1,721,355 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Von Neumann i la teoria de jocs
No full textEl gran matemàtic John von Neumann (1903-1957) tingué un paper primordial en la gènesi de la Teoria dels Jocs, la teoria matemàtica de les interaccions socials, avui una eina imprescindible de les ciències socials. Tot i que els pioners d'aquesta teoria -Borel, Zermelo, von Neumann
i altres- hi feren les seves aportacions inspirant-se en els jocs de taula com ara els escacs o el pòquer, de seguida deixaren clar el seu afany de construir una teoria matemàtica de totes les interaccions estratègiques que pogués convertir-se en una eina per dotar de rigor les ciències
socials. Aquest programa disciplinar assoleix la seva fi ta fundacional el 1944 quan von Neumann i l'economista Oskar Morgenstern publiquen Theory of Games and Economic Behavior. Aquest llibre, avui un clàssic, posava les bases d'una nova disciplina i fou el tret de sortida que esperonà el desenvolupament del la Teoria dels Jocs tal i com avui la coneixem. Amb la metxa ja encesa, l'impacte d'aquesta teoria en l'economia es féu esperar encara tota una generació i no fou fins a finals dels 1970 que la nova eina revolucionà la recerca econòmica. L'impacte d'aquesta teoria ha
estat contundent. Des de l'anàlisi de la competència entre empreses fins a les subhastes, la carrera armamentista, les lleis electorals, l'elecció dels candidats dels partits polítics, les campanyes de
vacunació o els contractes dels futbolistes, l'anàlisi científi ca de multitud de fenòmens del món real seria avui inconcebible sense la Teoria dels Jocs
Von Neumann i la teoria de jocs
No full textEl gran matemàtic John von Neumann (1903-1957) tingué un paper primordial en la gènesi de la Teoria dels Jocs, la teoria matemàtica de les interaccions socials, avui una eina imprescindible de les ciències socials. Tot i que els pioners d'aquesta teoria -Borel, Zermelo, von Neumann
i altres- hi feren les seves aportacions inspirant-se en els jocs de taula com ara els escacs o el pòquer, de seguida deixaren clar el seu afany de construir una teoria matemàtica de totes les interaccions estratègiques que pogués convertir-se en una eina per dotar de rigor les ciències
socials. Aquest programa disciplinar assoleix la seva fi ta fundacional el 1944 quan von Neumann i l'economista Oskar Morgenstern publiquen Theory of Games and Economic Behavior. Aquest llibre, avui un clàssic, posava les bases d'una nova disciplina i fou el tret de sortida que esperonà el desenvolupament del la Teoria dels Jocs tal i com avui la coneixem. Amb la metxa ja encesa, l'impacte d'aquesta teoria en l'economia es féu esperar encara tota una generació i no fou fins a finals dels 1970 que la nova eina revolucionà la recerca econòmica. L'impacte d'aquesta teoria ha
estat contundent. Des de l'anàlisi de la competència entre empreses fins a les subhastes, la carrera armamentista, les lleis electorals, l'elecció dels candidats dels partits polítics, les campanyes de
vacunació o els contractes dels futbolistes, l'anàlisi científi ca de multitud de fenòmens del món real seria avui inconcebible sense la Teoria dels Jocs
Reduced activity of the noradrenergic system in the paraventricular nucleus at the end of pregnancy: Implications for stress hyporesponsiveness
No full textWe investigated whether changes in noradrenaline neurotransmission in the hypothalamus could explain the hyporesponsiveness of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in late pregnancy. Noradrenaline release within the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus in response to swim stress, as estimated by microdialysis and high-performance liquid chromatography, was lower in 20-day pregnant rats compared to virgin rats. Driving a central noradrenergic pathway using intravenous cholecystokinin increased adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secretion in virgin rats, but the response was significantly less in 16-day and 20-day pregnant rats. Thus, the activity of noradrenergic inputs to the paraventricular nucleus and the HPA axis is attenuated in late pregnancy. The sensitivity of the HPA axis to noradrenaline in pregnancy was investigated by intracerebroventricular administration of an α1-receptor antagonist, benoxathian, before and during exposure to swim stress. In virgin rats, benoxathian increased basal and stress-induced ACTH secretion, but in late pregnant rats the benoxathian effects were attenuated, indicating reduced sensitivity of the HPA axis to noradrenaline neurotransmission and/or the inability of the system to become disinhibited at this time. α1A-adrenoreceptor mRNA expression in the parvocellular and magnocellular paraventricular nucleus, measured by in situ hybridisation, was decreased in late pregnant compared to virgin rats. Additionally, blocking endogenous opioid inhibition with naloxone pretreatment restored the ACTH secretory response to cholecystokinin in pregnant rats. Thus, in late pregnancy, there is reduced noradrenergic input to the paraventricular nucleus and reduced α1A-receptor expression in the paraventricular nucleus, both of which may contribute to the reduced responsiveness of the HPA axis in pregnancy. © 2005 Blackwell Publishing Ltd
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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