1,721,089 research outputs found
Molar-incisor hypomineralization: a literature review
No full textA Hipomineralização de Molares e Incisivos é descrita como a presença de opacidades demarcadas branco-creme ou amarelo-amarronzadas nos primeiros molares permanentes, frequentemente associada aos incisivos permanentes. Já a presença nos segundos molares decíduos denomina-se Hipomineralização de Molares Decíduos. O esmalte hipomineralizado é frágil e pode quebrar, predispondo à cárie. O objetivo do presente artigo é realizar uma revisão de literatura sobre a Hipomineralização de Molares e Incisivos, abordando suas características clínicas e microestruturais, prevalência, fatores etiológicos e implicações clínicas. Foi realizada busca na base de dados PubMed, com foco nas publicações a partir de 2001. Esta condição é relativamente frequente em todo mundo, com prevalência variando de 10 a 25%. Problemas perinatais, doenças e uso de antibióticos nos primeiros anos de vida tem sido relatados como possíveis fatores causais, embora sua etiologia ainda seja incerta. A presença de hipomineralização nos molares decíduos é considerada umimportante fator preditor para presença nos permanentes Histologicamente, o esmalte é altamente poroso e os prismas são desorganizados, com valores de microdureza significativamente mais baixos que o esmalte normal. O tratamento restavraóor é usualmente mais complexo, pois as fraturas de esmalte podem ser extensas, resultando em restaurações atípicas. Dentes hipomineralizados podem dificultar a obtenção de anestesia local devido à hipersensibilidade. Com base na presente revisão, concluiu-se que a hipomineralização representa um desafio para a prática clínica. Os dentistas devem estar conscientes sobre as implicações clínicas relacionadas à Hipomineralização de molares e incisivos, de modo a oferecer o tratamento preventivo e restaurador apropriado aos pacientes.Molar-íncisor-hypomineralization is descríbed as the presence of demarcated opacities varying in color from creamy-whitish to yellow-brownish affecting first permanent molars often combined to permanent incisors also affected. When primary molars are affected, it is called Deciduous Molar hypomineralization. The hypomineralized enamel is fragile and might break predisposing to caries. The aim of the present paper was to review the literature about Molar-incisor-hypomineralization regarding its clinical and microstructure features, prevalence, etiological factors and clinical implications A search on PubMed database was done focused in publícatíons from 2001 on. That condítion ís relatively frequent worldwide with prevalence between 10 and 25% being reported in several countries. Perinatal problems, r:Mseases and antibiotics intake in the first years of life have been reported as possible causative factors, although íts etiology is stíll unclear. The presence of hypomineralization in primary molars has been considered an important predictor for the presence in permanent. Histologically, the enamel is highly porous, the prisms are disorganized and significant lower hardness values are observed in comparison to normal enamel. Restorative treatment of hypomineralized teeth is usually more complex because the enamel breakdown míght be extensive resulting in atypical restorations. Hypomineralized teeth can frequently be difficult to anesthetize due to hypersensitivity. Based on present review it was possible to conclude that hypomineralization represents a challenge to the clirícal pradice. Dental clinicians should be aware of all the clinical implications related to Molar-incisor hypomineralization in order to provide appropriate preventive and restorative treatment to the patients
Assessing the most irreplaceable protected areas for the conservation of mammals in the Atlantic Forest: Lessons for the governance of mosaics
Get PDFWe have gathered 21,353 records of 40 different medium- and large-sized species of mammals existing in the Atlantic Forest conservation units of Brazil, including full protection and sustainable use types of management. We have classified the conservation units by their irreplaceability in terms of their role in the protection of mammalian species. Most irreplaceable conservation units are concentrated in the southern and southeastern regions of Brazil, mainly in the states of Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo and Paraná. Our data show that over and above the area of the conservation unit or its type of use, protection of its surroundings appears to be of most consequence. Therefore, it is essential to develop effective mosaic governance mechanisms that include protected areas and different types of land use. However, it is also necessary to establish common ground that allows the coexistence of human economic demands and wildlife preservation.Fil: Macedo, Leandro. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; BrasilFil: Monjeau, Jorge Adrian. Fundación Bariloche; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte; ArgentinaFil: Neves, Aline. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Brasi
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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