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    Preface of the 15th International Workshop on [email protected]’21

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    After a break in 2020, this year the 15th edition of the workshop [email protected] is held at the 24th International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems. The workshop takes place virtually due to the Covid-19 pandemic on the 11th of October 2021. The workshop is organized by Sebastian Götz, Antonio Bucchiarone and Nelly Bencomo. Here, we present some highlights of the workshop

    4th International Workshop on [email protected]

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    The 4th edition of the workshop [email protected] was held at the 12th International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems (MODELS). The workshop took place in the city of Denver, Colorado, USA, on the 5th of October 2009. The workshop was organised by Nelly Bencomo, Robert France, Gordon Blair, Freddy Muñoz, and Cédric Jeanneret. It was attended by at least 45 people from more than 10 countries. In this summary we present a synopsis of the presentations and discussions that took place during the 4th International Workshop on [email protected]

    Foreword: 2nd Workshop requirements@ run. time

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    The 2nd edition of the Workshop [email protected] was held at the 19th International Conference on Requirements Engineering (RE 2011) in the city of Trento, Italy on the 30th of August 2011. It was organized by Nelly Bencomo, Emmanuel Letier, Jon Whittle, Anthony Finkelstein, and Kris Welsh. This foreword presents a digest of the discussions and presentations that took place during the workshop

    Living with Uncertainty in the Age of Runtime Models

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    Uncertainty can be defined as the difference between information that is represented in an executing system and the information that is both measurable and available about the system at a certain point in its life-time. A software system can be exposed to multiple sources of uncertainty produced by, for example, ambiguous requirements and unpredictable execution environments. A runtime model is a dynamic knowledge base that abstracts useful information about the system, its operational context and the extent to which the system meets its stakeholders’ needs. A software system can successfully operate in multiple dynamic contexts by using runtime models that augment information available at design-time with information monitored at runtime. This chapter explores the role of runtime models as a means to cope with uncertainty. To this end, we introduce a well-suited terminology about models, runtime models and uncertainty and present a state-of-the-art summary on model-based techniques for addressing uncertainty both at development- and runtime. Using a case study about robot systems we discuss how current techniques and the MAPE-K loop can be used together to tackle uncertainty. Furthermore, we propose possible extensions of the MAPE-K loop architecture with runtime models to further handle uncertainty at runtime. The chapter concludes by identifying key challenges, and enabling technologies for using runtime models to address uncertainty, and also identifies closely related research communities that can foster ideas for resolving the challenges raise

    Enhancing Gameful Systems with a Domain Specific Language for Rules Lifecycle Management

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    Gamification refers to the application of gaming concepts in non-playful contexts to encourage engagement with a product or service. Gameful systems are software programs that embed this concept and are increasingly being applied in various fields, such as environmental awareness, education and training, health, and food waste reduction. These systems are based on a set of rules defined by game designers, who specify the conditions that must be met to evolve the state of a game and the associated consequences. However, the current approaches to defining rules in gameful systems carry certain limitations that can give rise to undesirable or unforeseen behaviors. These limitations pose significant challenges to the smooth functioning and overall effectiveness of gameful experiences. This paper presents a Domain Specific Language (DSL) designed to simplify and strengthen the entire rule lifecycle process. The DSL guides designers during the rule definition process using easy-to-use fluent APIs. Additionally, it enables the simulation of rules and verification of their behavior through a graph that explicitly shows their interconnection. Finally, the DSL facilitates the deployment of rules on the gamification engine with simple steps. This approach enhances the effectiveness of gameful systems by reducing the likelihood of unintended consequences and improving the overall user experience

    On the use of software models during software execution

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    Increasingly software systems are required to survive variations in their execution environment without or with only little human intervention. Such systems are called "eternal software systems". In contrast to the traditional view of development and execution as separate cycles, these modern software systems should not present such a separation. Research in MDE has been primarily concerned with the use of models during the first cycle or development (i.e. during the design, implementation, and deployment) and has shown excellent results. In this paper the author argues that an eternal software system must have a first-class representation of itself available to enable change. These runtime representations (or runtime models) will depend on the kind of dynamic changes that we want to make available during execution or on the kind of analysis we want the system to support. Hence, different models can be conceived. Self-representation inevitably implies the use of reflection. In this paper the author briefly summarizes research that supports the use of runtime models, and points out different issues and research questions

    Summary of the 8th International Workshop on [email protected]

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    The 8th edition of the workshop [email protected] was held at the 16th International Conference MODELS. The workshop took place in the city of Miami, USA, on the 29th of September 2013. The workshop was organised by Nelly Bencomo, Sebastian Götz, Robert France and Bernhard Rumpe. Here, we present a summary of the workshop and a synopsis of the papers discussed during the workshop

    Foreword:first workshop [email protected]

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    The first edition of the Workshop [email protected] was held at the Eighteenth International Conference on Requirements Engineering (RE 2010) in the city of Sydney, NSW, Australia on the 28th of September 2010. It was organized by Pete Sawyer, Jon Whittle, Nelly Bencomo, Daniel Berry, and Anthony Finkelstein. This foreword presents a digest of the presentations and discussions that took place during the workshop
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