1,720,980 research outputs found
Adult and Continuing Education Policy in the United States of America.
No full textSelf-portrayed as “the largest and most technologically powerful economy... with a per capita GDP of $49,800” (CIA, 2014, Economy - overview), the United States of America (U.S.), with a population of over 300 million is the third most populous country of the world. A founding member of the United Nations, the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), and one of the world’s major economies, the U.S. exerts political influence well beyond its territory. This influence, backed by often being the highest dues-paying member of these organizations, depends to a great extent on national politics and priorities, and spans direct military control to more subtle direction of the educational development of children, youth and adults. Although no official national definition exists, adult and continuing education comprises adult literacy and education up to secondary school levels), adult vocational training, and non-credit postsecondary programs supported by federally supported programs (ED & DOS, 2008). After clarifying the USA’s political powers and responsibilities in adult and continuing education, this chapter concentrates on the grand-scale policy frameworks shaping U.S. priorities. While not accounting for all the policies and practices across the US’s 50 states and the District of Columbia, it does shed light on the prevailing philosophical, ideological and political interests in adult and continuing education at the national level. These interests influence both state and local governments’ decisions but also provide significant input to international debates on adult education policy development in other countries and international organisations
Introduction: Global Outlook on Adult Education and Learning Policies
No full textThis chapter provides a conceptual rationale for the following chapters. From a public policy perspective on adult education and learning, it argues that legislative frameworks and rationales at federal, state or municipal levels are an essential feature for adult education and learning opportunities to flourish or perish. Further, it acknowledges the importance for adult education and learning policies of governance beyond and across the purview of governmental structures that operate within single countries, where state-led institutions and non-governmental international organizations play a key role. Finally, it explains why analyses that are either institution- or country-focused still constitute a pre-condition for governance studies on adult education to grow in future years
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
The International Council for Adult Education and Adult Learning Policy: Addressing the Gap between Rhetoric and Practice
No full textThe first decade of the twenty-first century began with high hopes for improved opportunities for adult learners. In 1996 a UNESCO committee produced Learning: The Treasure Within (Delors, 1996), and in the same year the finance ministers of OECD countries agreed to give new impetus to lifelong learning policies since human capital was of central importance to the prosperity of industrialized economies (OECD, 1996; Rubenson, 2009; Schuller, 2009). These initiatives were followed by two key global events at which governments signed agreements to improve opportunities for the education of adults. CONFINTEA V, which was held in Hamburg in 1997, had established a broad developmental agenda for adult education (Nesbit and Welton, 2013) which recognized its distinctive role, both as a key part of the structured educational system and as a catalyst in achieving improvements to health and wellbeing, in industrial development, and in securing vibrant democracies through their active and engaged citizens (UNESCO, 1997). In 2000 the education agenda that had been agreed a decade earlier at Jomtien, Thailand, was reviewed and strengthened at the World Education Forum (UNESCO, 2000), which was held in Dakar, Senegal. Six global goals were agreed upon, including halving the rate of illiteracy by 2015; securing gender equality in access to education for girls and women; and, more vaguely, meeting the learning needs of all young people and adults through equitable access to appropriate learning and life-skills programmes (UNESCO, 2000)
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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