4 research outputs found
Lie group invariant finite-difference schemes for the neutron diffusion equation
No full textFinite difference techniques are used to solve a variety of differential equations. For the neutron diffusion equation, the typical local truncation error for standard finite difference approximation is on the order of the mesh spacing squared. To improve the accuracy of the finite difference approximation of the diffusion equation, the invariance properties of the original differential equation have been incorporated into the finite difference equations. Using the concept of an invariant difference operator, the invariant difference approximations of the multi-group neutron diffusion equation were determined in one-dimensional slab and two-dimensional Cartesian coordinates, for multiple region problems. These invariant difference equations were defined to lie upon a cell edged mesh as opposed to the standard difference equations, which lie upon a cell centered mesh. Results for a variety of source approximations showed that the invariant difference equations were able to determine the eigenvalue with greater accuracy, for a given mesh spacing, than the standard difference approximation. The local truncation errors for these invariant difference schemes were found to be highly dependent upon the source approximation used, and the type of source distribution played a greater role in determining the accuracy of the invariant difference scheme than the local truncation error.Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-07T12:58:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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KATSE ETEENPÄIN : Lapin rajavartioston varusmiesten voimavarat ja jaksamista kuormittavat tekijät varusmieskoulutuksessa
No full textMaritta Rantakeisu. KATSE ETEENPÄIN – Lapin rajavartioston varusmiesten voimavarat ja jaksamista kuormittavat tekijät varusmiespalveluksessa. Kevät 2018. 15 s Diakonia-ammattikorkeakoulu. Hoitotyön koulutusohjelma, hoitotyön suuntautumisvaihtoehto. Sairaanhoitaja (AMK) -diakonissa.
Opinnäytetyölläni haluan kiinnittää huomiota varusmiespalveluksessa selviytymisen tukemiseen, jotta vältyttäisiin ennenaikaisilta palveluksen keskeytymisiltä. Lapin rajavartioston rajajääkärikomppania on Suomen pohjoisin varusmieskoulutusyksikkö, joka toimii saamelaisalueella. Haastavissa olosuhteissa tapahtuva varusmieskoulutus vaatii nuorelta hyvää stressinsietokykyä ja valmiuksia toimia hyvinkin vaihtelevissa olosuhteissa. Lapin rajavartiosto kouluttaa vuosittain yli kaksisataa varusmiestä poikkeusolojen ja sodan ajan tehtäviin. Johtajakoulutukseen valittujen koulutusaika on 347 vuorokautta ja miehistöön kuuluvilla rajajääkäreillä 165 vuorokautta.
Aineisto kerättiin sähköisenä webpropol kyselynä toukokuussa 2017. Kyselyn aikana komppaniassa palveli 105 varusmiestä. Kyselyyn vastasi 81 varusmiestä, joista 50 oli johtajakoulutuksessa ja loput 31 vastaajaa oli rajajääkäreitä. Vastausprosentti oli 77 %. Vastauksia ei eritelty ryhmittäin.
Varusmiehet saivat eniten tukea omaan jaksamiseensa palveluskavereilta. Tämä kuvastaa hyvää ryhmähengen merkitystä. Myös itse itsensä tukijana ilmeni vastauksissa. Samoin itse omana tukijana nousi vastauksissa. Terveysaseman hoitohenkilökunta tuki riittävästi. Sairaanhoitajalta odotettiin enemmän henkilökohtaisia keskusteluhetkiä jaksamiseen liittyvissä asioissa. Samoin sotilaspapin läsnäoloa toivottiin enemmän esimerkiksi maastoharjoituksiin
Koko palvelusajan kiirettä pidettiin suurimpana haasteena selviytyä varusmiespalveluksesta. Vastaajat kokivat epätarkkojen ja myöhään annettujen ohjeiden lisäävän kiireen tuntua. Oman ajan puute johti yhteydenpidon läheisiin hankalana. Koulutus kesti aamusta myöhään iltaan. Sotilaallinen kuri koettiin kiireenä ja haastavana fyysisenä rasituksena. Maastossa unen puute, pitkät siirtymiset vaikuttivat psyykkiseen ja henkiseen jaksamiseen. Vuodenaikojen vaihtelut, erityisesti talviaikana kylmyys ja pimeys verottivat jaksamista. Siviilipuolen asioista nousi omien raha-asioiden hoitaminen ja ihmissuhdemuutokset erityisesti ero kumppanista.
Motivaation puutetta ei vastauksissa käynyt ilmi, mutta sen sijaan kritiikkiä vanhanaikaisiksi koetuista menetelmistä. Koulutukseen liittyviä asioita toivottiin järkiperäistettävän ja enemmän avoimuutta sekä kannustavampaa otetta varusmieskoulutukseen. Fyysistä rasitusta voisi porrastaa alkuvaiheessa.
Asiasanat: Varusmieskoulutus, henkinen jaksaminen, palveluksen keskeytyminen.ABSTRACK
Maritta Rantakeisu. EYES FRONT- The resources of conscripts and stress factors of military service in Lapland Border Guard. Spring 2018. 15 p.Language: Finnish.
Diaconia University of Applied Sciences. Beahelor of Health Care, Deaconal Nursing. Registered Nurse.
In the thesis the author draws attention to supporting the coping of the conscripts in order to avoid the young person`s premature interruption of servica. The Frontier Jaeger Unit of Border Guard Unit of Lapland is the northernmost conscript training unit in Finland, which operates in the Sámi region. Conscript R training in challenging circumstances requiresfrom the young people to have good stress resistance and ability to operate under very varying conditions. The Lapland Border Guard trains annually over two hundred conscripts for emergency situations and war time tasks. Training time selected for leadership training is 347 days and for rank members 165 days.
The thesis was carried out as a quantitative semi-structured study. The material was collected as an electronic Webpropol questionnaire in May 2017. During the survey, 105 conscripts served in the troops. The questionnaire was answered by 81 conscripts, 50 of whom were in leadership training and the remaining 31 respondents were frontier jaegers. The response rate was 77%. Answers were not broken down by group.
Conscripts received the most support for their own well-being from service friends. This reflects the importance of good group spirit. Likewise, the selfsuppor came up in the answers. The health care staff provided enough support. The nurse was expected to have more personal discussions on issues related to coping. Likewise, more presence of a military priest was hopend for, for example during field exercises.
The urgency was felt throughout the service period, but in particular it made it difficult at the beginning of the service. The conscript team leaders experienced inadequate and late instructions to increase the sense of urgency. The lack of time made it difficult to keep contact with the close ones. The training lasted from morning to late evening. Military discipline was felt as a busy and challenging physical burden. In the field, the lack of sleep and long transitions ate mental and physical well-being. The fluctuations of the seasons, especially during the winter, coldness and darkness were tiring. Of the civil issues rose up takig care of one`s financial issues and relationship changes, particularly being apart from one`s partner. It was a surprise that the lack of motivation did not emerge, mainly criticism came from old-fashioned methods. Training issues could be rationalized, hoping for a more open and supporting touch for the whole military training. Physical strain could be staggered in the early stages
Key words: conscript training, mental well-being, interruption of servic
An ERP investigation of premotor sensory activity and response control in adults with Developmental Coordination Disorder.
No full textWithin the Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) literature the primary research focus has been directed towards children with DCD. Little has been investigated regarding the long term prognosis of these individuals with regards to the impact of the disorder in later life. Also, previous investigations and resulting suggestions of underlying aetiology have been based on behavioural data of poor performance with few studies examining the underlying biological considerations. Thus, the research within this thesis had two key aims. The first being to examine underlying processes associated with adaptive and goal directed movement in a sample of adults with DCD. The second aim was to provide biological evidence for the continued difficulties of adults with DCD.
Previous work in the area of cognitive psychology has identified distinct sensory and motor control functions as hallmarks of efficient and adaptive movement. This thesis explores the underlying sensory and motor control abilities of adults with DCD. There were two key aspects of this thesis with the first consisting of an investigation into the manner in which adults with DCD utilize sensory functions as a consequence of movement preparation. The secondary portion of this thesis focused on two key aspects of response modulation, the ability to effectively activate cortical regions underpinning effector response and response inhibition. Both aspects of the thesis drew methodological influences from the field of electroencephalography. This approach provided direct biological measurement of both sensory and response related activity.
The data obtained within this thesis provides evidence that adults with DCD do in fact demonstrate both atypical behavioural and biological functions during manual response activity. Chapter 4 highlighted key behavioural findings identifying that the DCD group demonstrates continued difficulty with accurate movement compared to typically developing peers. Chapters 5 and 6 focused on sensory activity as a consequence of movement preparation. The findings from these chapters suggest that adults with DCD present with maladaptive early sensory processing functions required for accurate movement output. Findings from the later chapters investigating response related activity suggest that adults with DCD experience difficulty with both measures of response activation and inhibition.
In summary, these findings suggest that adults with DCD experience an array of sensorimotor and response related difficulties vital to adaptive goal directed movement. Importantly, the findings presented within this thesis are the first to present direct biological based evidence for continued difficulties in a sample of adults with DCD. Conclusions are discussed in relation to previous research along with the possible influences these findings have in behaviour. The limitations of the current research and suggestions for future work are also considered
Efficacy of interventions to prevent musculoskeletal disorders in construction workers. A systematic review
No full textilustraciones, graficasIntroducción: El sector de la construcción es uno de los sectores que tiene mayor riesgo
de desarrollar TME debido a que las tareas llevadas a cabo en el proceso de trabajo
requieren una alta demanda física. Por lo que es de gran importancia generar y establecer
las estrategias de intervención más eficaces para la prevención de TME en el lugar de
trabajo.
Objetivo: Determinar la eficacia de las intervenciones implementadas para prevenir los
trastornos musculoesqueléticos en trabajadores de la construcción.
Sujetos y Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática en las bases de datos
Cochrane, PubMed, EMBASE, Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), LILACS y
SCOPUS: con corte a Junio de 2017. Se seleccionaron ensayos clínicos controlados
aleatorizados que aplicaron programas de intervención enfocados a la prevención de TME
en la construcción. Se realizó el análisis de datos a partir de la evaluación de calidad,
riesgo de sesgo, la heterogeneidad clínica y estadística de los estudios seleccionados.
Resultados: Se identificaron 7 estudios que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. Para
el análisis se identificaron 4 grupos según protocolos de intervención, el análisis de
heterogeneidad clínica estableció gran variedad en los protocolos de intervención y en las
variables resultado. El análisis de heterogeneidad estadística realizado para el grupo de
intervención de un programa de educación especifico en síntomas musculoesqueléticos
para 7 variables demostró homogeneidad estadística: I² de 0% y una variable con
heterogeneidad moderada: I² de 37%. El efecto entre los estudios no es claro en el grupo
experimental, debido a que se distribuye desde el grupo experimental al grupo control, los
resultados no fueron estadísticamente significativos.
Conclusiones: Se puede concluir que no hay pruebas suficientes sobre la efectividad de
las intervenciones en los trabajadores de la construcción encontradas tanto en la
disminución de síntomas musculoesqueléticos y ausencia por enfermedad como en el
aumento de la capacidad de trabajo y cambios en el comportamiento como el uso de
medidas ergonómicas. Por lo tanto, es de gran importancia realizar más investigaciones
ECAS con metodología rigurosa preferiblemente con intervenciones integrales enfocadas
a las diferentes condiciones de trabajo y a las características individuales de las personas. (Texto tomado de la fuente)Introduction: The construction sector is one of the sectors with the highest risk of
developing MSD because the tasks carried out in the work process require a high physical
demand. Therefore, it’s very important to generate and establish the effective intervention
strategies for the prevention of MSD in the workplace.
Subjects and Methods: A systematic search was performed in the databases: Cochrane,
PubMed, EMBASE, Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), LILACS and SCOPUS
with a cut-off to June 2017. Randomized controlled clinical trials were selected that applied
targeted intervention programs to the prevention of TME in construction. Data analysis was
carried out based assessment on quality, risk of bias, clinical and statistical heterogeneity
of the selected studies.
Results: Seven studies that met the inclusion criteria were identified. For the analysis, 4
groups were identified according to intervention protocols, the analysis of clinical
heterogeneity established great variety in the intervention protocols and the outcome
variables. The analysis of statistical heterogeneity performed for the intervention group of
a specific education program in musculoskeletal symptoms for 7 variables showed
statistical homogeneity: I² of 0% and one variable with moderate heterogeneity: I² of 37%.
The effect between the studies is not clear in the experimental group, because it is
distributed from the experimental group to the control group, the results were not
statistically significant.
Conclusions: It can be concluded that there isn’t enough evidence on the effectiveness of
interventions in construction workers found in the reduction of musculoskeletal symptoms
and sick leave and the increase in work capacity and changes in behavior such as use of
ergonomic measures. Therefore, it’s of great importance to do more ECAS research with
rigorous methodology preferably with integral interventions focused on the different working
conditions and the individual characteristics of the people.MaestríaMagíster en Salud y Seguridad en El TrabajoRevisión sistemática siguiendo el Manual Cochrane de revisiones sistemáticas de intervenciones
2.6 Criterios de inclusión de la Evidencia
2.6.1 Tipo de estudios
Siguiendo los criterios de elegibilidad se seleccionaron los ECAs (individual o por grupo), los ensayos controlados cuasialeatorios y ensayos clínicos no aleatorizados, en cualquier idioma, esto debido a que la asignación al azar no es factible para todas las intervenciones y es más difícil llevar a cabo los estudios aleatorios en el ámbito laboral.
2.6.2 Tipo de población
Se incluyeron los estudios en los que los participantes eran adultos mayores de 18 años, trabajadores de la construcción. Se excluyeron los estudios que incluyeron trabajadores con enfermedades del sistema nervioso central, enfermedades reumáticas inflamatorias, trastornos musculares degenerativos o eventos traumáticos agudos.
2.6.3 Tipo de intervención
Se incluyeron los estudios que evaluaron los efectos específicos de alguno de los siguientes tipos de intervenciones:
- Diseño ergonómico de equipos y herramientas;
- Diseño ergonómico del lugar de trabajo;
- Diseño de las tareas que puede incluir rotación de trabajo, ampliación de trabajo, ritmo de tarea/ máquina, recesos de trabajo, y horas de trabajo, entre otras modificaciones organizacionales y administrativas.
- Formación o capacitación ergonómica incluyendo formación en adopción de posturas adecuadas, manejo manual de cargas, uso y manipulación adecuada de materiales, equipos y herramientas, entre otros;
- Programas de ejercicios físicos o acondicionamiento físico.
No se tuvo restricción en el tipo de comparación ya que podría ser alguna de las intervenciones versus ninguna intervención, o un control de placebo, o una intervención diferente.
2.6.4 Tipo de medidas resultado
Para que los estudios fueran aceptados dentro de la revisión debieron incluir por lo menos alguna de las medidas de resultado como medidas de base y post intervención.
• Número de trabajadores con trastornos musculoesqueléticos recién diagnosticado o verificado (casos incidentes).
• Reporte de presencia de dolor relacionado con el sistema musculoesquelético.
• Cambios en el sistema muscular resultado de acondicionamiento físico.
• Cambios en la postura
