21,054 research outputs found
Competition Policy in Network Industries: An Introduction
No full textThe author discusses issues of the application of antitrust law and regulatory rules to network industries. In assessing the application of antitrust in network industries, we analyze a number of relevant features of network industries and the way in which antitrust law and regulatory rules can affect them. These relevant features include (among others) network effects, market structure, market share and profits inequality, choice of technical standards, relationship between the number of active firms and social benefits, existence of market power, leveraging of market power in complementary markets, and innovation races. The author finds that there are often significant differences on the effects of application of antitrust law in network and non-network industries.
sj-docx-1-psp-10.1177_01461672211048291 – Supplemental material for Appearance Reveals Music Preferences
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-1-psp-10.1177_01461672211048291 for Appearance Reveals Music Preferences by Laura Tian, Ravin Alaei and Nicholas O. Rule in Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin</p
Rule of law or rule of thumb? A new Copenhagen mechanism for the EU. CEPS Policy Brief No. 303, 20 November 2013
No full textThis Policy Brief synthesises the main research findings and policy recommendations presented in the CEPS e-book entitled The Triangular Relationship between Fundamental Rights, Democracy and Rule of Law: Towards an EU Copenhagen Mechanism” (http://www.ceps.eu/book/triangular-relationship-between-fundamental-righ...). The authors examine the ways in which the European Union could strengthen and develop its competences in the assessment of member states’ fundamental rights, democracy and rule of law commitments. They argue that a strong political impetus is needed at Union level in order to set up a new supervisory “Copenhagen Mechanism” that would effectively and periodically evaluate member states’ compliance with democratic rule of law with fundamental rights on the basis of independent academic expertise, and by ensuring a high level of democratic accountability and judicial oversight at European levels. The Policy Brief also aims at summarising CEPS’ contribution to the upcoming Conference “Assises de la Justice: Shaping Justice Policies in Europe for the Years to Come” organised by the European Commission in Brussels on 21-22 November 2013
Identification of Evolving Rule-based Models.
No full textAn approach to identification of evolving fuzzy rule-based (eR) models is proposed. eR models implement a method for the noniterative update of both the rule-base structure and parameters by incremental unsupervised learning. The rule-base evolves by adding more informative rules than those that previously formed the model. In addition, existing rules can be replaced with new rules based on ranking using the informative potential of the data. In this way, the rule-base structure is inherited and updated when new informative data become available, rather than being completely retrained. The adaptive nature of these evolving rule-based models, in combination with the highly transparent and compact form of fuzzy rules, makes them a promising candidate for modeling and control of complex processes, competitive to neural networks. The approach has been tested on a benchmark problem and on an air-conditioning component modeling application using data from an installation serving a real building. The results illustrate the viability and efficiency of the approach. (c) IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy System
Rule of Law, Institutional Quality and Information
No full textThe focus of this paper is the analysis of the persistent lawlessness attitude observed in some transition and developing countries where an overall increase in the quality of institutions is recorded. The mechanism of information diffusion on institutional quality is explored using a model where the state confronts a continuum of agents prone to either strip assets or to invest. The model predicts that high uncertainty and potential sunk costs in a situation of rule of law enforcement push the economy towards anarchy, a Pareto-dominated equilibrium. Vice versa, if the assets' value and the cost of asset-stripping are high, this is instrumental to a rule of law enforcement, a Pareto-dominant equilibrium. High institutional quality can increase the likelihood of rule of law enforcement if there is enough information about the strength of institutions. On the other hand, if good institutions and good information about institutions do not come together, there is scope for the puzzled co-existence of advancement in reforms and poor property rights protection.rule of law, institutions, global games
Tsar and people : populist nationalism of the Emperor Nicholas II
No full textIn his article Sergei Podbolotov explores the politics and doctrine of the last Russian emperor, Nicholas II, in the context of the history of Russian nationalism. Podbolotov situates the dynastic nationalism of Nicholas II in the continuum of the Russian dynasty’s reaction to the challenge of modernity and modern nationalism, which brought about a hybrid version of völkisch ideology, Romanticism, and monarchism. The author analyzes the relationship among the monarchy, bureaucracy, Russian educated society, and rightwing nationalist parties at the beginning of the twentieth century and traces Nicholas II’s peculiar perception of power and nationhood and its influence on political reforms at the beginning of the 20th century. Podbolotov argues that the last Russian monarch faced the dilemma of balancing between the pattern of the popular peasant father-tsar and the modern role of the monarch in governing the empire. Nicholas II’s inability to resolve this dilemma serves as an explanation of the particularly devastating political crisis at the end of his rule
French interlanguage oral corpora: recent developments
No full textThe raw data for any second language acquisition research, namely interlanguage corpora, are one of our most expensive resources to collect. New methodologies now make it relatively easy to share this resource, by storing digitised soundfiles and transcripts on the Internet, thus making oral interlanguage corpora accessible to other L2 researchers.The article first discusses the possibilities offered by new methodologies, in terms of data storage, management and data analysis, and it then presents current efforts to develop web-based access to French oral interlanguage corpora of learners at different levels and with different backgrounds.Finally, the article presents a short inventory of the French interlanguage oral corpora currently available, indicating in each case the author and main outputs to date, as well as providing information about the learners, the format of the corpus (e.g. longitudinal versus cross-sectional data; transcription conventions) and its accessibility to users
Competition Policy In Network Industries: An Introduction
No full textWe discuss issues of the application of antitrust law and regulatory rules to network industries. In assessing the application of antitrust in network industries, we analyze a number of relevant features of network industries and the way in which antitrust law and regulatory rules can affect them. These relevant features include (among others) network effects, market structure, market share and profits inequality, choice of technical standards, relationship between the number of active firms and social benefits, existence of market power, leveraging of market power in complementary markets, and innovation races. We find that there are often significant differences on the effects of application of antitrust law in network and non-network industries.networks, network effects, public policy, antitrust, telecommunications, technical standards
Convergence to Equilibria in Plurality Voting
No full textMulti-agent decision problems, in which independent agents have to agree on a joint plan of action or allocation of resources, are central to AI. In such situations, agents' individual preferences over available alternatives may vary, and they may try to reconcile these differences by voting. Based on the fact that agents may have incentives to vote strategically and misreport their real preferences, a number of recent papers have explored different possibilities for avoiding or eliminating such manipulations. In contrast to most prior work, this paper focuses on convergence of strategic behavior to a decision from which no voter will want to deviate. We consider scenarios where voters cannot coordinate their actions, but are allowed to change their vote after observing the current outcome. We focus on the Plurality voting rule, and study the conditions under which this iterative game is guaranteed to converge to a Nash equilibrium (i.e., to a decision that is stable against further unilateral manipulations). We show for the first time how convergence depends on the exact attributes of the game, such as the tie-breaking scheme, and on assumptions regarding agents' weights and strategies
Emperor and author : the writings of Julian the Apostate /
No full textIncludes bibliographical references and index.Introduction Nicholas Baker-Brian and Shaun Tougher -- Julian the writer and his audience / Susanna Elm -- Reading between the lines : ; Julian's First Panegyric on Constantius II / Shaun Tougher -- 'But I digress...' : ; rhetoric and propaganda in Julian's second oration to Constantius / Hal Drake -- Is there an empress in the text? ; Julian's Speech of thanks to Eusebia / Liz James -- Julian's Consolation to himself on the departure of the excellent Salutius : ; rhetoric and philosophy in the fourth centurry / Josef Lössl -- The tyrant's mask? ; Images of good and bad rule in Julian's Letter to the Athenians / Mark Humphries -- Julian's Letter to Themistius -- and Themistius' response? / John W. Watt -- The emperor's shadow : ; Julian in his correspondence / Michael Trapp -- Julian the lawgiver / Jill Harries -- Words and deeds : ; Julian in the epigraphic record / Benet Salway -- Julian and his coinage : ; a very Constantinian prince / Fernando López Sánchez -- Roman authority, imperial authoriality, and Julian's artistic program / Eric R. Varner -- Julian's Hymn to the mother of the gods : ; the revival and justification of traditional religion / J.H.W.G. Liebeschuetz -- Julian's Hymn to King Helios : ; the economical use of complex Neoplatonic concepts / Andrew Smtih -- The forging of an Hellenic orthodoxy : ; Julian's speeches against the cynics / Arnaldo Marcone -- The Christian context of Julian's Against the Galileans / David Hunt -- The politics of virtue in Julian's Misopogon / Nicholas Baker-Brian -- The Caesars of Julian the Apostate in translation and reception, 1580-ca -- 1800 / Rowland SmithAfterword: studying Julian the author / Jacqueline Long
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