1,721,047 research outputs found
Biomimetic fiber‐reinforced composite structures based on natural plant ramifications serving as models
No full textThe increasing demand for material and energy efficient products requires new strategies for designing and developing these products. For this, biomimetics is a promising approach adopting the strategies of living organisms to cope with their environmental conditions as inspiration for solving engineering problems. The evolutionary optimized biological models are often characterized by functional integration, a low environmental impact and high level of sustainability. In this paper we describe the general approach of such a biomimetic workflow on the example of topology optimization based on the model of natural ramifications. We compare the load adaptations in cactus ramifications to the load-adaptive growth, which can be found in tree branchings. Compared to trees, the branches of columnar cacti taper towards the branch base with a pronounced constriction at the attachment point. In addition, the cactus wood features distinct indentations on the upper and lower side of the branch base which can be regarded as relief notches helping to modify the stress distribution in these regions with unfavorable fiber course. These results of our research point to a cactus specific load adaptation strategy that might be helpful for the design of fiber reinforced composite structures with restricted design space
Fig. 1 in Synopsis of the genus Drosera (Droseraceae) in Angola and the Democratic Republic of the Congo
No full textFig. 1 Morphology (a) and habitat (b, c) of Drosera L. a. Leaf shapes, flower and growth habit of Drosera (modified from Gilbert 1951, Laundon 1978). The leaf shapes show a great diversity (1. D. indica, 2. D. bequaertii, 3. D. burkeana). The flower (4) is usually pentamerous. The genus shows caulescent and acaulescent taxa (5. growth habit of D. madagascariensis); b–c. example of the habitat of Drosera in Angola. Drosera grows in swamps and seasonally wet habitats. — Photos by T. Lautenschläger.Published as part of Rjosk, A., Neinhuis, C., Monizi, M. & Lautenschläger, T., 2022, Synopsis of the genus Drosera (Droseraceae) in Angola and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, pp. 1-14 in Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants 67 (1) on page 2, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2022.67.01.03, http://zenodo.org/record/767946
Fig. 8 Drosera indica L. a in Synopsis of the genus Drosera (Droseraceae) in Angola and the Democratic Republic of the Congo
No full textFig. 8 Drosera indica L. a. Leaf shape showing linear to filiform lamina; b. general morphology: caulescent,, spiral leaves and laterally arising inflorescences; c. distribution according to the literature; d. province map of Angola and DRC with localities of examined herbarium specimens; e. pollen in tetrads with long echinate, narrowly conical sculpture elements in medium density; f. dry seed, 370 × 300 µm, with conspicuous reticulate pattern. — Scale bars: a = 1 cm; b = 2 cm; e = 10 µm; f = 100 µm.Published as part of Rjosk, A., Neinhuis, C., Monizi, M. & Lautenschläger, T., 2022, Synopsis of the genus Drosera (Droseraceae) in Angola and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, pp. 1-14 in Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants 67 (1) on page 9, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2022.67.01.03, http://zenodo.org/record/767946
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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