2,422 research outputs found
An experimental investigation into pin loading effects on fatigue crack growth in Fibre Metal Laminates
No full textAbstractThis paper provides an experimental investigation into the pin loading effects on the crack growth behaviour in Fibre Metal Laminates. The pin loading effects and bypass loading effects are incorporated in two different tested joints. The analysis of the test results shows that pin loading dominates the crack growth only in the vicinity of the pin hole and the superposition method for analysing stress intensity factor in FMLs with pin loading effects can be applied
The Legal Treatment of Muslim Minorities in Italy. Islam and the Neutral State
No full textslam is a growing presence practically everywhere in Europe. In Italy, however, Islam has met a unique model of state neutrality, religious freedom and church and state collaboration. This book gives a detailed description of the legal treatment of Muslims in Italy, contrasting it with other European states and jurisprudence, and with wider global tendencies that characterize the treatment of Islam. Through focusing on a series of case studies, the author argues that the relationship between church and state in Italy, and more broadly in Europe, should be reconsidered both to secure religious freedom and general welfare.
Working on the concepts of religious freedom, state neutrality, and relationship between church and state, Andrea Pin develops a theoretical framework that combines the state level with the supranational level in the form of the European Convention of Human Rights, which ultimately shapes a unitary but flexible understanding of pluralism. This approach should better accommodate not just Muslims’ needs, but religious needs in general in Italy and elsewhere
Multifaceted Optimization of Energy Efficiency for Stationary WSN Applications
No full textStationary Wireless Sensor Networks (S-WSNs) consist of battery-powered and resource-constrained sensor nodes distributed at fixed locations to cooperatively monitor the environment or an object and provide persistent data acquisition. These systems are being practiced in many applications, ranging from disaster warning systems for instant event detection to structural health monitoring for effective maintenance. Despite the diversity of S-WSN applications, one common requirement is to achieve a long lifespan for a higher value-to-cost ratio. However, the variety of WSN deployment environments and use cases imply that there is no silver bullet to solve the energy issue completely. This thesis is a summary of six publications. Our contributions include four energy optimization techniques on three layers for S-WSN applications. From the bottom up, we designed an ultra-low power smart trigger to integrate environment perceptibility into the hardware. On the network layer, we propose a reliable clustering protocol and a cluster-based data aggregation scheme. This scheme offers topology optimization together with in-network data processing. On the application layer, we extend an industrial standard protocol XMPP to incorporate WSN characteristics for unified information dissemination. Our protocol extensions facilitate WSN application development by adopting IMPS on the Internet. In addition, we conducted a performance analysis of one lightweight security protocol for WSNs called HIP Diet Exchange, which is being standardized by IETF. We suggested a few improvements and potential applications for HIP DEX.
In the process of improving energy efficiency, we explore modular and generic design for better system integration and scalability. Our hardware invention can extend features by adding new transducers onboard. The clustering protocol and data aggregation scheme provides a general self-adaptive method to increase information throughput per energy cost while tolerating network dynamics. The unified XMPP extensions aim to support seamless information flow for the Web of Things. The results presented in this thesis demonstrate the importance of multifaceted optimization strategy in WSN development. An optimal WSN system should comprehend multiple factors to boost energy efficiency in a holistic approach
Design of pin connections between steel members
No full textThe design of pin connections between steel members has been established for many years in design codes. However, recently, in the scope of the revision of Eurocode 3, Part 1–8 (EN 1993–1-8), questions were raised concerning the safety of the corresponding design verifications. This paper identifies two main aspects that require revision, namely: (i) the possibility to design a pin as a bolt in shear and (ii) the verification of the resistance of the pin itself. Based on a thorough literature review, experimental tests and a parametric study, a new proposal submitted to CEN as an amendment to the code, is presented to solve these two identified issues.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Steel & Composite Structure
IE 10th Anniversary Exhibition (28 Mar 1983)
No full textIE lecturer, Mr. Leong Yoon Pin, conducting a choral ensemble
The Biology and Biochemistry of PhoH2 proteins
No full textPhoH2 proteins are found in a diverse range of organisms. To date little is known about these proteins and the role they play in the organisms in which they reside. PhoH2 is a PIN PhoH domain fusion, and these proteins are currently annotated as having unknown function and are described as PhoH like. PhoH domains are thought to be ATPases and all characterised PIN domain proteins are RNases. Most efforts have focussed on determining the role of PIN domain proteins that comprise the toxic component (VapC) of VapBC toxin antitoxin systems, in which the PIN domain is coexpressed as part of an operon with an inhibitor (VapB). In the remaining cases where PIN domain proteins can be found such as PIN PhoH domain fusions, these cases remain unexamined. This thesis describes the biological and biochemical characterisation of the PIN PhoH protein, PhoH2 from Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium smegmatis, along with a preliminary structural characterisation of a thermophilic PhoH2 protein homologue.
The phoH2 gene from both mycobacterial organisms was found to be expressed as part of a long mRNA transcript. Examination of these transcripts revealed possible alternative 5’ start sites out of frame with the phoH2 gene. For protein overexpression, and ‘normal’ growth and colony formation with conditional overexpression, phoH2 from M. tuberculosis required 152 bp of the 5’ sequence directly upstream of the annotated phoH2 gene (annotated here as phoH2alt). PhoH2 proteins: PhoH2alt MTB, PhoH2alt MSMEG and PhoH2MSMEG show ATP/Mg²⁺ dependent, sequence specific RNA unwinding and cleavage. The sequence (A C) (A/U) (A/U) (G/C) U was deduced as a substrate for PhoH2, and PhoH2alt MTB also demonstrated unwinding and cleavage activity on its upstream ~152 base RNA transcript, suggesting a potential autoregulatory mechanism. Structural analysis of a thermophilic PhoH2 protein homologue has provided preliminary crystallographic data which along with electron microscopy suggest a ring like hexameric PhoH2 oligomer
Pin-pin resonance as a reference in determining ballasted railway track vibration behaviour
No full textPin-pin resonance is one of the most significant preferred vibration modes of beams, which are supported at equal distances, such as rails at sleepers in railway track structures do. Pin-pin resonance is a vibration that appears in one basic (first) mode and several higher modes, however the basic mode will have the highest amplitudes. In operational conditions of railways, pin-pin resonance only partly influences wheel-rail contact of the train while the speed dependent sleeper-passing frequency is more important. Among other track resonances, pin-pin resonance plays an important role in noise and vibration radiation of the rails and can be used as a meaningful instrument in track system dynamics recognition and optimization. However, existing simple analytic approximations are not sufficiently reliable to perform these recognitions."This will be shown in this paper by means of new tests and simulations that are based on improved models and methods but restricted to ballasted track structures.Railway EngineeringCivil Engineering and Geoscience
Quantum Pin Codes
No full textarXiv: 1906.11394We introduce quantum pin codes: a class of quantum CSS codes. Quantum pin codes are a vast generalization of quantum color codes and Reed-Muller codes. A lot of the structure and properties of color codes carries over to pin codes. Pin codes have gauge operators, an unfolding procedure and their stabilizers form multi-orthogonal spaces. This last feature makes them interesting for devising magic-state distillation protocols. We study examples of these codes and their properties
Numerical investigation of bubble dynamics and flow boiling heat transfer in cylindrical micro-pin-fin heat exchangers
No full textMicro-pin-fin evaporators are a promising alternative to multi-microchannel heat sinks for two-phase cooling of high power-density devices. Within pin-fin evaporators, the refrigerant flows through arrays of obstacles in cross-flow and is not restricted by the walls of a channel. The dynamics of bubbles generated upon flow boiling and the associated heat transfer mechanisms are expected to be substantially different from those pertinent to microchannels; however, the fundamental aspects of two-phase flows evolving through micro-pin-fin arrays are still little understood. This article presents a systematic analysis of flow boiling within a micro-pin-fin evaporator, encompassing bubble, thin-film dynamics and heat transfer. The flow is studied by means of numerical simulations, performed using a customised boiling solver in OpenFOAM v2106, which adopts the built-in geometric Volume of Fluid method to capture the liquid–vapour interface dynamics. The numerical model of the evaporator includes in-line arrays of pin-fins of diameter of 50μm and height of 100μm, streamwise pitch of 91.7μm and cross-stream pitch of 150μm. The fluid utilised is refrigerant R236fa at a saturation temperature of 30 °C. The range of operating conditions simulated includes values of mass flux G=500–2000kg/(m2s), heat flux q=200kW/m2, and inlet subcooling ΔTsub=0–5K. This study shows that bubbles nucleated in a pin-fin evaporator tend to travel along the channels formed in between the pin-fin lines. Bubbles grow due to liquid evaporation and elongate in the direction of the flow, leaving thin liquid films that partially cover the pin-fins surface. The main contributions to heat transfer arise from the evaporation of this thin liquid film and from a cross-stream convective motion induced by the bubbles in the gap between the cylinders, which displace the hot fluid otherwise stagnant in the cylinders wakes. When the mass flow rate is increased, bubbles depart earlier from the nucleation sites and grow more slowly, which results in a reduction of the two-phase heat transfer. Higher inlet subcooling yields lower two-phase heat transfer coefficients because condensation becomes important when bubbles depart from the hot pin-fin surfaces and reach highly subcooled regions, thus reducing the two-phase heat transfer
Pin/hole joint construction and laminate therefor
No full textA pin/hole joint construction in a laminate (1) comprises layers (9) of fibres and resin bonded to one another. At least one hole (2) extends transversely completely through the layers in the laminate, in which hole a pin (3) is accommodated that bears against the inner surface of the hole for transferring forces between the laminate and the pin. In the laminate a first region (13) is defined in which the layers are directly on top of one another and a second region (14) in which at least one reinforcing layer (5) is provided that is bonded to the adjacent layers of fibres and resin, in which second region the at least one hole is located. All layers of fibres and resin are continued into the second region.Aerospace Engineerin
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