6 research outputs found
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No full textThe first AI4TSP competition: Learning to solve stochastic routing problems
No full textThis paper reports on the first international competition on AI for the traveling salesman problem (TSP) at the International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence 2021 (IJCAI-21). The TSP is one of the classical combinatorial optimization problems, with many variants inspired by real-world applications. This first competition asked the participants to develop algorithms to solve an orienteering problem with stochastic weights and time windows (OPSWTW). It focused on two learning approaches: surrogate-based optimization and deep reinforcement learning. In this paper, we describe the problem, the competition setup, and the winning methods, and give an overview of the results. The winning methods described in this work have advanced the state-of-the-art in using AI for stochastic routing problems. Overall, by organizing this competition we have introduced routing problems as an interesting problem setting for AI researchers. The simulator of the problem has been made open-source and can be used by other researchers as a benchmark for new learning-based methods. The instances and code for the competition are available at https://github.com/paulorocosta/ai-for-tsp-competition.Cyber Securit
Prediction of birth weight before delivery according to characteristics of mothers at Fatemieh Hospital in Hamedan
No full textBackground and aimFetal weight is an important factor in delivery since many preventable risks can be detected by accurate estimation of it before delivery. Accordingly, the risk of death and maternal as well as neonatal complications related to birth weight can be reduced by quick referral to more equipped centers. The aim of this study was to determine prediction of birth weight before delivery according to characteristics of mothers at Fatemieh Hospital in Hamedan. Materials and Methods In this descriptive-correlational study, 220 women with no complication in pregnancy and gestational age between 37-41 weeks were selected by convenience sampling. A questionnaire, a checklist, a meter band and a scale were used for data collection. The first 2 were validated by content method. The scale was validated with 2 standard scales, 1 with the brand of Rasa calibrated by Farid engineering Co. made in Iran for weighing mothers and the other with the band of Seca made in Germany. To validate the band, a standard, firm, flexible and inextensible one was used. Test-retest was applied for the reliability of the questionnaire and inter-rater method for the checklist and the meter band. The scales were also made reliable with appropriate protocol. A multiple regression analysis was performed to evaluate predictive value of characteristics in 10 pregnant mothers including weight, height, gestational weight gain, body mass index, fundal height, abdominal girth, arm girth, gestational age and fetal sex to identify an optimal combination for estimating birth weight. Data were analyzed by SPSS 11/5. FindingsOf 10 factors under investigation, 4 including gestational age, height of mother, fundal height and fetal sex explained in combination the birth weight up to 44%. Press index showed that the following equation has proper prediction accuracy:Birth weight (g) =-2643.91+8.02 (gestational age in day) + 844.46 (mother's height) (m) +65.23 (fundal height) (cm) +144.25 (fetal sex) (boy=1, girl=0) ConclusionBirth weight can be correctly estimated with the resulted regression equation in terms of maternal characteristics before delivery.Keywords: Prediction, Birth weight, Characteristics of pregnant mother, Delivery. *Corresponding Author: Mahboobeh Ahmadi Doolabi .Dept. of Community Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Health services, Tehran, Iran E-mail: [email protected]
Title: Understanding HIV reverse transcription: the structure and function of the N-terminal domain in human Lysyl-tRNA Synthetase Author: Tran, U., Nguyen, H., Refaei, M., Calhoun, J., and Tsang, P. College of Arts & Sciences, University of Cincinnati
No full textBy Uyen Tran, Biochemistry
Advisor: Pearl Tsang
Presentation ID: PM_D19
Abstract: The enzyme Lysyl-tRNA Synthetase in human, abbreviated hKRS, is packaged into new HIV-1 virus particles. The eukaryotic enzyme consists of three domains: an anticodon binding domain, a catalytic domain, and an N-terminal domain that is unique to higher eukaryotic organisms. Previous studies have shown that the presence of the N-terminal domain (NTD) greatly increases the selective incorporation of tRNA-Lys3 of HIV-1; however, the NTD structure and the means by which it interacts with the tRNA are still not well characterized or understood. The research conducted and described here involves purification of hKRS NTD and our studies of its structural properties. This specifically involved the growth and purification of the recombinant form of the NTD in Escherichia coli BL21 DE3 cells. Purified NTD protein that was obtained was then concentrated and the protein concentration was determined using UV spectrophotometry and other techniques. The purified, concentrated NTD was then studied using Circular Dichroism to examine the secondary structure of this protein as a function of concentration and temperature
Beyond Citation Mechanics and Plagiarism: Engaging (Multilingual) Students in Research
No full textBRIEF SESSION DESCRIPTION:In-class activities and explanations of citation largely focus on the mechanics of citation and warning students against plagiarism; however, these attempts have yielded little if any improved transfer of citation skills among newer college students from various disciplines and cultural backgrounds (Refaei et al, 2017; Howard, 1993).àThis pedagogical challenge is certainly heightened for international students who are often unfamiliar with the culture of citation in the U.S. academy, but is also significant for many domestic students who are native speakers of English and/or multilingual learners. Using Robillardââ¬â¢s (2006) and Harrisââ¬â¢ (2006) extensive work on the purpose and benefits of citing for the writer, reader, and cited author, the presenters will share three activities that they use to teach citation expectations and ecologies to novice students across disciplines. àThe activities in this session are relevant for all students, but will be particularly useful for new multilingual college students.àParticipants will be able to use three practical tools to engage their studentsââ¬â¢ learning of source-integration and incorporate these activities in class conversations regarding citation norms and/or writing assignments where students can reflect on the larger purpose for integrating texts.à________________________________________________________________FULL ABSTRACT:Refaei et al (2017) find that many first and second year college students struggle with consistently applying appropriate citing from assignment to assignment across various multidisciplinary courses even when they have participated in elaborate class activities discussing the mechanics of citation. For multilingual students, this challenge is especially pronounced because they may be unfamiliar with the academic culture of citation. Robillard (2006) and Vardi (2012) argue that these challenges in applying appropriate citation may be the result of an enduring pedagogical stance whereby citation is presented as a way to ââ¬Ågive credit where credit is due.ââ¬Â However, this approach may not sufficiently engage students in learning about theàgreater benefits of and reasons for citation.ààUsing Robillardââ¬â¢s (2006) and Harrisââ¬â¢ (2006) work on the purpose and benefits of citing for the writer, reader, and cited author, we have crafted three activities that we use to teach citation ecology to students pursuing different disciplines. Since most of our students are multilingual or international and are relatively new to their fields and to the norms of academic writing, these activities simultaneously introduce and prompt immediate application and reflection on both the how and the why of citation. Through these activities, novice learners are able to notice, actively participate in, and appreciate the ecology of citation.ààThe first in-class pre-reading activity helps students notice the referencing moves in academic texts within their fields. Students observe the ways discipline-specific writers integrate sources. In the second in-class pre-writing activity, the students work to compile a list of possible reasons for citation as well as its benefits to the reader, writer, and cited author. Students are encouraged to list as many reasons and benefits as they can beyond responses like ââ¬Åsupporting my pointââ¬Â and ââ¬Åavoiding plagiarism.ââ¬Â The final is a follow-up activity we conduct during the studentsââ¬â¢ writing phase. In it, the students revisit their reasons for citing, identify three instances of source integration in their own writing, and articulate a specific reason motivating them to include the source(s) in each instance. With this activity, we also provide a sample student assignment in which the activity was applied to enhance student engagement with the sources.ààAs students move from the noticing to applying to reflecting on their referencing practice, they begin appreciating the rhetorical purpose of referencing in academia and understand how this practice enables readers and writers to build the research territory while appropriately engaging in scholarly conversation and developing an understanding of stance and reader disposition.Participants will be able to use three practical tools to engage their studentsââ¬â¢ learning of source-integration and incorporate these activities in class conversations regarding citation norms and/or writing assignments where students can reflect on the larger purpose for integrating texts. The activities in this session are relevant for all students, but will be particularly useful for new multilingual college students
Parochialism in Western Management Theory: Understanding the Employee Turnover Phenomenon in the Omani Public Sector
No full textThis thesis is concerned with tracing the employee turnover phenomenon in the Omani public sector. One of the most important aims was to provide a causal relationship that would explain the failure of the Omani public sector to retain its employees. Hence, the research initially followed a positivist approach in the first phase of empirical analysis. Accordingly, the researcher used descriptive analysis of data gathered by the quantitative method, questionnaire. The results affirmed findings of the Western theories about the causes of the employee turnover. However, the results revealed as well that the problem does not revolve around the causes of employee turnover but around how Omanis construct the meaning of employee turnover. These results encouraged me to trace the applicability of Western theories in the Omani context. Accordingly, the research question was reshaped to trace the convergence, divergence or crossvergence between Omani and Western contexts and the analysis came to rely more on an interpretive approach. Thus, in the second phase of the empirical analysis I used the universal analytical framework of ‗Scott‘s 3 institutional pillars‘ to analyze the qualitative data, re-analyzing using template and matrix analyses. Scott‘s (1995) three institutional pillars comprise the regulative, normative, and cognitive pillars. Using these heuristic pillars to interpret my qualitative data suggested that the Omani and Western contexts are divergent in cognitive and regulative perspectives and suggestively convergent in normative perspective. Thus, I concluded the Omani and Western contexts are suggestively crossvergent which explains Omani behavior regarding employee turnover. Consequently, I concluded that Western theories are not completely applicable in the Omani context. Actually, this is what I called parochialism in management theory, where western theories are considered to be transferrable to other context, and has implications in management practice. Throughout this thesis I argue for existing of parochialism in western management theory, with focus on employee turnover theories, and their applicability into the Omani context
