32 research outputs found
La catastrofe come crisi organica ri-generativa. Per un’analisi gramsciana del sisma di maggio 2012
No full textIn this research the author wishes to demonstrate – through the application of Gramscian theory to Ethnography – the the regenerative potential of catastrophes, focusing in particular on their ability to create new forms of (re)existence. This hypothesis informs the fieldwork and was developed from the Gramscian concept of “organic crisis” as a result of a connection between a pre-existent situation of crisis and the violence of calamity. The catastrophe’s consequences in fact affect all sectors of society and end up bringing the incongruities of a given political system to the surface. More specifically, this approach constitutes the basis of the author’s analysis of the regenerative potential of earthquakes that struck the Po-Emilian Valley on the 20th and 29th of May 2012. Indeed these calamities prompted the creation of policies “from below” in response and as an alternative to those institutional interventions carried out during the post-disaster phase (specifically emergency and reconstruction). All the individuals involved in the creation of these alternative policies are members of Sisma.12, a committee of citizens-victims of the earthquakes. They could be defined as “subalterns” in light of their potential to become or create themselves as “political subjects”, using the catastrophe as an “opportunity for transformation”. The research investigates the modality within which these same individuals are able to become political subjects and achieve the change they hope for
Geometric Morphometrics for Provenance Determination of Gallo-Roman White Clay Figurines
No full textHundreds of Gallo-Roman white clay figurines coming from the center of France and available in the French museums have been digitized by the Centre de Recherche et de Restauration des Musées de France using threedimensional surface scanner technologies. Shapes of the statuettes differ according to many parameters, they may vary according to the sites of origin, the author of the works and they might reflect local influences of the workshops from which they originate. In this paper, we describe methods used to quantify and compare the shapes of the figurines and interpret results obtained by using such methods on a set of three-dimensional virtual objects. we show the results of these methods applied to a set of three dimensional virtual objects based on homologous points (landmarks) systematically defined and placed on the virtual models of mother goddess and Venus figurines. We use geometric morphometrics, including essentially generalized Procrustes analysis, to measure and display the differences in shapes and characterize the provenance of the Gallo-Roman figurines. Various analyses including chemical methods have been already carried out to determine the provenance of the statuettes and provide a basis for the comparison of our results. According to the results of the statistical analysis we assess the advantages and limitations of geometric morphometrics for the characterization of the provenance of the white clay figurines. Finally, from a broader perspective, we comment the interpretation of morphometrical analyses applied to archaeological objects.VAST: International Symposium on Virtual Reality, Archaeology and Intelligent Cultural Heritag
CORRELATION OF SOLUBLE VASCULAR CELL ADHESION MOLECULE 1 WITH B CELL ACTIVATION AND PLASMA CELLS IN SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS
No full textThis is a pre-copyedited, author-produced version of an article accepted for publication in Rheumatology following peer review. The version of record Myles J. Lewis, Simon Vyse, Adrian M. Shields, Lu Zou, Munther Khamashta, Patrick A. Gordon, Costantino Pitzalis, Timothy J. Vyse, David D’Cruz, 205 Correlation of Soluble Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule 1 with B Cell Activation and Plasma Cells in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Rheumatology, Volume 55, Issue suppl_1, April 2016, Pages i145–i146, is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/kew173.00
Crosstalk between PTGS and TGS pathways in natural antiviral immunity and disease recovery
No full textVirus-induced diseases cause severe damage to cultivated plants, resulting in crop losses. Certain plant-virus interactions allow disease recovery at later stages of infection and have the potential to reveal important molecular targets for achieving disease control. Although recovery is known to involve antiviral RNA silencing 1,2, the specific components of the many plant RNA silencing pathways 3 required for recovery are not known. We found that Arabidopsis thaliana plants infected with oilseed rape mosaic virus (ORMV) undergo symptom recovery. The recovered leaves contain infectious, replicating virus, but exhibit a loss of viral suppressor of RNA silencing (VSR) protein activity. We demonstrate that recovery depends on the 21-22 nt siRNA-mediated post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) pathway and on components of a transcriptional gene silencing (TGS) pathway that is known to facilitate non-cell-autonomous silencing signalling. Collectively, our observations indicate that recovery reflects the establishment of a tolerant state in infected tissues and occurs following robust delivery of antiviral secondary siRNAs from source to sink tissues, and establishment of a dosage able to block the VSR activity involved in the formation of disease symptoms.Fil: Kørner, Camilla Julie. Universidad de Basilea; SuizaFil: Pitzalis, Nicolas. Université de Strasbourg; FranciaFil: Peña, Eduardo José. Université de Strasbourg; Francia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Erhardt, Mathieu. Université de Strasbourg; FranciaFil: Vazquez, Franck. Universidad de Basilea; SuizaFil: Heinlein, Manfred. Universidad de Basilea; Suiza. Université de Strasbourg; Franci
Interactions plantes-virus : rôle des petits ARN non-codants dérivés du virus et de l’hôte au cours d’une infection et d’une maladie
No full textDans cette thèse, j'ai étudié le rôle des sRNAs dérivés de l'hôte et du virus lors de l'infection du colza (Brassica napus, Canola) par la souche UK1 du virus de la mosaïque du navet (TuMV-UK1). En utilisant un dérivé de TuMV fusionné avec un gène codant pour la protéine fluorescente verte (TuMV-GFP), deux cultivars de colza (‘Drakkar’ et ‘Tanto’) qui diffèrent par leur susceptibilité à ce virus ont été identifiés. Le profil transcriptionnel des foyers d'infection locale, dans les feuilles de Drakkar et de Tanto, par séquençage nouvelle génération (NGS) a révélé de nombreux gènes exprimés de manière différentielle. Les mêmes échantillons d'ARN provenant de feuilles de Drakkar et de Tanto, traitées par des virus ou utilisées en contrôle, ont également servi à établir le profil NGS des sRNAs (sRNAseq) et de leurs cibles potentielles d'ARN (PAREseq). Les analyses bioinformatiques et leur validation in vivo, ont permis d’identifier les événements de clivage de transcrits impliquant des micro ARN (miRNA) connus et encore inconnus. Fait important, les résultats indiquent que TuMV détourne la voie du RNA silencing de l’hôte avec des siRNAs issus de son propre génome (vsiRNA) pour cibler les gènes de l’hôtes. Le virus déclenche également le ciblage à grande échelle des ARN messagers (ARNm) de l’hôte par l’activation de la production de siRNAs secondaires en phase, à partir de locus PHAS. À leur tour, les vsiRNAs et les siRNAs dérivés de l'hôte (hsRNAs) ciblent et clivent l'ARN viral par le complexe RISC. Ces observations éclairent le rôle des siRNAs dérivés de l'hôte et du virus dans la coordination de l'infection virale. Un autre chapitre de cette thèse est consacré à l'analyse des maladies induites par des virus en utilisant comme modèle de plante Arabidopsis, infectée par un tobamovirus, le virus de la mosaïque du colza (ORMV). De plus, ces observations ont permis de proposer un modèle dans lequel cette guérison dépend d’un adressage important de vsiRNAs secondaires antiviraux depuis leur source de production jusqu’à leurs tissus de destination, et l'établissement d'un apport en vsiRNAs capable de bloquer l'activité VSR impliquée dans la formation des feuilles symptomatiques.In this thesis, I investigated the role of host- and virus-derived sRNAs during infection of Rapeseed (Brassica napus, Canola) by the UK1 strain of Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV-UK1). By using a TuMV derivative tagged with a gene encoding green fluorescent protein (TuMV-GFP), two rapeseed cultivars (‘Drakkar’ and ‘Tanto’) that differ in susceptibility to this virus were identified. Transcriptional profiling of local infection foci in Drakkar and Tanto leaves by next generation sequencing (NGS) revealed numerous differentially expressed genes. The same RNA samples from mock- and virus- treated Drakkar and Tanto leaves were also used for the global NGS profiling of sRNAs (sRNAseq) and their potential RNA targets (PAREseq). The bioinformatic analysis and their in vivo validation led to the identification of transcript cleavage events involving known and yet unknown miRNAs. Importantly, the results indicate that TuMV hijacks the host RNA silencing pathway with siRNAs derived from its own genome (vsiRNAs) to target host genes. The virus also triggers the widespread targeting of host messenger RNAs (mRNAs) through activation of phased, secondary siRNA production from PHAS loci. In turn, both vsiRNAs and host-derived siRNAs (hsRNAs) target and cleave the viral RNA by the RISC-mediated pathway. These observations illuminate the role of host and virus-derived sRNAs in the coordination of virus infection. Another chapter of this thesis is dedicated to the analysis of virus-induced diseases by using Arabidopsis plants infected with the Oilseed rape mosaic tobamovirus (ORMV) as a model. Initially, the infected plants develop leaves with strong disease symptoms. However, at a later stage, disease-free, “recovered” leaves start to appear. Analysis of symptoms recovery led to the identification of a mechanism in which the VSR and virus derived-siRNAs play a central role. I used Arabidopsis mutants impaired in transcriptional and post-transcriptional silencing pathways (TGS and PTGS respectively) and a plant line carrying a promoter-driven GFP transgene silenced by PTGS (Arabidopsis line 8z2). Using various techniques able to monitor virus infection, small and long viral RNA molecules, VSR activity, as well as phloem-mediated transport with in these lines, this study led to the identification of genes required for disease symptoms and disease symptom recovery. Moreover, the observations allowed to propose a model in which symptoms recovery occurs upon robust delivery of antiviral secondary vsiRNAs from source to sink tissues, and establishment of a vsiRNA dosage able to block the VSR activity involved in the formation of disease symptoms
Ancrage touristique de la production d’agneaux de lait en Corse et en Sardaigne. Dépendance, innovation et flexibilité en élevage méditerranéen
No full textCorse et Sardaigne sont deux îles de la rive nord de la Méditerranée où l’élevage ovin laitier joue une place essentielle dans l’agriculture locale. Au côté de fromages réputés pour leur typicité, les systèmes productifs comprennent les viandes d’agneaux de lait. Ce produit est associé à des usages alimentaires traditionnels, situant sa consommation à Noël et à Pâques. Il fait aujourd’hui l’objet d’une attention nouvelle par la consolidation (Sardaigne) et la mise en œuvre (Corse) d’indications géographiques. L’inscription de ces viandes dans les cultures techniques laitières est aussi le témoin d’une dépendance des systèmes d’élevage dédiés à la valorisation de fromages. Par ailleurs, le tourisme est aujourd’hui une activité essentielle de ces deux îles et l’enjeu de structurer un marché autour de ce débouché s’impose progressivement. Des discontinuités temporelles et spatiales apparaissent toutefois compte tenu d’une saisonnalité des naissances qui empêche l’accès du produit à la saison estivale. Il s’agit pour les opérateurs d’envisager des modalités de dépassement de ces verrouillages par des innovations qui supposent le développement de propriétés de flexibilité des systèmes d’élevage.Corsica and Sardinia are two main islands of the Northern part of Mediterranean area where dairy ewes are core in the local agriculture. In addition to reputed typical cheeses, production systems include the meat from milk lambs. This particular meat is associated to traditional modalities of consumption, for Christmas and Easter. It is nowadays benefiting of a new attention from the local actors by the implementation (Sardinia) and the application (Corsica) of protected geographical indications. These meats are embedded into the dairy technical culture and depend a lot of livestock systems dedicated to cheese valorization. Moreover, tourism is nowadays a main activity in both islands and these dynamics lead progressively to structuring new markets oriented by this outlet as a main stake for local actors. However a set of disconnections, both temporal and spatial, is appearing due to the seasonality of the lambing periods hindering the product access during the summer season. Operators have to design solutions for overcoming such lock-in effects by innovations that require to increase the flexibility properties of the livestock systems
The roles of membranes and associated cytoskeleton in plant virus replication and cell-to-cell movement
No full textThe roles of membranes and associated cytoskeleton in plant virus replication and cell-to-cell movement
No full textNemognatha Illiger 1807
No full textNemognatha cfr. notaticeps Pic, 1909 (Fig. 6D) Distribution. Eritrea and northeastern Namibia (new species record for this country). Material examined. [Caprivi] Katima Mulilo Rural: Katima Mulilo, 17.4833°S 24.2833°E (MNB). Remarks. Types of Nemognatha notaticeps were examined at MNHN. We tentatively refer the Namibian specimen to N. notaticeps, because of the presence of one frontal and two pronotal black spots. This species, described from Eritrea, belongs to an eastern African group of taxa, having similar pattern of colouration, but the validity of which need clarification. The other two specie of this group are N. fuscicauda Marseul, 1887 from eastern R.D. Congo (Kibanga) and N. innotaticeps Pic, 1909 from eastern Tanzania (Usagara, Tanga). The first lacks the pronotal black spot, and the second lacks both head and pronotal spots. Being some species of Nemognatha variable in colouration, these taxa could represent a single species, and fuscicauda has the name priority. N. notaticeps could represent another example of dijunct distribution in eastern and southern Africa previously discussed for Lydomorphus bifoveiceps and Cyaneolytta affinis. Nemognatha peringueyi Fairmaire, 1883 (Fig. 6E) Nemognatha capensis Péringuey, 1909 syn. n. Types. Types of both taxa were examined respectively at MNHN and SAMC. Distribution. Namibia (new species record for this country) and South Africa. Material examined. [Karas] Karasburg: Karasburg distr. (SMWN). Remarks. The taxonomy of Afrotropical Nemognatha is totally unclarified. Some species with blue-green metallic integuments are very similar and probably represent a natural group, which includes at least: cyaneiventris Pic, 1924 (eastern Africa and Congo Basin, described as variety of peringueyi), francoisi Pic, 1909 (Nigeria, Benin), intermedia Péringuey, 1909 (South Africa), peringueyi Fairmaire, 1883 (South Africa, Kenya, R.D. Congo), and possibly meraca Péringuey, 1909 (Mozambique). We synonymized capensis with peringueyi after the examination of types and several specimens and on the base of the complete agreement of descriptions; the synonymy is based on the priority of the Fairmaire’ name on the Péringuey’ one. It is surprising that Péringuey (1909) ignored the Fairmaire’s description (1883) of a new species from Cape named after his name. The validity of N. intermedia needs confirmation, as noted by its Author, and also this species could be a synonym of N. peringueyi. After the examination of one photo of the holotype of Lytta haemorroidalis Fabricius, 1801 we suspect its conspecificity with N. peringueyi. Specimens of N. peringueyi from southern Namibia totally correspond to others from Western and Northern Cape we examined. We examined specimens from R.D. Congo of N. cyaneiventris which differ from N. peringueyi not oly by the dark abdomen, but also by the longer maxillae, as long as the head and pronotum. Actually, N. cyaneiventris could be related to N. meraca, according to the shape of maxillae, and differs because of the abdomen colour which is blue and not partially red, even if the colour of abdomen is variable in this group of species. Nemognatha vansoni Kaszab, 1951 (Fig. Fig. 6F) Distribution. Botswana and Namibia. Material examined and literature records. [Kunene] Epupa: C43, near Opuwo, 17.8554°S 13.7981°E (CB). [Caprivi] Linyandi: E Caprivi, Mamili N.P. Liadura, Linyanti-Ufer, 18.1667°S 23.4333°E (MNB). [Otjozondjupa] Otavi: Helene 59, Grootfontein, 19.6430°S 17.1255°E (SMWN). Omatako: B1, 28 km S Otjiwarongo, 20.6806°S 16.7787°E (CB); Otjiamongombe West 44 (Erichsfelde) 43 km N Okahandja, 21.59867°S 16.94094°E (MNB). [Omaheke] Steinhausen: C30, 8 km S jct. C29, 21.8207°S 18.3307°E (CB). [Khomas] Windhoek East: Windhoek, 22.5700°S 17.0836°E (SMWN); near Windhoek, 22.5007°S 17.0836°E (JP). Windhoek Rural: Regenstein 32, 22.7178°S 17.0317°E (SMWN); D1261, Nauchas-Rehoboth, 1–40 km NW Nauchas, 23.5763°S 16.4588°E (CB). [Hardap] Gibeon: C14, 36 km S Maltahöhe, 24.9418°S 16.7928°E (CB). Other records: btw. Windhoek and Swakopmund (Kaszab, 1951, type locality); Namib Sand Sea desert (Seely 2012); Namibia (Bologna 2000a; Pitzalis et al. 2014). Remarks. Types of this species were examined at HNHM and NHP. The genus Nemognatha is widely distributed in the Old and New World and is morphologically very heterogenous with uncertain limits (see Bologna et al. 2013). N. vansoni greatly differs from all other Afrotropical congeneric, but, according to both adult and larval morphology (Di Giulio & Bologna 2007), it is maintained in the genus Nemognatha.Published as part of Bologna, Marco A., Amore, Valentina & Pitzalis, Monica, 2018, Meloidae of Namibia (Coleoptera): taxonomy and faunistics with biogeographic and ecological notes, pp. 1-141 in Zootaxa 4373 (1) on pages 98-99, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4373.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/115172
The roles of membranes and associated cytoskeleton in plant virus replication and cell-to-cell movement
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