1,721,068 research outputs found
Hypoxic Functional Regulation Pathways in the GI Tract: Focus on the HIF-1α and Microbiota's Crosstalk
No full textHypoxia is an essential gastrointestinal (GI) tract phenomenon that influences both physiologic and pathologic states. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), the primary drivers of cell adaptation to low-oxygen environments, have been identified as critical regulators of gut homeostasis: directly, through the induction of different proteins linked to intestinal barrier stabilization (ie, adherent proteins, tight junctions, mucins, integrins, intestinal trefoil factor, and adenosine); and indirectly, through the regulation of several immune cell types and the modulation of autophagy and inflammatory processes. Furthermore, hypoxia and HIF-related sensing pathways influence the delicate relationship existing between bacteria and mammalian host cells. In turn, gut commensals establish and maintain the physiologic hypoxia of the GI tract and HIF-alpha expression. Based on this premise, the goals of this review are to (1) highlight hypoxic molecular pathways in the GI tract, both in physiologic and pathophysiologic settings, such as inflammatory bowel disease; and (2) discuss a potential strategy for ameliorating gut-related disorders, by targeting HIF signaling, which can alleviate inflammatory processes, restore autophagy correct mechanisms, and benefit the host-microbiota equilibrium.In recent years, hypoxic conditions, with subsequent hypoxia-inducible factor activation, and the gut's microbiota composition have both received significant attention due to their correlation with gut homeostasis maintenance. However, their potential synergic action needs further investigation
Aumentati livelli mucosali gastrici di IL-1alfa, IL-6 ed IL-8 in pazienti Helicobacter pylori-positivi affetti da cardiopatia ischemica.
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Confronto del'accuratezza diagnostica tra urea breath test e test fecale in pazienti con infezione da Helicobacter pylori dopo trattamento eradicante
No full textThe diagnostic accuracy of the UBT and the stool test for H. pylori (HpSA) has been investigated in 350 infected patients after eradicating treatment. In 43 (12.3%) patients, discordant or indeterminate results on UBT or HpSA were obtained. Thirty-three out of 43 patients underwent upper g.i. endoscopy with gastric biopsies for histological, immunohistochemical and coltural analysis for H. pylori. In 32 of 33 patients, the UTB, but not the HpSA, correctly determined the H. pylori status while in one case the UBT was indetemninate (with a negative HpSA test). These findings show that the HpSA test has a lower diagnostic accuracy than the UBT in the post-treatment setting. No coccoid forms of H. pylori were observed in patients with a positive HpSA and a negative UBT
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
CLINICAL ADVANCES IN GASTRIC FILLING AND EMPTYNG OF LIQUID EVALUED BY REAL-TIME ULTRASONOGRAPHY
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