138 research outputs found
Lack of the notification the law on gambling to the european commission and the possibility of applying administrative sanctions against entities conducting economoc activity using gambling machin
No full textCel: Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przybliżeniem kwestii stosowania przez sądy administracyjne art. 14 ust. 1 oraz 89 ust. 1 pkt 2 ustawy z dnia 19.11.2009 r. o grach hazardowych, które to przepisy nie zostały notyfikowane Komisji Europejskiej pomimo takiego wymogu wynikającego z prawa unijnego, tj. art. 8 ust. 1 oraz art. 1 pkt 11 Dyrektywy 98/34/WE Parlamentu Europejskiego i Rady z dnia 22 czerwca 1998 r., ustanawiającej procedurę udzielania informacji w dziedzinie norm i przepisów technicznych oraz zasad dotyczących usług społeczeństwa informacyjnego, zmienionej dyrektywą Rady 2006/96/WE z dnia 20 listopada 2006 r. Wprowadzenie: W treści artykułu analizowane są stanowiska zajmowane przez polskie sądy administracyjne w tym zakresie oraz dokonywana jest ich ocena w kontekście prawa unijnego, orzecznictwa Trybunału Sprawiedliwości Unii Europejskiej oraz podstawowych zasad prawoznawstwa oraz teorii prawa. Szczególnie eksponowana jest kwestia powiązania oraz relacji tych dwóch przepisów ustawy o grach hazardowych. Metodologia: Praca oparta jest na metodzie formalno-dogmatycznej, bowiem odwołuje się do konkretnych przepisów prawa zarówno krajowego, jak i unijnego oraz prezentuje sposób ich interpretacji oraz konsekwencje subsumpcji określonych stanów faktycznych i prawnych w orzecznictwie krajowym oraz unijnym. Omawiana w niej jest także bardzo ważna uchwała dla analizowanego zagadnienia – uchwała Naczelnego Sądu Administracyjnego z dnia 16 maja 2016 roku. Autor analizuje także zasadę estoppel w odniesieniu do nakładania kar administracyjnych na podmioty prywatne, pomimo tego, że to państwo nie wykonało ciążącego na nim obowiązku notyfikacji przepisów technicznych Komisji Europejskiej. Wnioski: Pracę zamykają wnioski końcowe, z których wynika, iż polskie sądy administracyjne w tym Naczelny Sąd Administracyjny, w zdecydowanej większości w sposób błędny odczytały relację pomiędzy treścią art. 14 ust. 1 oraz 89 ust. 1 pkt 2 ustawy z dnia 19.11.2009 r. o grach hazardowych, ignorując przy tym dorobek orzecznictwa Trybunału Sprawiedliwości Unii Europejskiej oraz fundamentalne zasady prawa unijnego. Istnieją w tym zakresie jednak nieliczne wyjątki, tj. odmienne orzeczenia sądów administracyjnych, czy też zdania odrębne zgłoszone do nieprawidłowych rozstrzygnięć.The aim: The purpose of this article is to present the application of Article 14 paragraph 1 and Article 89 paragraph 1 point 2 of the Act of 19 November 2009 on gambling law by the administrative courts. These provisions have not been notified to the European Commission in spite of such a requirement under EU law – Art. 8 paragraph 1 and Art. 1 point 11 of Directive 98/34/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 June 1998 laying down a procedure for the provision of information in the field of technical standards and regulations and rules on information society services, as amended by Council Directive 2006/96/EC of 20 November 2006. Introduction: In the article, the positions taken by the Polish administrative courts in this area are analyzed and their assessment is made in the context of EU law, the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union and fundamental principles of jurisprudence and legal theory. Particularly, the question of linkage and the relationship of these two provisions of the law on gambling is exposed. The methodology: The work is based on the formal-dogmatic method, because it refers to the specific provisions of the law both national and EU, and shows their interpretation and implications of subsumption of specific facts and the legal issues in the national and EU jurisprudence. It also discusses – very important for the clarifying the analyzed issues – Resolution of the Supreme Administrative Court of 16 May 2016 year. The author also analyzes the principle of estoppel in relation to the imposition of administrative penalties on private parties, despite of the fact that a State did not fulfill its obligation to notify technical regulations to the European Commission. Conclusions: The work ends up with the conclusions, which show that the Polish administrative courts including the Supreme Administrative Court, in the vast majority erroneously red out the relationship between the content of Art. 14 paragraph 1 and Art. 89 paragraph 1 point 2 of the Act of 19.11.2009 r. on gambling ignoring the achievements of the Court of Justice of European Union and the fundamental principles of EU law. There are in this field, however, a few exceptions, ie. different rulings of administrative courts or dissenting opinions to incorrect judicial decisions
Adapting to a new role: a study designed to help senior managers adapt to new positions after organisation restructuring
No full textThe work on which this thesis is based, studies the implementation phase of the total organisation restructure of the National Health Service in 1974 as experienced by a large group of Senior Pharmaceutical Managers who found it difficult to establish themselves in their new positions. The study starts in 1976 and researches to identify the nature and cause of the difficulties facing the managers. It is concluded that the probable cause is rooted in the sudden destruction of mechanisms developed before 1974 to assist new managers establish themselves in their positions. A solution is designed and tested before being implemented with the Senior Pharmaceutical Managers, By 1977 it had become clear that a similar situation faced other large groups of Senior Managers belonging to the Nursing and Works professions of the Health Service. As a result the project and study is continued to help these two other professions and with apparent equal success until 1985.A number of objectives are met during this study. A system is developed for facilitating role identification and implementation during a period of organisation restructuring as a means to help new managers adapt and become established in equally new positions. In addition this project is an example of the use of collaboration as a method to assist large numbers of senior managers belonging to Health Service professions meet radically new demands of role
Proust engine : night train
No full textAutorka analizuje rolę nowoczesnych machin, które zaczynają służyć celom estetycznym w powieści Prousta "W poszukiwaniu straconego czasu". Kolej żelazna, fonografia, telegrafia, telefonia, kinematografia, technika rentgenowska, automobile, samoloty - wszystko to w Poszukiwaniu panoramicznie przechodzi nam przed oczyma i wzmacnia wielki temat opowieści: czas utracony. Nowoczesność, powiada Danius, przynosi ze sobą emancypację zmysłów, polegającą tym, że nie są już one wyłącznie narzędziem poznania ale przeniesione zostają do sfery estetyki.The author analyses the role of modern pieces of machinery whose purpose in Marcel Proust's novel cycle Ala recherche du temps perdu becomes aesthetic. Railroad, phonogra phy telegraphy telephony cinematography x-ray technology automobiles, airplanes - all that passes fonA/ard in front of the reader's eyes, reinforcing the cycle's grand theme: the "lost time". Modernity as Ms. Danius argues, brings about an emancipation of the senses in that the latter are no more merely an instrument of cognition but are transferred to the sphere of aesthetics
Matching higher education and labour market in the knowledge economy: the much needed reform of university governance in Italy
No full textIn the knowledge economy and current public finance constraints, matching higher education and labour market is not one of the main issues in higher education policy sustainability: it is “the issue”. Being universities’ sources of funding almost entirely domestic and in most countries primarily governmental, politicians are expected to ensure that the increasing public investment in higher education is justified by the fact that the benefits are captured by domestic workers and investors. In doing so they must avoid disrupting the international and free community of scholars and students pursuing knowledge, killing the goose that laid the golden eggs for so long. The European debate and frontiers of research concerning the interactions between universities and labour markets are analyzed. The much needed reform of university governance in Italy is evaluated in its premises and implications for the matching of higher education and labour market.higher education,university,knowledge economy,labour market,governance,new managerialism
Visualization across the pond: how a wireless PDA can collaborate with million-polygon datasets via 9,000km of cable
No full textWe present an initial report on using our distributed, collaborative grid enabled visualization environment to link SuperComputing 2004 (Pittsburgh, PA, USA) with the Cardiff School of Computer Science (Cardiff, Wales, UK). A PDA was used to visualize large, shared datasets (in the range of 0.5--4.5 million polygons) stored in Cardiff, interacting with a laptop (rendering the data locally). The system used was the Resource-Aware Visualization Environment (RAVE), deployed as Web Services running in the background on remote machines. This enables us to use a wide range of heterogeneous machines without being concerned with the underlying implementation of RAVE, or the architecture of the machin
Geochemical analysis of silica and travertine hydrothermal precipitates at the Cerro Machín volcanic system
No full textThe dacitic Cerro Machin Volcano, associated with bicarbonate waters, resides within the Tolima department of the Colombian Republic. At this system, two types of precipitates were identified through the study of three epithermal, and possibly low-sulphidation, localities. The locality of Puente Tierra consists predominantly of carbonate deposits with aragonite as the main mineral. In contrast, the locality of Aguas Calientes lacks significant carbonate deposits, but is dominated instead by amorphous silica. The third locality, Estalagmitas, can be characterized by a mix between the two other localities, because it is dominated by amorphous silica and carbonates in the form of calcite. To further understand the genesis of such deposits, the elemental composition of the hot springs has been analysed by inductively coupled mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Complementary to this, the elemental composition of the hot spring deposits has been analysed by x-ray fluorescence (XRF). Initial results show that the physical parameters and elemental compositions of the hot springs can be used to understand the processes that form silica and travertine deposits. This study further shows that the carbonate deposits at Puente Tierra might also incorporate As through an arsenate replacement of the carbonate ion. Furthermore, by using the Giggenbach diagram, it was possible to estimate the reservoir temperature (160°C – 180°C) of the hydrothermal system at the CMV. This potentially implies cooling of the deep reservoir over a period of 42 years. Finally, the results from this research project could be useful to study the microbial biofilms observed growing on the sides of the precipitates.Pregrad
New Data and Output Concepts for Understanding Productivity Trends
No full textThe present study is the second is a series of three papers devoted to issues in the measurement of productivity and productivity growth. The contributions of the present paper are three. First, it introduces a new approach to measuring industrial productivity based on income-side data that are published by the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA). The data are internally consistent in that both inputs and outputs are income-side measures of value added, whereas the usual productivity measures combine expenditure-side output measures with income-side input measures. Second, because of interest in the "new economy," we have also constructed a set of new- economy accounts. For the purpose of this study, we define the new economy as machinery, electric equipment, telephone and telegraph, and software. Finally, because of concerns about poor deflation in the current output measures, this study constructs a new output concept called "well-measured output," which includes only those sectors for which output is relatively well measured. We present a brief summary of the behavior of the alternative measures.Productivity, new economy, price measurement, well-measured output
Trade Induced Technical Change? The Impact of Chinese Imports on Innovation, IT and Productivity
No full textWe examine the impact of Chinese import competition on broad measures of technical change - patenting, IT, R&D, TFP and management practices - using new panel data across twelve European countries between 1996-2007. We correct for endogeneity using the removal of product-specific quotas following China's entry into the World Trade Organization. Chinese import competition (1) led to increased technical change within firms; and (2) reallocated employment between firms towards more technologically advanced firms. These within and between effects were about equal in magnitude, and appear to account for 15% of European technology upgrading over 2000-2007 (and even higher when allowing for offshoring to China). Rising Chinese import competition also led to falls in employment, profits, prices and the share of unskilled workers. By contrast, import competition from developed countries had no effect on innovation. We develop a simple "trapped factor" model that is consistent with these empirical findings.China, technical change, trade, firm survival, employment
British Relative Economic Decline Revisited
No full textThis paper examines the role of competition in productivity performance in Britain over the period from the late-nineteenth to the early twenty-first century. A detailed review of the evidence suggests that the weakness of competition from the 1930s to the 1970s undermined productivity growth but since the 1970s stronger competition has been a key ingredient in ending relative economic decline. The productivity implications of the retreat from competition resulted in large part from interactions with idiosyncratic British institutional structures in terms of corporate governance and industrial relations. This account extends familiar insights from cliometrics both analytically and chronologically.competition; productivity; relative economic decline
The Surprising Retreat of Union Britain
No full textAfter expanding in the 1970s, unionism in Britain contracted substantially over the next two decades. This paper argues that the statutory reforms in the 1980s and 1990s were of less consequence in accounting for the decline of unionism than the withdrawal of the state's indirect support for collective bargaining. The principal goal of the reforms was to boost productivity so the paper examines the link between unions and productivity finding only a small association by the end of the 1990s. Private sector unionism has become highly decentralized which renders it vulnerable to the vagaries of market forces.
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