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RESTAURAÇÃO DE RESERVA LEGAL DE PROPRIEDADES OU POSSES RURAIS FAMILIARES: UMA PROPOSTA PARA A COMUNIDADE ILHA DE ANTÔNIO CARDOSO, BAHIA
Get PDFEnvironmental legislation, specifically Federal Law 12.651 / 2012 and State Decree 15.180 / 2014 provide, among several legal obligations regarding the regularization and environmental adjustment of rural properties. Thus, there is a growing demand for proposals that are feasible and effective, especially considering the protected areas within the rural property, such as Legal Reserve (RL) and Permanent Preservation Areas (APPs), based on the restoration of ecosystem services and That provide ecological connectivity, considering ecological processes and the integrated management of resources. In addition, this legislation provides for a legal obligation of the state public authority to technically support the restoration of the vegetation of the RL's of small properties or rural family possessions. The objective of this study was to analyze the situation of the Legal Reserve areas of small farms, family farms, and propose means of restoration of these areas, considering mainly land uses and a previous diagnosis of soil and On the site and in the surroundings. For this purpose, data from the Forest Restoration Pilot Project, provided by the Institute of Environment and Water Resources (INEMA), were used, analyzing the characteristics of rural family properties, registered in the State Forestry Register of Rural Property (CEFIR) located in Ilha de Antônio Cardoso Community, Antônio Cardoso-Ba. With this, it was evident that according to the use of the soil there is a need for a stage of soil recovery, prior to the restoration of the vegetation. Such restoration can be accomplished by conducting the natural regeneration of vegetation, planting of enrichment, planting of densification or total planting of native species. Considering the similarity of the environmental situations encountered, a joint action was also proposed to restore the Legal Reserve areas of the properties analyzed, using species from the region and the use of fruits and byproducts for commercialization and income generation, promoting in this way incentive to continuity of the process of restoration of the areas and later the possibility of adhesion of other farmers of the region.A legislação ambiental, mais especificamente a Lei Federal 12.651/2012 e o Decreto Estadual 15.180/2014 dispõem, dentre diversas obrigações legais acerca da regularização e adequação ambiental de imóveis rurais. Com isso, há uma demanda crescente por proposições que sejam viáveis e eficazes, considerando especialmente as áreas protegidas dentro do imóvel rural, como a Reserva Legal (RL) e as Áreas de Preservação Permanente (APP’s), com base no restabelecimento de serviços ecossistêmicos e que proporcionem conectividade ecológica, considerando os processos ecológicos e o manejo integrado dos recursos. Além disso, esta legislação prevê uma obrigação legal do poder público estadual em apoiar tecnicamente a restauração da vegetação das RL’s das pequenas propriedades ou posses rurais familiares. Sendo assim, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a situação das áreas de Reserva Legal de pequenas propriedades rurais, de agricultura familiar, e propor meios de restauração destas áreas, considerando pincipalmente os usos da terra e um diagnóstico prévio das condições do solo e da vegetação no local e no entorno. Para tanto, foram utilizados dados do Projeto Piloto de Restauração Florestal, cedidos pelo Instituto do Meio Ambiente e Recursos Hídricos (INEMA), analisando-se as características de imóveis rurais familiares, cadastrados no Cadastro Estadual Florestal de Imóveis Rurais (CEFIR), localizados na Comunidade Ilha de Antônio Cardoso, município de Antônio Cardoso-Ba. Com isso, ficou evidente que de acordo com o uso do solo há a necessidade de uma etapa de recuperação do solo, anterior à de restauração da vegetação. Tal restauração pode ser realizada através da condução da regeneração natural da vegetação, do plantio de enriquecimento, do plantio de adensamento ou do plantio total de espécies nativas. Considerando a similaridade das situações ambientais encontradas, propôs-se ainda uma ação conjunta de restauração das áreas de Reserva Legal das propriedades analisadas, utilizando espécies da região e o uso de frutas e subprodutos para comercialização e geração de renda, promovendo desta forma incentivo à continuidade do processo de restauração das áreas e posteriormente a possibilidade de adesão de outros agricultores da região
As abelhas eussociais (Hymenoptera, Apidae) visitantes florais em um ecossistema de dunas continentais no m\ue9dio Rio S\ue3o Francisco, Bahia, Brasil
No full textDispersão e predação de sementes de três espécies de Jatropha L. (Euphorbiaceae) da caatinga, semi-árido do Brasil
Get PDFSeed dispersal and predation of Jatropha mollissima (Pohl) Baill., Jatropha mutabilis (Pohl) Baill., and Jatropha ribifolia (Pohl) Baill. were characterized and compared in an area of hyperxerophilous shrub-arboreal caatinga in northeastern Brazil during the period between July 2005 and June 2007. All of the species demonstrated primary dispersal of their seeds by ballistic autochory, which favors an aggregated distribution of their populations. Secondary dispersal by myrmecochory and hydrochory were observed. The immature fruits are harvested by birds of the family Psittacidae and the seeds are consumed by granivorous of the families Psittacidae, Columbidae, and Tinamidae. These results indicated that the secondary seed dispersal is necessary to maintain genetic flow between populations.A dispersão e a predação de sementes de Jatropha mollissima (Pohl) Baill., Jatropha mutabilis (Pohl) Baill. e Jatropha ribifolia (Pohl) Baill. foram descritas e comparadas em uma área de caatinga hiperxerófila arbustiva-arbórea do nordeste brasileiro, no período de julho de 2005 a junho de 2007. Em todas as espécies ocorre dispersão primária das sementes por autocoria balística, o que garante a manutenção da distribuição agregada das populações. Observou-se dispersão secundária por mirmecocoria e hidrocoria. Os frutos imaturos são predados por aves da família Psittacidae e as sementes são consumidas por granívoros das famílias Psittacidae, Columbidae e Tinamidae. Os resultados obtidos indicam que a dispersão secundária das sementes é imprescindível para a manutenção do fluxo gênico entre as populações
Brazilian Journal of Biology
No full text9 p.Previous studies have shown the superior competitive ability of honeybees compared with native bees in the exploitation of floral resources and nesting sites besides their low efficiency in pollinating native plant species. However, there is little evidence of the effect of this invading species on autochthonous plant populations in
natural environments. Thus experiments were performed to test the pollination efficiency of honeybees in two species of Jatropha (Euphorbiaceae), J. mollissima (Pohl) Baill. and J. mutabilis (Pohl) Baill., after a single flower visitation. Samplings were carried out between March and April 2006 in a hyperxerophilous shrub-arboreal Caatinga at Estação Biológica de Canudos, Bahia (9º 56´ 34" S, 38º 59´ 17" W), the property of Fundação Biodiversitas. Apis mellifera was efficient at pollinating J. mollissima (100%) and J. mutabilis (85%). This high
efficiency may be explained by 1) the simple floral characteristics of both plant species, which facilitate access to the sexual organs of the plant; and 2) the body size of A. mellifera that fits the flower's dimensions
Brazilian Journal of Biology
No full text9 p.Previous studies have shown the superior competitive ability of honeybees compared with native bees in the exploitation of floral resources and nesting sites besides their low efficiency in pollinating native plant species. However, there is little evidence of the effect of this invading species on autochthonous plant populations in
natural environments. Thus experiments were performed to test the pollination efficiency of honeybees in two species of Jatropha (Euphorbiaceae), J. mollissima (Pohl) Baill. and J. mutabilis (Pohl) Baill., after a single flower visitation. Samplings were carried out between March and April 2006 in a hyperxerophilous shrub-arboreal Caatinga at Estação Biológica de Canudos, Bahia (9º 56´ 34" S, 38º 59´ 17" W), the property of Fundação Biodiversitas. Apis mellifera was efficient at pollinating J. mollissima (100%) and J. mutabilis (85%). This high
efficiency may be explained by 1) the simple floral characteristics of both plant species, which facilitate access to the sexual organs of the plant; and 2) the body size of A. mellifera that fits the flower's dimensions
As abelhas eussociais (Hymenoptera, Apidae) visitantes florais em um ecossistema de dunas continentais no médio Rio São Francisco, Bahia, Brasil
No full textHighly eusocial bees (Hymenoptera, Apidae) flower visitors in a continental sand dune ecosystem from the medium São Francisco River, Bahia, Brazil. A community of highly eusocial bees in sand dunes, covered with caatinga vegetation, in the medium São Francisco River, Bahia (10º47' 37"S and 42º49' 25"W) was studied. The local climate is semi arid and hot, with mean temperature of 25.7 ºC and annual precipitation of 653.8 mm. Censuses took place every two months, from February to December of 2000. The bees were sampled on flowers with entomological nets, from 6:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. A total of 2,147 individuals of eight species of Apinae were found, of which Apis mellifera Linnaeus (40.2%), Trigona spinipes (Fabricius) (28.7%) and Frieseomelitta silvestri languida Moure (14.7%) were the predominant species. The diversity was H' = 1.53 and the evenness E' = 0.73. The bees were active during the whole year, but there was a significant variation in the monthly abundance of individuals (c2= 799.55; df= 35; p<0.0001). The daily activity was greater between 6:00 a.m. and 8:00 a.m. The low bee diversity observed is a consequence of the low richness of botanical species and of the small amount of sites for the bees' nests. The community of highly eusocial bees from the dunes presents organization patterns similar to those observed in other caatinga areas, albeit with some particularities
Neotropical Entomology
Get PDFp. 735-736Dois espécimes de Epicharis bicolor Smith foram capturados em flores de Byrsonima correifolia Adr. Juss. (Malpighiaceae) em uma área de caatinga, em Ibiraba (10º 47' 37'' S e 42º 49' 25'' W), Bahia, Brasil
Invent\ue1rio da fauna de Euglossinae (Hymenoptera, Apidae) do baixo sul da Bahia, Brasil
No full textRevista Brasileira de Entomologia
No full textP. 571-578.Highly eusocial bees (Hymenoptera, Apidae) flower visitors in a continental sand dune ecosystem from the medium São Francisco River, Bahia, Brazil. A community of highly eusocial bees in sand dunes, covered with caatinga vegetation, in the medium São Francisco River, Bahia (10º47' 37"S and 42º49' 25"W) was studied. The local climate is semi arid and hot, with mean temperature of 25.7 ºC and annual precipitation of 653.8 mm. Censuses took place every two months, from February to December of 2000. The bees were sampled on flowers with entomological nets, from 6:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. A total of 2,147 individuals of eight species of Apinae were found, of which Apis mellifera Linnaeus (40.2%), Trigona spinipes (Fabricius) (28.7%) and Frieseomelitta silvestri languida Moure (14.7%) were the predominant species. The diversity was H´ = 1.53 and the evenness E´ = 0.73. The bees were active during the whole year, but there was a
significant variation in the monthly abundance of individuals (χ2= 799.55; df= 35; p<0.0001). The daily activity was
greater between 6:00 a.m. and 8:00 a.m. The low bee diversity observed is a consequence of the low richness of botanical
species and of the small amount of sites for the bees’ nests. The community of highly eusocial bees from the dunes presents
organization patterns similar to those observed in other caatinga areas, albeit with some particularities.São Paul
Revista Brasileira de Zoologia
No full textP. 831 - 837.This paper reports the results concerning collection of Euglossinae bees in a mangrove ecosystem in Valença(13º22'08"S and 39º04'20"W), Bahia. These samples were made twice a month, for a year. The chemical baits Citronella, Eucalyptol, Eugenol, Metyl Salicylate and Vanillin attracted 1,144 specimens distributed among twelve species and two genera: Eulaema (Lepeletier, 1841) and Euglossa (Latreille, 1802). The predominam bee species was Eulaema nigrita (Lepeletier, 1841) consisting of 49.4% of the collected specimens, followed by Euglossa cordata (Linnaeus, 1758) with 44.88%, Euglossa imperialis (Cockerell, 1922) with 2.4% and Eulaema meriana flavescens (Friese, 1899) with 1.6%. Theothers species, considering sporadic visitors, Euglossa securigera (Dressler, 1982), Euglossa chalybeata (Friese, 1925), Euglossa liopoda (Dressler, 1982), Euglossa gaianii (Dressler, 1982), Euglossa townsendi (Cockerell, 1904), Euglossa truncata (Rebelo & Moure, 1995), Euglossa melanotricha (Moure, 1967) and Euglossa sapphirina (Moure, 1968) represented together only 1.8% of the total sample. The Euglossinae were more active from October to May. Eucalyptol was the most attractive bait, attracting 1,120 specimens. Methyl Salicylate attracted 17 specimens, followed by Eugenol, which attracted 04 specimens and Vanillin, which attracted 03 specimens. Citronella was not an attractive chemical.Curitib
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