392 research outputs found
Phaius duongae Aver, V. C. Nguyen & Vuong 2023, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Phaius duongae</i> Aver, V.C.Nguyen & Vuong, <i>sp. nov.</i> <p>(Figs. 1 & 2)</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis:</b> —New species differs from closest <i>P. hekouensis</i> in short stem, less than 45 cm long, smaller leaves less than 34 cm long, short, 2–3-flowered inflorescence, pale pink or pink purple flowers, and saccate spur 3–4.5 mm long.</p> <p> <b>Type:</b> — VIETNAM. Herbarium specimen prepared from cultivated plant on 3 January 2023 by <i>Nguyen Van Canh AL 2050</i> (holotype LE01168155 https://en.herbariumle.ru/?t=occ&id=170353, LE01170557 https://en.herbariumle. ru/?t=occ&id=170367), analytical photos from living plants used for the preparation of the type specimen and drawing LE01124196 https://en.herbariumle.ru/?t=occ&id=170141, LE01124205 https://en.herbariumle.ru/?t=occ&id=172285) originally collected in Da Nang City Area, Ba Na Natural Reserve, evergreen forest on granite along stream, at an elevation of about 1000 m a.s.l., terrestrial herb, flowers pink, March 2021, <i>Nguyen Van Canh s.n</i> <i>.</i></p> <p> <b>Paratypes:</b> — VIETNAM, wild collected plant cultivated in Nguyen Van Canh garden originated from Da Nang City Area, Ba Na Natural Reserve, January 2022, <i>N. V</i> <i>.</i> <i>Canh s.n. AL 1567</i> (LE01169117 https://en.herbariumle.ru/?t=occ&id=140973, LE01169116 https://en.herbariumle.ru/?t=occ&id=140970). VIETNAM, analytical photos were taken from specimen prepared from cultivated plant on 4 January 2022 by <i>Truong Ba Vuong, Nguyen Van Canh BV 1346</i>, originally collected in Da Nang City Area, Ba Na Natural Reserve, March 2021, <i>Nguyen Van Canh s.n.</i> (photos LE01124206 https://en.herbariumle.ru/?t=occ&id=172286). VIETNAM, specimen prepared from cultivated plant originally collected in Kon Tum Province, Tu Mo Rong District, Ngoc Lay Commune, 4 January 2022, <i>Truong Ba Vuong, Nguyen Van Canh, BV 1346</i> (VNM00065792). VIETNAM, photo made in 29 May 2022 by L. Averyanov, N. V. Canh and T. Maisak from wild collected plants cultivated in Nguyen Van Canh garden originated from Da Nang City Area, Hoa Vang District, <i>N. V</i> <i>.</i> <i>Canh s.n.,</i> flowers white, lip with yellow spot at center, 29 05 2022, <i>L</i> <i>. Averyanov, N. V. Canh, T.</i> <i>Maisak, AL 1341</i> (LE01169123 https://en.herbariumle.ru/?t=occ&id=140987, photos LE01123413 https:// en.herbariumle.ru/?t=occ&id=137203).</p> <p> <b>Etymology:</b> —The species name is proposed by plant discoverer, Nguyen Van Canh after his beloved mother Mrs. Phan Thi Duong.</p> <p> <b>Description:—Herb</b> terrestrial, perennial, with short plagiotropic rhizome, and several erect stems close together. <b>Stems</b> erect, green, terete, fleshy, (25)30–40(45) cm long, 0.8–1.4 cm in diameter; basal half with 3–5(6) tubular grassy green acute bracts, 1–6(7) cm long, each with many prominent veins; upper half leafy, covered by imbricate overlapping sheaths of (4)5–6(7) leaves approximated near the apex. <b>Leaves</b> subsessile to petiolate, with broadly elliptic, acute to shortly acuminate leaf blade, (15)20–30 (34) cm long, (4)5–10(11) cm wide; at the base narrowing into a sheathing petiole (3)5–12(14) cm long and tubular leaf sheath, (3)4–6(7) cm long, 1–2.5(3) 4 cm in diameter, enveloping stem. <b>Inflorescence</b> arising from upper leaf axils near the stem apex, dark green, erect, (8)10–12(14) cm long, bearing 2–3 flowers; flower bracts early caducous, thin, light green, cymbiform, 2–3 cm long, 0.8–1.2 cm wide (being flattened), acute; rachis (2)3.5–4.5(5) cm long, slightly zig-zag. <b>Flowers</b> widely opening, 6–7 cm across, entirely uniform pale pink to pale pink purple, lip with yellow longitudinal callus. <b>Sepals</b> subsimilar, oblong elliptic, (3.2)3.4–3.8(4) cm long, 1–1.2 cm wide, keeled outside, acute, slightly cucullate. <b>Petals</b> broadly oblanceolate, as long as sepals, (6.5)7–8(8.5) mm broad, blunt to round at apex. <b>Lip</b> obscurely 3-lobed, round in outline (being flattened) with narrowing base, (3.2)3.6–4(4.4) cm long (including spur), (2.4)2.6–3(3.4) cm wide, shortly adnate to column at base for (5)6–7(8) mm, margin at front strongly undulate and plicate, with distinct longitudinal channel abaxially; side lobes half ovate to half circular, (1.4)1.6–2(2.2) cm long, (6)7–9(10) mm wide; median lobe half circular, (6)7–8(9) mm long, (1.2)1.4–1.6(1.8) cm wide, slightly emarginate with central triangular tooth; disc with 2 massive fleshy, scurfy haired, longitudinal keels separated by the narrow split and single fleshy, triangular, verruculose callus at apex; spur shortly conoid to saccate, (3)3.5–4(4.5) mm long, 2–2.5 mm in diameter, with short scurfy hairs and a large callus at spur entrance. <b>Column</b> yellowish on sides, pink at front, stout, slightly curved, (1.7)1.8–2(2.2) cm tall, broadening apically to (5.5)6–7(7.5) mm wide, slightly winged, clinandrium irregularly tooted along the margin; stigma scutelliform, obscurely circular, rostellum broadly ovate, hanging; anther cap helmet shaped, 2–2.2 mm in diameter, finely verruculose. Pollinia 8, in 2 groups, obovate, shortly attenuate at the base, ca. 2 mm long. <b>Fruits</b> unknown.</p> <p> <b>Ecology and phenology:</b> —Primary and old secondary broad-leaved evergreen forests on granite at an elevation about 1000 m a.s.l., usually along small forest streams. Not common. Flowers in March–June.</p> <p> <b>Distribution:</b> — VIETNAM, Da Nang City Area (Ba Na Natural Reserve, Hoa Vang District) and Kon Tum Province (Tu Mo Rong District, Ngoc Lay Commune). Endemic. According to undocumented observations by the authors, the species also occurs in Quang Nam Province.</p> <p> <b>Conservation status:</b> —According to available collections and field observations the extent of occurrence (EOO) of the new species can includes a large territory in the center of Vietnam including Da Nang City Area, Quang Nam, Quang Ngai and Kon Tum provinces with total approximate square about 27000 km 2. However, any data for its locations are very scarce and not well documented, which indicate the conservation species status as Data Deficient (DD) according to terms and criteria proposed by IUCN (2022).</p> <p> <b>Notes:</b> —The species is remarkable and easy recognizable for its large uniform pink or pink purple flowers with massive yellow callus on the lip. This species in its morphological characters looks most close to <i>P. hekouensis</i> according to identification key, description and excellent illustrations presented in the recent monographic study of the genus (Stone & Cribb 2017). From <i>P. hekouensis</i> hitherto known from very small area in SE Yunnan our plant differs in shorter stem, less than 45 cm long (vs. stem of mature plants 1–1.3 m long), smaller leaves less than 34 cm long (vs. leaves to 55 cm long), inflorescence 8–14 cm long, with 2–3 flowers (vs. inflorescence about 25 cm long with 4–5 flowers), flowers entirely uniform light pink to light pink purple (vs. flowers yellow, lip with red markings), spur shortly conoid to saccate, 3–4.5 mm long (vs. spur cylindrical conoid, 11 mm long), column less than 2.2 cm tall with anther cap 2–2.2 mm wide (vs. column 2.3 cm long with anther cap 3 mm wide). According to currently available data, our new species is rare endemic of the central part of Vietnam outlined in plant geography of Indochina as the Central Annamese Province Floristic Province (Averyanov <i>et al.</i> 2003).</p>Published as part of <i>Nguyen, Thi Lien Thuong, Averyanov, Leonid V., Maisak, Tatiana V., Nguyen, Van Canh, Nguyen, Van Khuong, Pham, Thi Thanh Dat, Nguyen, Danh Duc & Truong, Ba Vuong, 2023, Phaius Duongae (Orchidaceae, Collabieae), A New Cauline Species From Southern Vietnam, pp. 73-78 in Phytotaxa 606 (1)</i> on pages 74-77, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.606.1.7, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/8202375">http://zenodo.org/record/8202375</a>
Human Counter
No full textHuman Counter is a mobile app that allows users to automatically count the number of people using their phone\u27s camera. The core of the app utilizes a neural network to detect people and is implemented on Android. The app also enables users to store footage and provides a simple guide for converting previous footage into training data to improve the neural network\u27s performance in specific environments. The primary purpose of Human Counter is to enable users to use their phones as a surveillance camera, passively counting people without needing to pay attention. This can be utilized in galleries, libraries, and stores to record headcounts
Euonymus L.
No full text5. Euonymus L. 1(15) Euonymus acanthoxanthus Pit. 2(16) Euonymus balansae Sprague 3(17) Euonymus cochinchinensis Pierre 4(18) Euonymus eberhardtii Tardieu 5(19) Euonymus fortunei (Turcz.) Hand. -Mazz. (Ma 2001) 6(20) Euonymus glaber Roxb. (Pitard 1912a, Tardieu-Blot 1948a, Ma 2001, Nguyen 2003a, Pham 2003) 7(21) Euonymus grandiflorus Wall. (Ma 2001) 8(22) Euonymus indicus B.Heyne ex Wall. (Pitard 1912a, Ma 2001, Nguyen 2003a, Pham 2003) 9(23) Euonymus japonicus Thunb. (Pitard 1912a, Ma 2001, Nguyen 2003a, Pham 2003) 10(24) Euonymus laxiflorus Champ. ex Benth. (Pitard 1912a, Tardieu-Blot 1948a, Ma 2001, Nguyen 2003a, Pham 2003) 11(25) Euonymus nitidus Benth. (Pitard 1912a, Ma 2001, Nguyen 2003a, Pham 2003) 12(26) Euonymus petelotii Merr. 13(27) Euonymus pittosporoides C.Y.Cheng ex J.S.Ma (Ma 2001) 14(28) Euonymus pseudovagans Pit. 15(29) Euonymus salicifolius Loes. (Ma 2001) 16(30) Euonymus tonkinensis (Loes.) Loes.Published as part of Pham, Ngoc Hoai, Ren, Ming-Xun, Nuraliev, Maxim S., Trinh, Ngoc Bon, Nguyen, Tien Dat, Ragupathi, Gopi & Pham, Van The, 2022, The genus Parnassia in Vietnam, and a checklist of Vietnamese Celastraceae, pp. 213-227 in Phytotaxa 536 (3) on page 225, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.536.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/633184
Coelogyne phitamii Aver. & K. S. Nguyen 2023, sp. nov.
No full textCoelogyne phitamii Aver. & K.S.Nguyen, sp. nov. (Fig. 1) Type: — VIETNAM, Son La Province, Thuan Chau District, Chieng Pha Commune, remnants of primary evergreen broad-leaved forest on limestone mountain, lithophytic and epiphytic perennial creeping herb, flower greenish-yellowish white, adaxially lip dark brownish-red, 9 September 2022, Nguyen Sinh Khang, Lo Trung Van, AL 1593 (holotype LE01170123 https://herbariumle. ru/?t=occ&id=162710, isotype HN, LE01170118 https://herbariumle.ru/?t=occ&id=162682, authentic photos LE01123558 https:// en.herbariumle.ru/?t=occ&id=142722). Paratype: — VIETNAM, the border between Dien Bien (Tuan Giao District, Toa Tinh Municipality) and Son La Province (Thuan Chau District, Phong Lai Municipality), 15August 2022, Nguyen Phi Tam, AL 1592 (LE01170155 https://herbariumle.ru/?t=occ&id=162879, authentic photos LE01123556 https://en.herbariumle.ru/?t=occ&id=142720). Etymology: —The species name honors its discoverer, an orchid enthusiast named Mr. Nguyen Phi Tam. Herb lithophytic and epiphytic, perennial, with creeping plagiotropic rhizome and ascending or erect pseudobulbs. Rhizome semiwoody, 25–35 cm long, (2)2.5–3(3.5) mm in diameter, covered by 7–9 pale yellowish gray bract remnants, with a few rigid, pale brownish roots arising from nodes and internodes. Pseudobulbs 2-leaved, green, distant on (3) 4–7 cm, narrowly cylindrical, (2.5)3–4(4.5) cm long, (5.5)6–8(9) mm in diameter, young with 1–2 pale yellowish grey, papyraceous bracts at the base. Leaves glossy green, apical, subopposite, subsessile, leathery, narrowly elliptic, acute, (6)7–9(10) cm long, (2.5)2.8–3(3.2) cm wide. Inflorescence hysteranthous, arising from the apex of mature pseudobulb, erect, normally with 2 flowers; inflorescence axis green, (2)2.5–3(3.5) cm long, at base enveloped by 2–3 pale yellowish, papyraceous sterile bracts; floral bracts pale yellowish, papyraceous, narrowly elliptic to narrowly ovate, acute, (1.2)1.4–2.2(2.4) cm long, (2)2.2–5(6) mm wide, early caducous. Pedicel and ovary pale green, (4)4.5–5(5.5) mm long, ovary 1.6–2.2 mm in diameter, broadening distally, shallowly ribbed. Flowers widely opening, (1.8)2–2.5(2.8) cm across; sepals and petals light yellowish; lip light yellowish with chestnut brown center and chestnut brown keels; column very light yellowish green to almost white with brown apex; anther cap orange. Sepals subsimilar, spreading, narrowly ovate, (1.5)1.6–1.8(2) cm long, 6–8 mm wide, acute, and shortly apiculate; lateral sepals slightly oblique. Petals linear, spreading or slightly recurved, acute, as long as sepals, 1–1.2 mm wide. Lip broadly ovate in outline, (1.5)1.6–1.8(2) cm long, 1.4–1.6 mm wide, 3-lobed; lateral lobes erect, obscurely triangular, 4–5 mm long and wide, with entire margin, ciliate at apex; median lobe half circular, (7)8(9) mm long, (0.9)1–1.2(1.3) cm wide, fimbriate along margin; median lobe with 6 undulate keels, two inner extending from base to the apical part of the median lobe, the other much shorter. Column stout, slightly curved, (1.1)1.2–1.3(1.4) cm tall, in apical half with broad, forward directed, rounded wings; column with flattened wings (4)5(6) mm wide; column apex round, irregularly denticulate; stigma in form of a half circular hollow. Anther cup hemispheric, 2–2.2 mm across, with a broad, truncate beak at the front and with prominent boss at the apex. Pollinia 2, lens-shaped, dull yellow, with a small amorphous viscidium. Fruits unknown. Ecology and phenology:—Perennial epiphytic and lithophytic creeping herb. Primary and secondary broad-leaved evergreen forests on limestone. Occasional. Flowers in August–September. Distribution:— Vietnam, provinces Dien Bien (Tuan Giao District), and Son La (Thuan Chau District). Conservation status:—Two species populations were discovered in NW Vietnam, in a small area along the border of Son La (Thuan Chau District) and Dien Bien provinces (Tuan Giao District), a total area of about 2700 km ². Taking into consideration the vast deforestation in this area and the occurrence of both discovered populations in highly disturbed remnants of primary forest, the case meets the following conditions of IUCN Red List criteria (2022): the extent of occurrence (EOO) less than 5000 km 2, the area of occupancy (AOO) less than 500 km 2, only two existing, severely fragmented populations, the continuing decline observed, estimated, inferred and projected in the extent of occurrence, the area of occupancy, the quality of habitat; and the number of mature individuals. Following these criteria, the status of the species may be preliminarily estimated as Endangered, EN (B1a,b(i-iii,v), B2a,b(i-iii,v). Notes:—New species belongs to the Coelogyne sect. Fuliginosae Pfitzer & Kraenzlin in Engler (1907: 33) and may be close to C. fimbriata Lindley (1825: tab. 868) in plant habit and flower lip shape. However, the new species differs from all species of the section in the presence of five distinct high keels on the medial lip lobe. In comparison, all other species of the section bear 2 keels on the lip median lobe (Pelser et al. 2000, Clayton 2002), rarely with 1–2 short, additional, highly reduced lamellae on the sides of well-developed keels (Seidenfaden 1975). Coelogyne suaveolens (Lindl.) Hooker (1890: 832), Seidenfaden (1975: 52, fig. 18), Pearce & Cribb (2002: 338), Clayton (2002: 204), Chen et al. (2009: 323), Zhou et al. (2016: 34), Kumar et al. (2018: 65), Ormerod et al. (2021: 74). (Fig. 2) ≡ Pholidota suaveolens Lindley (1856: 372). Type:— INDIA. 19 May 1856, cult. Bishop of Winchester s.n. (lectotype K000079285, designated here). Ecology and phenology:—Epiphyte on tall mossy trees, commonly along streams. Primary and secondary evergreen broad-leaved forests on sandstone at an elevation of 500–700 m a.s.l. (and probably higher). Very rare. Flowers in April–June. Distribution:— Vietnam, Dien Bien Province (Muong Nhe District). NE India, Myanmar, SW China (Yunnan), Thailand, Laos. Conservation status:—The conservation status of this species in all area of its distribution up to now has not been evaluated (NE). In Vietnam, only one locality has been documented despite special regional fieldwork. Taking into consideration the almost total deforestation in this area and following the formal Red List IUCN (2022) criteria, the species meets in Vietnam the following conditions: A2a,c; B1a,b(i-iii,v)+2a,b(i-iii,v); C1+2(i,ii); D1; observed population reduction for 10 years or 3 generation ≥ 80% are not reversible (A2), based on direct observation (a) and observed decline of the area of occupancy, extent of occurrence and habitat quality (c); the area of occurrence <100 km ² (B1) and the area of occupancy <10 km ² (B2), with 1 known population (a) and continuing observed decline of extent of occurrence (bi); the area of occupancy (bii); area, quality of habitat (biii); the number of mature individuals (bv); the number of mature individuals <250, observed, estimated or projected continuing decline in 25% in 3 years or 1 generation (C1) and observed, estimated, projected or inferred continuing decline when the number of mature individuals in each subpopulation (C2(i)) ≤ 50 and % of mature individuals in one subpopulation = 90–100% (C2(ii)); the number of mature individuals <50 (D), which identifies the species as nationally Critically Endangered (CR). Notes:—Field observations identify this species as a very rare plant known only from extreme NW Vietnam in a small area close to the Vietnam –Laotian border. Habit and floral morphology fit well with a detailed description of Laos plants published earlier (Kumar et al. 2018). However, the flowers of Vietnamese plants are somewhat smaller (fig. 2). Studied specimens:— VIETNAM, Dien Bien Province, Muong Nhe District, Muong Nhe Natural Reserve, Leng Su Sin Municipality, A Suoi Voi Village around point about N 22º20´27´´ E102º21´29´´ secondary evergreen broad-leaved lowland and submontane forest on mountain slopes composed with sandstone at an elevations of 500–700 m a.s.l., creeping epiphyte on a mossy tree along a stream, flower white, lip with a yellow spot on the disk, not common, 17 May 2022, L. Averyanov, Tran Huy Thai, Khang Sinh Nguyen, T. Maisak, VR 1705 (LE01168995 https:// en.herbariumle.ru/?t=occ&id=140466; analytical photos LE01123261 https://en.herbariumle.ru/?t=occ&id=137034). Otochilus lancilabius Seidenfaden (1976: 13, fig. 11, 1986: 94, fig. 53, 1992: 121), Pearce & Cribb (2002: 327, fig. 82, pl. 15), Schuiteman et al. (2008: 301), Chen et al. (2009: 340), Rokaya et al. (2013: 539), Jalal & Jayanthi (2015: 37), Zhou et al. (2016: 100), Ormerod et al. (2021: 179). Type: — INDIA. Sikkim Himalaya, Otochilus porrecta Lindl., 6000 ft. Oct.-Dec. 1892 [Oct.-Dec. 1893 wrong?] R. Pantling 26 (lectotype K000387921 designated here, isolectotypes HUH 00287633, LE01170187, P00403233). (Figs. 3 A–C) ≡ Coelogyne lancilabia (Seidenfaden) R. Rice (2019: 173). Ecology and phenology:—Epiphyte on tall mossy trees. Primary and secondary evergreen broad-leaved, mixeg, and coniferous forests on any kind of parental rocks at an elevation of 1000–2200 m a.s.l. Common and locally abundant. Flowers in October–December. Distribution:— VIETNAM, provinces Cao Bang, Hoa Binh, Lai Chau, Lao Cai, Nghe An, and Son La. Bhutan, Nepal, NE India, Myanmar, SW China, Laos. Conservation status:—According to data from available collections and our field observations, this species is still common in many locations in Vietnam. However, its populations exhibit a clear tendency to decrease due to deforestation and the destruction of habitats in most areas of the country. Due to currently available data, the conservation status of this species in Vietnam may be estimated as nationally Near Threatened (NT). Notes:—Gunnar Seidenfaden, under species description, indicated as a type the specimen “ Pantling No. 26 ” housed at K (Seidenfaden 1976, 1986). Meanwhile, four available herbarium specimens marked as “ Pantling No. 26 ” have a bit different label data listed here in chronological order of collecting date as follows: “ Sikkim Himalaya, Otochilus porrecta Lindl. Common. Sikkim, 6000 ft., Oct.-Dec. 1892, R. Pantling 26 ” (HUH 00287633 and P00403233); “ Sikkim Himalaya, Otochilus porrecta Lindl. Common. Sikkim, 6000 ft., Oct.- Jan. 1892, R. Pantling 26 ” (LE01170187 https://en.herbariumle.ru/?t=occ&id=162386); “ Sikkim Himalaya, Otochilus porrecta Lindl., 6000 ft., Oct.-Dec., 1893 R. Pantling 26 (K000387921). Most likely, the date discrepancy was due to a manual writing error, and all herbarium specimens represent a single collection, as was indicated later in the assessment of Sikkimese orchids (King & Pantling 1898). Considering the indication by G. Seidenfaden (1986) of the specimen housed at K as a type, we accept it as a lectotype, and other specimens “ Pantling No 26 ” are treated here as isolectotypes. Studied specimens:— VIETNAM, numerous studied specimens of this species from Vietnam are available in the Herbarium LE database and are accessible by following the link: https://en.herbariumle.ru/?t=occ&s= Otochilus %20lancilabius&f=%5Ball%5D.Published as part of Averyanov, Leonid V., Nguyen, Van Canh, Truong, Ba Vuong, Nguyen, Khang Sinh, Nguyen, Cuong Huu, Maisak, Tatiana V., Doan, Nga Thi, Nguyen, Tuan Hoang, Pham, Van The, Dat, Pham Thi Thanh, Thai, Tran Huy, Nguyen, Van Khuong & Trinh, Ngoc Bon, 2023, New orchids in the flora of Vietnam VI (Orchidaceae, tribes Arethuseae, Cymbidieae, Diurideae, Epidendreae, Vandeae, and Vanilleae), pp. 87-110 in Phytotaxa 597 (2) on pages 89-93, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.597.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/792919
Impact of Participatory Irrigation Management (PIM) to Local Communities and Environment in Hop Tien Commune, Dong Hy
No full textThis case-study is designed to support the development of the Viet Nam – Netherlands Water Partnership on Water for Food and Ecosystems. The partnership is between Viet Nam’s Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MARD) and the Netherlands Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality (LNV). IUCN has been asked to coordinate the Partnership development process, including through undertaking study that will identify strategies for the management of water resources that balance agricultural production with the maintenance of the integrity of critical ecosystems that depend on adequate water flows. The case study is being carried out in Hop Tien commune, Dong Hy district, Thai Nguyen province, Vietnam. The purpose of the case study is to identify mechanisms based on that water resources management, which are traditionally approached as single purpose management regimes, should be enhanced to become more integrated, multi-stakeholder based management systems. At the irrigation scheme level, water resources management is considered as irrigation governance and management. The integrated approach is carried out with considerations of various interests such as irrigation, domestic water supply and fishery in Hop Tien commune. On the other hand, issues of saving water, water resources protection should be paid attention in the case study to ensure sustainable water resources development in the area
De waterkwaliteit van een zuigerput in het IJsselmeer nabij Lelystad in de zomer 1973
No full textIn Nederland zijn de laatste 25 jaar vele diepe putten ontstaan t.g.v. zandwinning. In deze stilstaande water met een diepte variërend van 10 tot 40 meter kunnen in de vertikaal grote temperatuurverschillen ontstaan t.g.v. de slechte warmtegeleiding in dit medium. In diepere wateren onstaat er in de voorzomer een warme bovenlaag en daarmee een groter temperatuurverschil, waardoor de stabiliteit van het meer steeds groter wordt naarmate de bovenste lagen worden opgewarmd. Gedurende deze stagnatieperiode wordt geen tot weinig zuurstof e.a. stoffen in de oplossing van bovenaf toegevoegd, wel kan door uitregenen van de bovenste warme laag afgestorven organisch materiaal en andere slibdeeltjes naar de diepte zinken, zodat de chemische kwaliteit van dit diepe water sterk kan gaan afwijken van het oppervlaktewater. Deze verschillen in de chemie met toenemende diepte wordt chemische stratificatie genoemd. Door de Dienst der Zuiderzeewerken is deze zomer een meet- en bemonsteringprogramma uitgevoerd in een diepe zandzuigerput. Uit de meetresultaten blijkt dat aldaar deze zomer minstens twee keer een thermische en chemische stratificatie is opgetreden. Deze zijn onstaan na een koele periode die gevolgd werd door een warmweerperiode. Met enige voorzichtigheid is te stellen dat op het IJsselmeer geen permanente stratificatie zal optreden bij putten niet dieper dan 25 à 30 m. Evenwel blijkt uit de resultaten dat tijdelijk op diepten van meer dan 15 à 20 m hydrobiologisch gezien zich ongunstige omstandigheden kunnen voordoen die voor het meeste leven op deze diepten fataal is. Putten tot 15 à 20 m zullen geen kwaliteitsverslechtering van het meerwater veroorzaken, als men tenminste de putbodem zo egaal mogelijk afwerkt en de taluds flauw houdt. Tenslotte kan worden geoncludeerd dat voor het al of niet optreden van thermische en chemische gelaagdheid in diepe putten niet alleen de diepte maatgeven is, doch eveneens de grootte van het gehele meer, de ligging van de put t.o.v. de wind en de morfologie achter meer- en putbodem
Miguelia shenzhenica Aver. A. Flowering 2023, comb. nov.
No full textMiguelia shenzhenica (Z.J.Liu & S.C.Chen) Aver., comb. nov. (Fig. 10) ≡ Vanilla shenzhenica Z.J.Liu & S.C.Chen (2007: 301), Chen et al. (2009: 168), Barretto et al. (2011: 97), Zhou et al. (2016: 136). Type: — CHINA. Guangdong: Shenzhen, Longgang, Meishajian, alt. 300 m, on tree trunk and rock along a valley, 22 February 2005, Z. J. Liu 3025 (holotype NOCC). Ecology and phenology:—Creeping succulent herbaceous lithophytic or epiphytic vine. Primary and secondary lowland evergreen broad-leaved forests on shale and granite. Very rare. Flowers in March. Distribution:— VIETNAM, Thua Thien Hue Province (Phu Loc and Nam Dong districts within the territory of Bach Ma National Park), Da Nang City Area (Ba Na Mountain). SE China. Conservation status:—Only two locations of this easily recognizable species have been discovered in Vietnam untill now. They are located in the lowland areas of Bach Ma National Park and Ba Na–Nui Chua Nature Reserve in the central part of the country. Taking into consideration the high recreation pressure and vigorously increasing tourism activity in both areas, the species meets the following formal Red List IUCN (2022) criteria: observed population reduction for 10 years or 3 generation ≥ 80% are not reversible (A2), based on direct observation (a) and observed decline of the area of occupancy, extent of occurrence and habitat quality (c); the area of occurrence <100 km ² (B1) and the area of occupancy <10 km ² (B2), with 1 known population (a) and continuing observed decline of extent of occurrence (bi); the area of occupancy (bii); area, quality of habitat (biii); the number of mature individuals (bv); the number of mature individuals <250, observed, estimated or projected continuing decline in 25% in 3 years or 1 generation (C1) and observed, estimated, projected or inferred continuing decline when the number of mature individuals in each subpopulation (C2(i)) ≤ 50, and % of mature individuals in one subpopulation = 90–100% (C2(ii)); the number of mature individuals <50 (D). These conditions identify the species as nationally Critically Endangered, CR A2a,c; B1a,b(i-iii,v)+2a,b(i-iii,v); C1+2(i,ii); D1. Notes:—This remarkable species is easily recognizable from other species of Miguelia Aver. (2011: 45) by its inflorescence, which regularly bears 4–5 simultaneously opening flowers distinctly larger than in other species of the genus. The plant has some interest in ornamental horticulture. Studied specimen:— VIETNAM, Thua Thien Hue Province, Bach Ma Nation Park, 18 March 2021, Phạm Th ị Thanh D ạt s.n. (LE01090412 https://en.herbariumle.ru/?t=occ&id=79882). VIETNAM, Da Nang City Area, Ba Na - Nui Chua Nature Reserve, Ba Na Mountain, evergreen broad-leaved lowland forest on granite at anelevation of about 500 m a.s.l., common in the area, March 2021, Nguyen Van Canh, s.n .Published as part of Averyanov, Leonid V., Nguyen, Van Canh, Truong, Ba Vuong, Nguyen, Khang Sinh, Nguyen, Cuong Huu, Maisak, Tatiana V., Doan, Nga Thi, Nguyen, Tuan Hoang, Pham, Van The, Dat, Pham Thi Thanh, Thai, Tran Huy, Nguyen, Van Khuong & Trinh, Ngoc Bon, 2023, New orchids in the flora of Vietnam VI (Orchidaceae, tribes Arethuseae, Cymbidieae, Diurideae, Epidendreae, Vandeae, and Vanilleae), pp. 87-110 in Phytotaxa 597 (2) on page 107, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.597.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/792919
Diurideae
No full textTribe Diurideae Stigmatodactylus sikokianus Maxim. ex Makino (1891: 70 t. 43), Ohwi (1965: 337), Chen et al. (2009: 88), Pedersen, Suksathan (2013: 65), Lin et al. (2016: 118), Zhou et al. (2016: 128). Type: — JAPAN. Tosa, Mt. Yohogura, Sept. 4, 1859, T. Makino (not located). (Fig. 6) Ecology and phenology:—Small lithophytic and terrestrial herb. Primary evergreen broad-leaved forests, commonly on mossy rocks along streams at an elevations of 1000–1500 m a.s.l. Very rare. Flowers in July–August. Distribution:— VIETNAM, Dak Lak Province (Lak, and Krong Bong districts). Thailand, E China, Japan. Conservation status:—In Vietnam, this species is extremely rare. Although numerous particular fieldworks were conducted, only a few plants in one population were found in a vulnerable habitat with miserable occupancy. According to formal Red List IUCN (2022) criteria the species meets in Vietnam with the following conditions: the observed population reduction for 10 years or 3 generations ≥ 80% are not reversible (A2), based on direct observation (a) and observed decline of the area of occupancy, extent of occurrence and habitat quality (b); the area of occurrence <100 km ² (B1) and the area of occupancy <10 km ² (B2), with 1 known population (a) and continuing observed decline of extent of occurrence (bi); the area of occupancy (bii); area, quality of habitat (biii); the number of mature individuals (bv); the number of mature individuals <250, observed, estimated or projected continuing decline in 25% in 3 years or 1 generation (C1) and observed, estimated, projected or inferred continuing decline when the number of mature individuals in each subpopulation (C2(i)) ≤ 50 and % of mature individuals in one subpopulation = 90–100% (C2(ii)); the number of mature individuals <50 (D). Following these conditions, the conservation species status should be evaluated as nationally Critically Endangered (CR), CR A2a,c; B1+ 2a,b(i-iii,v); C1+2(i,ii); D. Notes:—Species of this genus have a relatively broad distribution in the humid forests of tropical and subtropical Asia (Robinson et al. 2016). However, individually, all of them are very rare plants, usually with limited distribution. Our discovery of Stigmatodactylus sikokianus in Vietnam, together with its recent report from northern Thailand (Pedersen & Suksathan 2013), dramatically expands the area of the known species previously known only in Japan and eastern China (including Taiwan). Considering newly discovered locations, the species has the largest area among all other species in the genus. Studied specimen:— VIETNAM, Dak Lak Province, Chu Yang Sin Mountains, lithophytic, tuberiferous herb on mossy rocks along a stream in evergreen broad-leaved forest, very rare, 7 August 2022, Nguyen Van Canh, s. n. (photo LE01123479 https://herbariumle.ru/?t=occ&id=140359).Published as part of Averyanov, Leonid V., Nguyen, Van Canh, Truong, Ba Vuong, Nguyen, Khang Sinh, Nguyen, Cuong Huu, Maisak, Tatiana V., Doan, Nga Thi, Nguyen, Tuan Hoang, Pham, Van The, Dat, Pham Thi Thanh, Thai, Tran Huy, Nguyen, Van Khuong & Trinh, Ngoc Bon, 2023, New orchids in the flora of Vietnam VI (Orchidaceae, tribes Arethuseae, Cymbidieae, Diurideae, Epidendreae, Vandeae, and Vanilleae), pp. 87-110 in Phytotaxa 597 (2) on page 100, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.597.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/792919
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