1,721,472 research outputs found
Implementation of environmental life cycle assessment model in organic municipal solid waste management in Malaysia / Ng Chee Guan
Get PDFOrganic Municipal Solid Waste (OMSW) generation in Malaysia is overwhelming and
most of the waste generated ended up in the waste stream to be disposed in landfills.
However, there has been minimal research on the comprehensive evaluation of the
Malaysian OMSW management system from environmental perspective despite priority
being given to increase recycling rate and composting of OMSW by the Malaysian
government. The main aim of the thesis is to study the environmental benefits of
OMSW management. The objectives include: (1) to determine the characteristics and
elemental composition of OMSW generated in Malaysia; (2) to provide a
comprehensive Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) of medium scale co-composting of OMSW;
(3) to evaluate environmental impacts and benefits associated with alternative OMSW
management system; and (4) to quantify the total CO2 equivalent reduction potential
from OMSW recycling via composting as compared to landfilling (Business-as-Usual)
in Peninsular Malaysia. A comprehensive Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) of medium scale
co-composting of OMSW was carried out based on comprehensive field studies.
Substance Flow Analysis of C, N, P, K, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni and Pb were carried out by using
STAN 2.5 software. The inputs and outputs of OMSW composting process were also
recorded. The life cycle environmental impacts from alternative OMSW management
system were evaluated based on ISO 14000 series. The total CO2 equivalent reduction
potential from OMSW recycling via composting as compared to landfilling was
assessed through scenarios comparison in accordance to Malaysian municipal solid
waste management strategic plan. The LCI of medium-scale co-composting of OMSW
in tropical environment was presented. The C/N reduction during the process was in the
range of 10-23%. In general, the compost composition was considered to be within the
ranges previously reported in literature. Heavy metals were found to remain in the
finished compost where the release of heavy metal to atmosphere is insignificant. No
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major environmental problems were identified from the OMSE composting process,
except for the emissions of GHGs. LCA studies revealed that anaerobic digestion is the
most environmentally sound management for OMSW with net environmental gain
whereas disposal of OMSW at landfill are generally less environmental favourable. This
study also highlights the importance of decomposition emissions control during OMSW
composting, particularly CH4, N2O and NH3. OMSW diversion from disposal created
significant climate change benefits in term of net GHG emissions reduction. The current
study reveals that an additional of 21% GHG emissions reduction including the
recycling of OMSW via composting in all sectors, on top of 25.5% GHG emission
reduction from Malaysia waste by increasing the recycling rate to 22% as reported by
previous study. A knowledge-based goal-oriented OMSW management study is
necessary to analyse the state-of-art of OMSW management in Malaysia and direct it
towards fulfilling the main goals of waste management. The results provide information
of all significant inputs and outputs in the form of elementary flow to and from the
environment from OMSW management involved. Based on the experience of SFA in
the present study, the emissions quantified are likely to be in agreement with that from
previous studies. Hence, author agrees and advocates that SFA is able to be integrated
with LCI and eventually LCIA studies upon OMSW management sector in Malaysia
In situ electrical and electrochemical characteristic measurement using AFM in high temperature
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
A Fibrin-Based Tissue-Engineered Renal Proximal Tubule for Bioartificial Kidney Devices: Development, Characterization and In Vitro Transport Study
Get PDFA bioartificial renal proximal tubule is successfully engineered as a first step towards a bioartificial kidney for improved renal substitution therapy. To engineer the tubule, a tunable hollow fiber membrane with an exterior skin layer that provides immunoprotection for the cells from extracapillary blood flow and a coarse inner surface that facilitates a hydrogel coating for cell attachment was embedded in a “lab-on-a-chip” model for the small-scale exploratory testing under flow conditions. Fibrin was coated onto the inner surface of the hollow fiber, and human renal proximal tubule epithelial cells were then seeded. Using this model, we successfully cultured a confluent monolayer, as ascertained by immunofluorescence staining for ZO-1 tight junctions and other proximal tubule markers, scanning electron microscopy, and FITC-inulin recovery studies. Furthermore, the inulin studies, combined with the creatinine and glucose transport profiles, suggested that the confluent monolayer exhibits functional transport capabilities. The novel approaches here may eventually improve current renal substitution technology for renal failure patients
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
The Nomchong family at BomBay, Shoalhaven River, via Braidwood, N.SW., ca. 1914 [picture] .
No full textCondition: Good.; Title from inscription on reverse.; Inscription: "BomBay, Shoalhaven River via Braidwood, N.S.W.., 1914? 1.Maud Nomchong (daughter of Ng Chee Dock), 2. Maud Shing (elder sister of Ellen) 3. Dolly Nomchong (daughter of Ng Chee Dock) 4. Ellen Shing (wife of W.J. Nomchong)" --In pencil on reverse.; Part of the collection: Nomchong family photograph collection
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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