4,478 research outputs found
Contrasting activity profile of two distributed cortical networks as a function of attentional demands
No full textThe original publication is available at http://www.jneurosci.orgThis work was supported by R01 grant MH-073610 from the National Institutes of Health to Denis Paré
AI thinking: a framework for rethinking artificial intelligence in practice
No full textArtificial intelligence is transforming the way we work with information across disciplines and practical contexts. A growing range of disciplines are now involved in studying, developing and assessing the use of AI in practice, but these disciplines often employ conflicting understandings of what AI is and what is involved in its use. New, interdisciplinary approaches are needed to bridge competing conceptualizations of AI in practice and help shape the future of AI use. I propose a novel conceptual framework called AI Thinking, which models key decisions and considerations involved in AI use across disciplinary perspectives. AI Thinking addresses five practice-based competencies involved in applying AI in context: motivating AI use, formulating AI methods, assessing available tools and technologies, selecting appropriate data and situating AI in the sociotechnical contexts it is used in. A hypothetical case study is provided to illustrate the application of AI Thinking in practice. This article situates AI Thinking in broader cross-disciplinary discourses of AI, including its connections to ongoing discussions around AI literacy and AI-driven innovation. AI Thinking can help to bridge between the work of diverse disciplines, contexts and actors in the AI space, and shape AI efforts in education, industrial development and policy
Denis Sargan: Some Perspectives
No full textWe attempt to present Denis Sargan's work in some kind of historical perspective, in two ways. First, we discuss some previous members of the Tooke Chair of Economic Science and Statistics, which was founded in 1859 and which Sargan held. Second, we discuss one of his artices 'Asymptotic Theory and Large Models' in relation to modern preoccupations with semiparametric econometrics.Denis Sargan, Tooke Chair of Economic Science and Statistics, asymptotic theory and large models, semiparametric econometrics.
AI Thinking: A framework for rethinking artificial intelligence in practice
No full textArtificial intelligence is transforming the way we work with information across disciplines and practical contexts. A growing range of disciplines are now involved in studying, developing, and assessing the use of AI in practice, but these disciplines often employ conflicting understandings of what AI is and what is involved in its use. New, interdisciplinary approaches are needed to bridge competing conceptualisations of AI in practice and help shape the future of AI use. I propose a novel conceptual framework called AI Thinking, which models key decisions and considerations involved in AI use across disciplinary perspectives. The AI Thinking model addresses five practice-based competencies involved in applying AI in context: motivating AI use in information processes, formulating AI methods, assessing available tools and technologies, selecting appropriate data, and situating AI in the sociotechnical contexts it is used in. A hypothetical case study is provided to illustrate the application of AI Thinking in practice. This article situates AI Thinking in broader cross-disciplinary discourses of AI, including its connections to ongoing discussions around AI literacy and AI-driven innovation. AI Thinking can help to bridge divides between academic disciplines and diverse contexts of AI use, and to reshape the future of AI in practice
Is Tolerance Political? An Interview with Denis Lacorne
No full textcontribution à un site webDenis Lacorne is the author of "The Limits of Tolerance. Enlightenment Values and Religious Fanaticism" (Columbia University Press, 2019), the English translation of "Les limites de la tolérance" (Gallimard, awarded the Prix Montyon by the Académie Française). In his book, which is intellectually very inspiring because of the many questions it addresses and raises, Denis Lacorne traces the emergence of the notion of tolerance from its early thinkers to the Age of Enlightenment and finally questions the notion and its various understandings through more recent events in France and the United States. What is tolerance? Is tolerance political? Interview by Miriam Périer, CER
Diving for Pearls: Indexing Mobility Information in Social Security Administration Clinical Records with a Neural Relevance Tagger
No full textEngineering: 2nd Place (The Ohio State University Edward F. Hayes Graduate Research Forum)Locating sparse information in medical text that is relevant to self-reported functional limitations is a key challenge in the US Social Security Administration's process of determining disability. We investigate the effectiveness of a recent relevance scoring model for retrieving information related to mobility limitations, one of the most frequent allegation types in disability applications. Descriptions of mobility status are complex and difficult to extract with existing methods. We demonstrate that tagging for relevance at the token level achieves high recall on retrieving true mobility descriptions, and ranking documents by the amount of predicted mobility-relevant information achieves very strong correlation with ranking by the true number of mobility descriptions in each document. Additionally, experiments on a dataset of long, highly heterogenous documents show that our approach performs nearly perfectly at ranking documents with mobility-related information higher than those without, indicating that relevance estimation has high potential utility as a document triage tool for managing high-volume disability applications.A three-year embargo was granted for this item
AI thinking and the enterprise of science
No full textRapid developments in artificial intelligence and the mainstreaming of generative AI have raised vital questions about the future of science. AI techniques present significant potential for enhancing scientific research, but also risks of bias, inequity, and eroding originality. Approaching AI as a methodology rather than a technology can help manage the tension between promise and peril, anchoring AI efficacy and ethics in processes of AI design and use. An “AI thinking” perspective can help scientists achieve richer analysis, more open science, and constructive use of generative AI while helping manage risk of harm. Adopting AI thinking requires diverse efforts in education, AI tools, and new public narratives, but these efforts will be rewarded with new approaches to AI as a fundamental toolbox for contemporary science
Timing of impulses from the central amygdala and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis to the brainstem
No full textThe amygdala and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) are thought to subserve distinct functions with the former mediating rapid fear responses to discrete sensory cues and the latter longer “anxiety-like” states in response to diffuse environmental contingencies. Yet, these structures are reciprocally connected and their projection sites overlap extensively. To shed light on the significance of BNST-amygdala connections, we compared the antidromic response latencies of BNST and central amygdala (CE) neurons to brainstem stimulation. Whereas the frequency distribution of latencies was unimodal in BNST neurons (~10 ms mode), that of CE neurons was bimodal (~10 and ~30 ms modes). However, after stria terminalis (ST) lesions, only short-latency antidromic responses were observed, suggesting that CE axons with long conduction times course through the ST. Compared to the direct route, the ST greatly lengthens the path of CE axons to the brainstem, an apparently disadvantageous arrangement. Since BNST and CE share major excitatory basolateral amygdala (BL) inputs, lengthening the path of CE axons might allow synchronization of BNST and CE impulses to brainstem when activated by BL. To test this, we applied electrical BL stimuli and compared orthodromic response latencies in CE and BNST neurons. The latency difference between CE and BNST neurons to BL stimuli approximated that seen between the antidromic responses of BNST cells and CE neurons with long-conduction times. These results point to a hitherto unsuspected level of temporal coordination between the inputs and outputs of CE and BNST neurons, supporting the idea of shared functions.The original publication is available at: http://jn.physiology.org/cgi/content/full/100/6/342
Embedding Transfer for Low-Resource Medical Named Entity Recognition: A Case Study on Patient Mobility
No full textFunctioning is gaining recognition as an important indicator of global health, but remains under-studied in medical natural language processing research. We present the first analysis of automatically extracting descriptions of patient mobility, using a recently-developed dataset of free text electronic health records. We frame the task as a named entity recognition (NER) problem, and investigate the applicability of NER techniques to mobility extraction. As text corpora focused on patient functioning are scarce, we explore domain adaptation of word embeddings for use in a recurrent neural network NER system. We find that embeddings trained on a small in-domain corpus perform nearly as well as those learned from large out-of-domain corpora, and that domain adaptation techniques yield additional improvements in both precision and recall. Our analysis identifies several significant challenges in extracting descriptions of patient mobility, including the length and complexity of annotated entities and high linguistic variability in mobility descriptions
Rehab Depot de la Plaine Saint-Denis
No full textRedesign for workshop Atelier Revision Intermediaire at the Depot de la Plaine Saint-Denis with a rehabilitation center as new functionRMITArchitecture and The Built Environmen
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