1,720,970 research outputs found
The effect of computerized tailored brief advice on at-risk drinking in subcritically injured trauma patients
No full textUnfallbedingte Rettungsstellenkontakte stellen eine gute Gelegenheit für ein
Screening auf riskanten Alkoholkonsum und verhaltensmodifizierende
Interventionen dar. Das Ziel dieser prospektiv randomisiert-kontrollierten
Studie war es zu zeigen, dass es in noch in einer Rettungsstelle möglich ist,
mit einer computergestützten Lebensstil-Risikoanalyse (mit individualisierter,
schriftlicher Information, Feedback und Beratung zu riskantem Verhalten und
einer möglichen Verhaltensänderung) den riskanten Alkoholkonsum nach 6 bzw. 12
Monaten zu reduzieren. Methodik: Eingeschlossen wurden nach schriftlichem
Einverständnis und Ethikkommisionsvotum alle konsekutiven verunfallten
Patienten über 18 Jahre, die sich in der Rettungsstelle vorstellten. Patienten
beantworteten an einem Laptop Fragen zu Substanzkonsum und verschieden
Aspekten des Lebensstils. Der „Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test”
erfasst alkoholbezogene Probleme und Risiken (screenpositiv >=5 P.). Riskanter
Alkoholkonsum (Männer >=30 g/d, Frauen >= 20 g/d) wurde schriftlich erhoben.
Von 3026 Teilnehmern waren 38 % screenpositiv. Der Interventionsgruppe wurden
563, der Kontrollgruppe 576 Patienten zugeteilt. Die Intervention erfolgte
durch Aushändigen einer computerisierten Risikoanalyse mit einem
schriftlichen, nicht-konfrontativen Rat, Information und Feedback mit klar
formulierte Verhaltensratschläge und Zielen, sowie den Angeboten eines
Beratungsnetzwerks. Ergebnisse: Die leichtverletzten, screenpositiven
Patienten waren im Median 30 Jahre alt, 79 % männlich, 60 % Raucher, 34 %
konsumierten auch illegale Drogen und 48 % berichteten einen riskanten
Alkoholkonsum. Nur die Hälfte der Patienten zeigte zumindest eine Ambivalenz
bezüglich ihres Alkoholkonsums. Das Informationsbedürfnis (bezüglich
medizinischer Information bei Erkrankung) als auch die Präferenz für eine
geteilte medizinische Entscheidung war hoch nach dem ‘Autonomy Preference
Index‘. Nach 6 Monaten (Follow-up: 63 %) hatten 21,7 % der
Interventionspatienten und 30,4 % der Kontrollpatienten einen riskanten
Alkoholkonsum (p = 0,008, Number Needed to Treat‘ = 12). Die
Trinkmengenreduktion betrug -35,7 % vs. -20,5 %, p = 0,006. Nach 12 Monaten
(Follow-up: 58 %) tranken 37,3 % vs. 42,6 % riskant (p = 0,168), die
Trinkmenge sank um - 22,8 % vs. - 10,9 %, p = 0,023. Weitere Beratung
bezüglich riskantem Alkoholkonsum nahmen 9,1 % (vs. 5,7 % der Kontrollen, p =
0,093) in Anspruch. Ein Einfluss der Intervention auf den Krankenstand (3,1 %)
fand sich nicht. Schlussfolgerung: Die Prävalenz von Lebensstilrisiken bei
traumatisierten Patienten ist hoch. Traumatisierte Patienten sind
änderungsmotiviert und interessiert an medizinischer Information und geteilter
Entscheidungsfindung im medizinischen Entscheidungsprozess. Auch im
Routinebetrieb einer chirurgischen Rettungsstelle war es möglich, ein zeitlich
gering aufwendiges Screening mittels Computer durchzuführen und hinsichtlich
eines riskanten Lebensstils erfolgreich zu intervenieren.Being admitted to an Emergency department (ED) is good opportunity to screen
for risky alcohol use and to provide behavior modifying interventions. The aim
of this prospective randomized controlled trial was to demonstrate that it is
possible to reduce risky alcohol use with a computer based lifestyle-risk-
analysis and subsequent individualized computer-based information, feedback,
and counseling regarding risky behavior and a possible adjustment of behavior
in trauma patients still in the ED after 6 and 12 months respectively. Method:
All consecutive adult patients presenting with a trauma in the ED were
included in the trial after written consent and a positive vote of the local
ethics committee. Patients answered questions on a laptop regarding substance
use and lifestyle problems. The “Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test
(AUDIT)” screened for alcohol use related disorders and problems. Risky
consumption of alcohol was defined as >= 30 g/d (men), >=20 g/d (women) based
on a paper-pencil interview. Out of 3026 participants 38% were screen positive
(>=5 AUDIT-points). 563 patients were assigned to the intervention group and
576 to the control group. The intervention in the intervention group was
carried out by handing out a letter with a written non confronting advice,
information and feedback with behavioral advice with clear goals and the offer
to use a counseling network based on the computerized risk analysis. Results:
The screen-positive subcritically injured patients (age median 30 years, 79%
men) reported smoking in 60%, illicit drugs use at least occasionally in 34%
and risky alcohol consumption in 48 % of all screen-positives. Half of the
patients showed an ambivalence regarding their consumption of alcohol. In all
patients the need for medical information as well as the preference for shared
medical decision-making (“Autonomy Preference Index“) was high. After 6 months
(follow-up rate 63%). 21.7% of the patients in the intervention group and
30.4% of the patients in the control group showed a risky consumption of
alcohol (p=0,008, Number needed to treat =12). The reduction of alcohol
consumption was minus 35.7% vs. -20.5% p=0.006. After 12 months (follow-up
58%) risky use was found in 37.3 vs. 42.6%, p=0,168, and the intake reduction
was -22.8% vs. -10.9%, p=0,023. Further counseling regarding their risky
consumption of alcohol reported 9.1% vs. 5.7% p = 0.093). An influence of the
intervention on sick leave (3.1%) was not found in the year after the
accident. Conclusions: The prevalence of lifestyle risks in trauma patients is
high. Trauma patients showed a readiness to change their behavior and a high
need for medical information as well as for shared decision-making in medical
decision-making process. It was possible to conduct computer based screening
and intervention regarding a risky life style using only little time in a
surgical emergency department
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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