86 research outputs found
The emerging legal framework for private sector development in Viet Nam's transitional economy
No full textA major objective of Viet Nam's transition to a market economy has been to reactivate the private sector in a mixed economy. Several new laws have been introduced in the past five years to implement this policy and to create an enabling environment for the private sector. The author reviews some of the more important laws and regulations that affect Viet Nam's private sector activities, including laws on real property, intellectual property, companies, domestic investment, foreign investment, bankruptcy, contracts, and dispute resolution. Anti-monopoly law has not yet been introduced in Viet Nam. The issue of competition is addressed in the context of trade law, the relative roles of the state and private sector, and restrictions in company law. These areas all establish the foundation of a legal framework for a market economy. The author concludes that Viet Nam's legal framework, like China's, is still influenced by ideology, which causes problems in such areas as private ownership of real property and with such fundamental legal concepts as"due process of law."It is noted that the private sector is constrained by the lack of an independent judiciary, the absence of private land ownership, other uncertainties in property law that limit the develpoment of financial markets, and the inherent bias of the system in favor of the state sector (and collective ownership). Also noted is a law-abiding attitude, equally important to development has been slow to develop. The author goes on to point out that the foreign investment process is too complicated, and its company law too restrictive. A first priority should be to strreamline regulations, as well as liberalize trade policy and increase efforts in privatization of state enterprises. In this respect the author notes that export processing zones may be a useful interim instrument to attract foreign investment but should be phased out over time. More important in the long term is a good investment climate resting on a strong legal foundation.Legal Products,Environmental Economics&Policies,Banks&Banking Reform,Municipal Housing and Land,Municipal Financial Management,Environmental Economics&Policies,Banks&Banking Reform,Municipal Housing and Land,Legal Products,Municipal Financial Management
Impact of Participatory Irrigation Management (PIM) to Local Communities and Environment in Hop Tien Commune, Dong Hy
No full textThis case-study is designed to support the development of the Viet Nam – Netherlands Water Partnership on Water for Food and Ecosystems. The partnership is between Viet Nam’s Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MARD) and the Netherlands Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality (LNV). IUCN has been asked to coordinate the Partnership development process, including through undertaking study that will identify strategies for the management of water resources that balance agricultural production with the maintenance of the integrity of critical ecosystems that depend on adequate water flows. The case study is being carried out in Hop Tien commune, Dong Hy district, Thai Nguyen province, Vietnam. The purpose of the case study is to identify mechanisms based on that water resources management, which are traditionally approached as single purpose management regimes, should be enhanced to become more integrated, multi-stakeholder based management systems. At the irrigation scheme level, water resources management is considered as irrigation governance and management. The integrated approach is carried out with considerations of various interests such as irrigation, domestic water supply and fishery in Hop Tien commune. On the other hand, issues of saving water, water resources protection should be paid attention in the case study to ensure sustainable water resources development in the area
Tầm quan trọng của việc đặt mục tiêu “cộng hưởng” trong thời đại mới
No full textChúng ta cần một cách tiếp cận mới có thể tăng tính hiệu quả trong việc sử dụng chi phí và nguồn lực nhưng vẫn góp phần đạt được các mục tiêu về kinh tế, xã hội, và môi trường. FYI: https://kinhtevadubao.vn/tam-quan-trong-cua-viec-dat-muc-tieu-cong-huong-trong-thoi-dai-moi-19498.htm
Epidendreae
No full textTribe Epidendreae <p> <i>Cremastra malipoensis</i> G.W. Hu (2013: 64), Zhou <i>et al.</i> (2016: 36). <b>Type:</b> — CHINA. Yunnan Province: Malipo County, Xiajinchang Village, 23°09´N, 104°51´E, alt. 1,300 m, under evergreen, broad-leaved forest, on a stony slope along stream, 4 March 2011, <i>G.W. Hu HGW-00622</i> (holotype KUN, isotypes KUN, HNNU). (Fig. 7)</p> <p> <b>Ecology and phenology</b>:—Terrestrial herb. Primary evergreen broad-leaved forests on rocky limestone at an elevations of 1000–1600 m a.s.l., commonly along streams. Very rare. Flowers in February–March.</p> <p> <b>Distribution</b>:— VIETNAM, Ha Giang Province (Dong Van and Quan Ba districts). China (SE Yunnan).</p> <p> <b>Conservation status</b>:—This species is a typical local endemic of the central part of the region recognized as a South-Chinese floristic province (Averyanov <i>et al.</i> 2003). It is known for three very close locations near the border between Vietnam and China. The single known population in China is categorized under the ICUN criteria as Critically Endangered (Hu <i>et al.</i> 2013). In Vietnam, the species also has the same status following the next Red List IUCN (2022) conditions: observed population reduction for 10 years or 3 generations ≥ 80% are not reversible (A2), based on direct observation (a), observed decline of the area of occupancy, extent of occurrence and habitat quality (b), and actual levels of exploitation (c); the area of occurrence <100 km ² (B1) and the area of occupancy <10 km ² (B2), with 3 known highly fragmented populations (a) and continuing observed decline of extent of occurrence (bi); the area of occupancy (bii); area, quality of habitat (biii); the number of mature individuals (bv); the number of mature individuals <250, observed, estimated or projected continuing decline in 25% in 3 years or 1 generation (C1) and observed, estimated, projected or inferred continuing decline when the number of mature individuals in each subpopulation (C2(i)) ≤ 50. Following presently available data, the conservation status of this species may be estimated as globally Critically Endangered, CR A2a-c; B1+ 2a,b(i-iii,v); C1+2(i).</p> <p> <b>Notes</b>:—This is an extremely rare species in rich primary limestone forests. It probably stands, in all its former areas, on the verge of full extinction.</p> <p> <b>Studied specimen</b>:— VIETNAM, Ha Giang Province, Quan Ba District, Cao Ma Po commune, Va Thang 2 village, lat. & long. 0430534X 2553087Y, elevation of 1620 m a.s.l., heavily disturbed primary limestone forest along a stream, terrestrial herb in a wet place, 50 cm tall; yellow flowers with purple-black spots, very rare; less than 10 individuals, 16 March 2018, <i>Pham Van The, Trinh Ngoc Bon, Dinh Thi Kim Van, Dao Cong Anh, TB029</i> (photo LE01073002 http://en.herbariumle.ru/?t=occ&id=14200). VIETNAM, Ha Giang Province, Dong Van District, Van Chai Commune, evergreen broad-leaved forests at an elevation of about 1000 m a.s.l., 22.02.202 0, <i>Nguyen Phong, Nguyen Hoang Tuan, s.n.</i> (photo LE01073006 http://en.herbariumle.ru/?t=occ&id=14204).</p>Published as part of <i>Averyanov, Leonid V., Nguyen, Van Canh, Truong, Ba Vuong, Nguyen, Khang Sinh, Nguyen, Cuong Huu, Maisak, Tatiana V., Doan, Nga Thi, Nguyen, Tuan Hoang, Pham, Van The, Dat, Pham Thi Thanh, Thai, Tran Huy, Nguyen, Van Khuong & Trinh, Ngoc Bon, 2023, New orchids in the flora of Vietnam VI (Orchidaceae, tribes Arethuseae, Cymbidieae, Diurideae, Epidendreae, Vandeae, and Vanilleae), pp. 87-110 in Phytotaxa 597 (2)</i> on page 101, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.597.2.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/7929197">http://zenodo.org/record/7929197</a>
Totally 3D endoscopic aortic valve replacement: initial results and experience from a single center
No full textObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and initial outcomes of totally endoscopic aortic valve replacement (TEAVR) performed via a single working port at the fourth intercostal space (ICS) utilizing a 3D endoscopic system.MethodsA retrospective observational study was conducted on 35 consecutive patients who underwent TEAVR over a six-month period from December 2023 to June 2024. Patient selection was based on the presence of isolated aortic valve disease without the need for ascending aorta replacement or aortic root enlargement. A 4 cm single working port was created at the 4th ICS, extending from the right mid-axillary to the anterior axillary line. A 10-mm trocar for a 3D endoscope was placed at the right anterior-axillary line. Peripheral cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) was established. The primary outcomes investigated included the success rate of the procedure, in-hospital mortality, and perioperative complications.ResultsThe mean age of the patients was 58.7 ± 12.8 years, with 22.9% being female. The majority of patients (77.1%) presented with aortic stenosis, often accompanied by severe calcification. The medianCPB time was 210 ± 43 min, and the median aortic cross-clamp time was 132 ± 41 min. The procedure was successfully completed in all patients using the endoscopic approach, with no conversions to full sternotomy. Two mortalities were recorded, attributed to postoperative complications including bleeding and cerebral infarctions. The early (30-day) mortality rate was 5.7%. Prolonged mechanical ventilation (>48 h) was required in 17.1% of patients, and reoperation for bleeding was necessary in 2.9% of patients.ConclusionsTEAVR is a feasible procedure with the potential to replace the traditional sternotomy approach for aortic valve replacement
Preliminary assessments of debris flow hazard in relation to geological environment changes in mountainous regions, North Vietnam
No full textDebris flow, widely viewed by geo-scientists as a special combination of landslide and flash flood, causes devastating damages to people and environment in northern mountainous regions of Vietnam. Field observations in the areas damaged by debris flows in northern Vietnam identified types of soils and rocks that were more likely to cause debris flows. Unlike flash floods, almost debris flows occurred at the end of the rainy season when soils and rocks were water-oversaturated thus mechanically weak; this is when pore water pressure decreases, lowering the strength from the soil. Landslides causing debris flows are commonly current slides. The tip of a landslide is often confined within a stream that has a permanent or seasonal flow. Debris flows mainly occur in proluvium, colluvial deposits or tectonic breccia zones. However, not a debris flow initiated in a tectonic breccia zone has been recorded in the northern mountainous regions of Vietnam. Colluvial deposits have been intensively investigated by many researchers worldwide. These deposits are commonly formed in neo-tectonic active zones, weak bed rocks, particularly old metamorphic rocks such as sericite shale, terrigenous and Cenozoic or late Mesozoic volcanic sedimentary rocks that are distributed at steep slopes and/or highly differentiated reliefs. These features appear to be a prerequisite for the exogenous processes, including rolling stones, falling rocks, landslides and surface erosions to occur. To study the mechanical and physical properties of colluvial deposits, the most practical approach is conducting experiments with large-sized samples or on-site experiments. However, this approach is expensive and not always favorable. Applying the rock mechanical theory, it is possible to examine C, j values if values of geological characteristics of rock blocks are known. Thus, the present study attempts clarify the cause-feedback relationship between the change of geological environment and geological hazard in general, and debris flows, in particular, providing a basic scientific insight for studying and predicting debris flows.ReferencesBauziene L., 2000. Colluvisols as a component of erosional and accumulative soil cover structures of east lithuania. European soil Bureau - research report (7), 147-151.Hoek E., Marinos P., 2007. A brief history of the development of the Hoek-Brown failure criterion, Soils and Rocks, 2, 1-8.Irfan T.Y., Tang K.Y., 1992. Effect of the coarse fractions on the shear strength of colluvium. Geo report No 23, Geotechnical Engineering office, Civil Engineering Department Hong Kong.Lai K. W., 2011. Geotechnical properties of colluvial and alluvial deposits in Hong Kong. The 5th cross-strait Conf on Structural and geotechnical engineering (SGE-5), 735-744, Hong Kong China, 13-15 July 2011.Ngo Van Liem, Phan Trong Trinh, Hoang Quang Vinh, Nguyen Van Huong, Nguyen Cong Quan, Tran Van Phong, Nguyen Phuc Dat, 2016. Analyze the correlation between the geomorphic indices and recent tectonics of the Lo River fault zone in southwest of Tam Dao range, Vietnam J. Earth Sci., 38(1), 1-13.Richard E. Gray, 2008. Landslide problems on appalachian colluvial slopes. Geohazards in transportation in the appalachian region, Charleston, WV.Robert W. Fleming, Johnson M. Arvid, 1994. Landslide in Colluvium. U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2059-B.Tran Trong Hue (edit), 2004. Integrated assessment of geological disasters in Vietnam territory and prevention solutions (Phase II: The northern mountainous provinces), Report on Phase II of the Independent National project. Institute of Geology, Hanoi, 2003.Tran Van Tu (edit), 1999. Study of the scientific basis of formation and development of mountain floods (including flash floods), proposing the solution of warning, mitigation, and reduction of natural disasters and damage. Report of the project of the Vietnam Centre for Science and Technology, 1998 - 1999.Tran Van Tu, 2012. Scientific basis and method to set up the map of zonation area for sweeping flood, Journal of Sciences of the Earth, 34(3), 7-13
Effect of Surface Roughness on Friction of CoCrMo-on-UHMWPE Bearing in Total Hip Arthroplasty Under Lubrication of Bovine Serum Albumin
No full textRobust multi-sensor generalized labeled multi-Bernoulli filter
No full textThis paper proposes an efficient and robust algorithm to estimate target trajectories with unknown target detection profiles and clutter rates using measurements from multiple sensors. In particular, we propose to combine the multi-sensor Generalized Labeled Multi-Bernoulli (MS-GLMB) filter to estimate target trajectories and robust Cardinalized Probability Hypothesis Density (CPHD) filters to estimate the clutter rates. The target detection probability is augmented to the filtering state space for joint estimation. Experimental results show that the proposed robust filter exhibits near-optimal performance in the sense that it is comparable to the optimal MS-GLMB operating with true clutter rate and detection probability. More importantly, it outperforms other studied filters when the detection profile and clutter rate are unknown and time-variant. This is attributed to the ability of the robust filter to learn the background parameters on-the-fly
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