1,720,959 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Abiainete kasutamine vastsündinutele manustatavates ravimites Euroopas
Full text linkVäitekirja elektrooniline versioon ei sisalda publikatsioone.Abiained on vajalikud erinevate ravimvormide disainimiseks ja väljatöötamiseks. Neil on ravimites erinevaid funktsioone, mis võimaldavad tehnoloogiliselt ravimvormide valmistamist ja parandavad nii toimeaine (stabiilsus, biosaadavus) kui ka lõpliku ravimvormi omadusi (stabiilsus, maitseomadused jt.). Arvestades ainevahetuse iseärasusi, on teatud abiainete kasutamisega seotud riskid enam väljendunud vastsündinutel. Enam kui tuhandest kasutusel olevast abiainest on kõrvaltoimeid vastsündinutel kirjeldatud vaid üksikutel – parabeenid, polüsorbaat 80, propüleenglükool, etanool, bensoehape, naatriumbensoaat, bensüülalkohol, sorbitool, naatriumsahhariin ja bensalkooniumkloriid. Käesolevas töös keskendusime nende potentsiaalse ohtlikkuse seisukohalt enim huvi pakkuvate abiainete (excipients of interest, EOI) kasutuse uurimisele.
Meie töö eesmärkideks oli iseloomustada ravimites olevate EOI kasutamise ulatust Euroopa vastsündinute osakondades, s.h. hinnata uuringumetoodika mõju saadud tulemustele, leida EOI manustamisega seotud riskifaktorid ning hinnata ravimite asendamise võimalusi vältimaks EOI manustamist vastsündinutele.
Viisime Euroopa vastsündinute osakondades läbi 3-päevase küsimustik- (service evaluation survey, SES) ja ühepäevase hetklevimusuuringu (point prevalence study, PPS). Kahe uuringu metoodika hea omavaheline korrelatsioon andis võimaluse kasutada kogutud tulemusi teineteist täiendavana.
Kokku osales SES ja PPS uuringus vastavalt 20 ja 21 Euroopa riiki 115 ja 89 osakonnaga. SES registreeriti 313 toimeainet, mida manustati 1065 erineva ravimpreparaadina. PPS 726-le vastsündinule registreeriti 2199 ravimikorraldust. Kolmandik ravimitest sisaldasid vähemalt ühte EOI; kaks kolmandikku vastsündinutest said nendest vähemalt ühte. Uuritavate demograafilistele parameetritele ja aktiivainete struktuurile tasakaalustatud regressioonanalüüsis leidsime erinevused Euroopa regioonide vahel. Siit järeldasime, et on võimalik asendada ühes riigis kasutatava EOI sisaldav ravimpreparaat teises riigis kasutusel oleva EOI-vaba analoogiga. Leidsime, et ainuüksi sageli kasutatavate ravimite asendamine vähendaks kõigi EOI saavate vastsündinute arvu peaaegu poole võrra. Euroopa vastsündinutele manustatakse sageli EOI, kusjuures alati pole see tegelikult hädavajalik. Olemasolevate asendamisvõimaluste rakendamine säästaks paljud vastsündinud ebavajalikust ekspositsioonist.Pharmaceutical excipients are essential components of medicines necessary to maintain quality and patient acceptability. Due to organ immaturity there is a higher risk of adverse effects associated with the administration of excipients in neonates compared to adults. While thousands of excipients are in use, only some have been associated with the toxicity in neonates – excipients of interest (EOI). In this work EOI included parabens, polysorbate 80, propylene glycol, ethanol, benzoic acid, sodium benzoate, benzyl alcohol, sorbitol, saccharin sodium and benzalkonium chloride.
We aimed to describe the scale of neonatal exposure to EOI in Europe, to identify factors related to EOI administration and explore the opportunity of product substitution to reduce exposure to EOI.
We conducted a 3-day questionnaire (service evaluation survey, SES) and a 1-day point prevalence study (PPS). We showed a high correlation in the frequency of medicine use between the two methods. The choice of method in future studies depends on the research question, whether priority is given to a more comprehensive list of products (SES) or individual exposure data (PPS).
Altogether 20 and 21 countries with 115 and 89 units participated in the SES and PPS, respectively. In the SES 313 active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) representing 1065 products were registered. In the PPS 726 neonates received 2199 prescriptions. One third of products contained EOI and two thirds of the neonates were administered at least one of them. We found regional variations in the administration of some EOI. This indicates possibilities to use EOI-free products available in one but not another country. Substitution of only the most frequently used products would reduce the overall number of exposed neonates almost by a half. In conclusion, EOI are not rare in medicines used in European neonatal intensive care units, whereas EOI-free products available on the European market allow to reduce neonatal exposure to EOI substantially
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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