05 was considered as a significant. The qualitative data including histopathological
alterations was investigated through preparing microscopic slides which were examined
under light microscope by Anatomist and Pathologist (both blinded to dose and groups).
Results: Twenty eight Swiss albino mice (14 Males and 14 Females) were used to start the
experimentation. But, four mice (2 Male and 2 Female mice) were dead within 72hr of
acclimatization and twenty four mice survived up to end of necropsy. The body weight of
the treated groups was significantly decreased as compared to control group (p<0.05) but the
decrement of weight between the treated groups was not significant. The serum level of AST ii
and ALT of the experimental group was significantly higher when compared with control
group (p<0.05). Serum level of BUN and CRT was increased as the dose of Arake
administered increases but the serum level of the CRT has no significance difference in all
the groups but serum urea was significantly different between the groups. Arake
consumption induced hepatorenal inflammation and necrosis precipitated by increment in
dose accompanied by alteration of its functions.
Conclusions: The result of this study revealed that Arake intake decreased body weight of
the mice and induced hepatorenal inflammation and necrosis accompanied by alteration of
its functions. The damaging effect was exacerbated as the dose of Arake increased
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Histopathological effects of ultraviolet radiation exposure on the ocular structures in animal studies –literature review
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