1,721,301 research outputs found
Data for ‘Instantaneous Systems of Communicative Conventions’ - Misyak & Chater
No full textData files and codebooks for the paper ‘Instantaneous systems of communicative conventions through virtual bargaining,’ authored by Jennifer Misyak and Nick Chater
sj-pdf-1-pss-10.1177_09567976221089599 – Supplemental material for Perceptual and Cognitive Judgments Show Both Anchoring and Repulsion
No full textSupplemental material, sj-pdf-1-pss-10.1177_09567976221089599 for Perceptual and Cognitive Judgments Show Both Anchoring and Repulsion by Jake Spicer, Jian-Qiao Zhu, Nick Chater and Adam N. Sanborn in Psychological Science</p
sj-pdf-2-pss-10.1177_09567976221089599 – Supplemental material for Perceptual and Cognitive Judgments Show Both Anchoring and Repulsion
No full textSupplemental material, sj-pdf-2-pss-10.1177_09567976221089599 for Perceptual and Cognitive Judgments Show Both Anchoring and Repulsion by Jake Spicer, Jian-Qiao Zhu, Nick Chater and Adam N. Sanborn in Psychological Science</p
Sequence effects in categorization of simple perceptual stimuli
Full text linkCategorization research typically assumes that the cognitive system has access to a (more or less noisy) representation of the absolute magnitudes of the properties of stimuli and that this information is used in reaching a categorization decision. However, research on identification of simple perceptual stimuli suggests that people have very poor representations of absolute magnitude information and that judgments about absolute magnitude are strongly influenced by preceding material. The experiments presented here investigate such sequence effects in categorization tasks. Strong sequence effects were found. Classification of a borderline stimulus was more accurate when preceded by a distant member of the opposite category than by a distant member of the same category. It is argued that this category contrast effect cannot be accounted for by extant exemplar or decision-bound models of categorization. The effect suggests the use of relative magnitude information in categorization. A memory and contrast model illustrates how relative magnitude information may be used in categorization
The effect of category variability in perceptual categorization
Full text linkExemplar and distributional accounts of categorization make differing predictions for the classification of a critical exemplar precisely halfway between the nearest exemplars of 2 categories differing in variability. Under standard conditions of sequential presentation, the critical exemplar was classified into the most similar, least variable category, consistent with an exemplar account. However, if the difference in variability is made more salient, then the same exemplar is classified into the more variable, most likely category, consistent with a distributional account. This suggests that participants may be strategic in their use of either strategy. However, when the relative variability of 2 categories was manipulated, participants showed changes in the classification of intermediate exemplars that neither approach could account for
Empiricism and Language Learnability
No full textNick Chater, Alexander Clark, John A. Goldsmith, Amy Perfor
Datasets for ‘Instantaneous Conventions’ (Misyak, Noguchi, and Chater; Psychological Science)
No full textData files for the paper ‘Instantaneous conventions: The emergence of flexible communicative signals,’ authored by Jennifer Misyak, Takao Noguchi, and Nick Chater
Categorization as nonparametric Bayesian density estimation
Full text linkAbstract
The authors apply the state of the art techniques from machine learning and statistics to reconceptualize the problem of unsupervised category learning, and to relate it to previous psychologically motivated models, especially Anderson's rational analysis of categorization. The resulting analysis provides a deeper understanding of the motivations underlying the classic models of category representation, based on prototypes or exemplars, as well as shedding new light on the empirical data. Exemplar models assume that a category is represented by a set of stored exemplars, and categorizing new stimuli involves comparing these stimuli to the set of exemplars in each category. Prototype models assume that a category is associated with a single prototype and categorization involves comparing new stimuli to these prototypes. These approaches to category learning correspond to different strategies for density estimation used in statistics, being nonparametric and parametric density estimation respectively.Thomas L. Griffiths, Adam N. Sanborn, Kevin R. Canini and Daniel J. Navarrohttp://www.oup.com.au/titles/academic/psychology/978019921609
Rational analysis of reading: Identifying optimal representations and the implications for reading instruction
No full textOne of the difficulties in learning to read English is that the relationship between spelling and sound is not always consistent (eg 'ck' is always pronounced as in tick, but 'ou' can be pronounced several ways; touch, group, mould, etc.). Larger spelling-to-sound mappings can often reduce this inconsistency (eg 'oup' is always pronounced as in group). A word can therefore be decoded in different ways, depending on the size of spelling-to-sound mappings used. Whilst research supports the use of spelling-to-sound mappings as vital for learning to read, opinion has been divided over what type, and how many taught mappings produce the best results in terms of reading ability. The primary goal of this research is to identify which spelling-to-sound mappings have the greatest potential in terms of learning outcome for beginning readers. It uses methods developed within psychology and Information Theory to evaluate issues such as whether some types of spelling-to-sound mappings (eg small as in 'ou' or large as in 'oup') are in general more useful than others, which mappings would appear in an optimal set for instruction purposes, and which mappings should be introduced early or late in instruction
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