1,721,005 research outputs found
Finland’s Digital Communication System:Infrastructures, markets, and state involvement
No full textThis chapter presents a framework for empirically investigating digital communication systems and applies it through a mapping of the key infrastructures, market actors, and state regulations that shape the structural conditions surrounding digital communication in Finland. Being both inspired by and critical towards classic media system analysis, we approach communication structures from the perspective individuals rather than from (legacy) institutions and explore the technological, economic, and political conditions that frame mundane internet use. In doing so, we map the technological features, ownership, and regulation of access network, backbone, application, and data infrastructures and discuss how they mutually influence each other. On that basis, we conclude that Finland’s geopolitical position, strong market actors, and political digitalisation strategies have been essential factors in the evolution of the country’s digital communication system
Freedom of Association Doctrine in Finland
No full textFreedom of association in Finland is an old, fundamental right protected by the Constitution. However, the legislation protecting the right is from the period before the fundamental rights reform of 1995 following Finland’s accession to the Council of Europe in 1990. Key issues are freedom of religion in the registration conditions of religious communities and mandatory membership in student unions. In addition, the Supreme Court and the Supreme Administrative Court have issued rulings that have significantly shaped Finland’s doctrine of freedom of association.Peer reviewe
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