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A expressão de futuridade no português brasileiro contemporâneo: a variação em dados do projeto ALiB
Get PDFEsta pesquisa de Mestrado visa observar que contextos linguísticos e extralinguísticos favorecem a variação das formas verbais que expressam futuridade no português brasileiro contemporâneo. Fundamentou-se, para tanto, no aporte teórico e metodológico da Linguística Histórica, notadamente da Dialectologia Pluridimensional e da Sociolinguística Variacionista Laboviana. O corpus analisado constitui-se de 200 inquéritos realizados pelo Projeto Atlas Linguístico do Brasil – Projeto ALiB – em 25 capitais, nas quais se documentou a fala de oito informantes, dispostos equitativamente quanto ao gênero, às faixas etárias selecionadas –18 a 30 e 50 a 65 anos – e ao grau de escolaridade – fundamental e universitário. A análise quantitativa e qualitativa dos dados restringe-se às construções que expressam futuridade iminente em relação ao momento da fala e às estruturas condicionadas a uma situação hipotética anterior, a partir das respostas dos informantes às questões específicas constantes do Questionário ALiB, formuladas da seguinte maneira: “O que você fará amanhã?” e “O que você faria se ganhasse na loteria?”, respectivamente. Documentou-se a oscilação de uso das variantes quanto ao tempo/aspecto, a partir do confronto entre as formas sintéticas canônicas e não canônicas – presente com valor de futuro e imperfeito usado em lugar do condicional – lê-se futuro do presente, conforme a NGB –; e quanto ao comportamento morfossintático, a partir da presença/ausência de marca temporal no verbo e do confronto entre as formas sintéticas canônicas – futuro e condicional – com construções analíticas – “vou trabalhar” e “ia comprar” e sintético-analíticas – “irei trabalhar” e “iria comprar”. Os dados foram submetidos ao Programa Goldvarb, obedecendo a uma codificação, previamente realizada, constituída de 10 variáveis independentes: i) quatro grupos de fatores linguístico-estruturais – a presença/ausência de elemento condicionante e/ou marcador temporal, conjugação verbal, a extensão lexical dos verbos e o tipo de verbo –; ii) dois grupos de fatores pragmático-discursivos – o paralelismo discursivo e a ocorrência do âmbito da estrutura frasal, sob a perspectiva do efeito gatilho –; iii) três variáveis sociais – gênero, faixa etária e escolaridade, além da variável diatópica. Os resultados atestaram que a forma canônica futuro se encontra em desuso em prol da forma analítica, em contraponto ao condicional, para que a marcação morfológica é mais evidente, e que as expressões de futuridade – iminente e condicionada a uma situação hipotética anterior – se comportam de maneira diferenciada no que tange aos contextos favorecedores. Admitindo que o valor semântico da expressão de futuridade pode ser assumido, quer por uma categoria mórfica, imposto pela morfossintaxe, quer pelos elementos disponíveis no discurso, apresentam-se, além da descrição dos usos, argumentos que respaldam a afirmação de que as formas verbais podem ser substituídas entre si porque há condições intra, inter e extralinguísticas favoráveis à oscilação de uso das formas verbais que expressam futuridade no português brasileiro contemporâneo.This MA research study aims at observing which linguistic and extralinguistic contexts favor the variation of verb forms that express futurity in contemporary Brazilian Portuguese. The work has been grounded in the theoretical and methodological foundation of Historic Linguistics, particularly Pluridimensional Dialectology and Labovian Variationist Sociolinguistcs. The analyzed corpus comprises 200 inquiries from the ALIB Project – Brazil’s Linguistic Atlas – in 25 capital cities in which it was documented the speech of eight informants, equally distributed in terms of gender, age group – 18 to 30 and 50 to 65 years old – and educational background – primary and university levels. The quantitative and qualitative data analysis is restricted to constructions which express imminent futurity in relation to moment of speech and to the structures conditioned by a hypothetical previous situation, based on informants’ answers to the questions in the ALIB questionnaire, organized in the following way: “What are you going to do tomorrow?” and “What would you do if you won the lottery?”, respectively. It was documented the oscillation in use of variants related to time/aspect, departing from the confrontation between the canonic and non-canonic synthetic forms – present with value of future and imperfect used in place of the conditional – future of the present, according to NGB –; and related to the morphosyntactic behavior, from the presence/absence of the temporal mark in the verb and the confrontation between the canonic synthetic forms – future and conditional – with analytical constructions – “I’m going to (vou trabalhar)” and “I was going to buy (ia comprar)” and synthetic-analytical – “I will work (irei trabalhar)” and “I would go and buy (iria comprar)”. The data was submitted to the Goldvarb Program, following a codification, previously conducted, which comprises 10 independent variables: i) four groups of linguist-structural factors – presence/absence of a conditioning element and/or and temporal marker, verb conjugation, verb lexical extension and verb type –; (ii) two groups of discursive-pragmatic factors – discursive parallelism and the occurrence at the level of the sentence structure, under the perspective of the trigger effect –; iii) three social variables – gender, age, and educational background, besides the diatopic variable. Results have proved that the canonic form future has been used much less than the analytical form, in contrast with the conditional – as the morphological mark is much more evident, and the expressions of futurity – imminent and conditioned to a previous hypothetical situation – behave differently as for the favoring contexts. Admitting that the semantic value of the expression of futurity can be assumed, be it for a morpheme category, imposed morphosyntax, or for the elements available in the discourse, the work presents, besides the description of uses, arguments which sustain the statement that verb forms can be replaced by one another as there are inter, intra and extralinguistic conditions which favor the oscillation in use of those verb forms that express futurity in contemporary Brazilian Portuguese
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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