1,721,540 research outputs found
The Uneven Pace of Deindustrialisation in the OECD.
No full textThroughout the OECD, the period since the 1970s saw a secular decline in manufacturing's share of GDP and a secular rise in the share of services. Despite this being a central feature of growth, the economic forces behind deindustrialisation and the reasons why its pace varied so markedly across OECD countries are not well understood. Adopting an econometric approach founded in neoclassical production theory, we provide an empirical analysis of the role of changes in relative prices, technology and factor endowments in driving changes in production structure. The speed of adjustment to changes in these determinants of production structure varies across OECD countries and is correlated with levels of employment protection
A Dynamic “Fixed Effects” Model for Heterogeneous Panel Data
Full text linkThis paper introduces a dynamic panel data model in which the intercepts and the coefficients on the lagged endogenous variables are specific to the cross section units, while the coefficients on the exogenous variables are assumed to be normally distributed across the cross section. Thus the model includes mixture of fixed coefficients and random coefficients, which I call the “MFR” model. The paper shows that this model has several desirable characteristics. In particular, the model allows for a considerable degree of heterogeneity across the cross section both in the dynamics and in the relationship between the independent and dependent variables. Estimation of the MFR model produces an estimate of the variance of the coefficients across the cross section units which can be used as a diagnostic tool to judge how widespread a relationship is and whether pooling of the data is appropriate. In addition, unlike LSDV estimation of dynamic panel models, the MFR model does not produce severely biased estimates when T is small.dynamic fixed effects panel data, heterogenous coefficients
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
The rise in unemployment
No full textFourteen papers presented at a conference on rising unemployment held at the White House Conference Centre, Chelwood Gate, Sussex, in May 1985. Specific topics include aggregate supply and demand factors in OECD unemployment; wage policies and adjustments; the divergence of unemployment rates; productivity; and industrial unemployment. Case studies are drawn from Australia; Austria; Belgium; Great Britain; Canada; the United States; France; West Germany; Italy; Japan; the Netherlands; and Spain. Bean and Layard are at the London School of Economics. Nickell is at Nuffield College, Oxford. Author and subject indexes
Technological change and growth dynamics: an analysis of UK industries
Full text linkIn this work we investigate the sources and growth effects of technological innovation in UK industries over the years 1966-1993. Our main finding is that technological activities are always beneficial to labour productivity growth and normally also beneficial to employment growth. Moreover, it is possible to aggregate industries into fairly stable technological clusters, and the main sources of innovation change broadly in accordance with the technological characterisation of the industry. We also analyse the effect of inter-industry demand transmissions on employment share dynamics, and find that these effects are generally important. However, demand expansions in customer industries do not always imply expanding employment shares in supplying industries, and we did not find any evident linkage between the sign of the demand effect and the technological characterisation of industries. Testing the models developed to fit observed changes in labour productivity and employment shares over the periods 1974-79 and 1979-91, we find that growth dynamics over the period 1974-79 have been more related to technological change than over the period 1979-91. In particular, pure capital deepening has been one of the main engines of growth over the period 1979-91
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