1,720,966 research outputs found
Safety, feasibility and efficacy of exercise as an airway clearance technique in cystic fibrosis - a randomised pilot feasibility trial
No full textObjectives: To test the feasibility and safety of exercise as an airway clearance technique (ExACT) for people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF) versus usual care (UC). Methods: Dual-site, two-arm randomised pilot trial. Fifty pwCF (≥10 years, forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV 1) ≥40% predicted), stable on Elexacaftor/ Tezacaftor/Ivacaftor, were recruited, of whom 48 were randomly assigned (1:1 with minimisation) to daily ExACT (stopping all other airway clearance techniques) or UC. Feasibility was measured by recruitment, retention and adherence against preset progression criteria. Key measures of safety and signals of efficacy included spirometry (FEV 1), lung clearance index (LCI 2.5), pulmonary exacerbations, physical activity, treatment burden and quality of life across 28 days. Qualitative interview data and preliminary health economic data were also collected. Findings: ExACT was safe over 28 days, measured by change in LCI 2.5 (ExACT −0.1 (0.6) vs UC 0.2 (0.8), mean (SD)) and FEV 1 (ExACT +2.1 (6.6) vs UC −0.8 (5.5), % predicted mean (SD)). Relative (ExACT/UC) differences of 0.97 (0.92, 1.02) for LCI 2.5 and absolute differences (ExACT-UC) of 3.2 (−0.6, 6.9) % predicted for FEV 1 suggest potential intervention efficacy. Few adverse events were reported; none serious. Recruitment and retention data suggest progression to a definitive trial, with 48/117 (41% of approached) randomised, 45/48 (92%) completing the study and a 60% overall adherence rate. Discussion: Testing of our primary hypothesis within a feasibility trial showed ExACT to be a safe, acceptable and feasible intervention for pwCF. These data support advancement to a definitive, longer-term, multisite trial evaluating the safety, efficacy and cost-effectiveness of ExACT, following minor refinement.</p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Kostnadseffektanalyse av koklea-implantat hos voksne
No full textA cost-utility analysis of unilateral cochlear implantation (CI) in severe to profoundly deaf adults has been undertaken from the primary perspective of the direct medical costs to the Norwegian health care system (all providers) as well as an assessment of those direct medical costs borne by patients (in the form of co-payments).Kostnadseffektanalyse av koklea-implantat hos voksnepublishedVersio
Cost-effectiveness of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in Norway
No full textNasjonalt kunnskapssenter for helsetjenesten ble bedt av Nasjonalt folkehelseinstitutt om å lage en medisinsk metodevurdering av vaksiner mot humant papillomavirus (HPV) -infeksjon. En systematisk oversikt over effekt og bivirkninger har allerede blitt publisert (Rapport fra Kunnskapssenteret nr 5−2007). Formålet med denne andre rapporten er å estimere den potensielle kostnadseffektiviteten av en vaksine som inneholder HPVtypene 16 og 18 (de to mest vanlige årsakene til livmorhalskreft).Cost-effectiveness of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in NorwaypublishedVersio
TNF-inhibitors for rheumatic diseases (part 3): Health economics
No full textBehandling med tumor nekrose faktor alfa (TNF-α eller bare TNF)-hemmere blir ansett som et alternativ til behandling med tradisjonelle sykdomsmodifiserende antirevmatiske medikamenter (såkalte DMARDs) for pasienter med revmatiske lidelser som revmatoid artritt (RA). Det finnes for tiden tre TNF-hemmere på det norske markedet (merkenavn i parentes): Adalimumab (Humira), etanercept (Enbrel) og infliximab (Remicade). Kunnskapssenteret har i tidligere rapporter foretatt en oppsummering av effekt og bivirkninger av preparatene (i randomiserte kliniske studier og registerstudier), mens vi i denne rapporten vurderer preparatenes kostnadseffektivitet for pasienter med revmatoid artritt. Etter kraftig vekst i forbruket over flere år, utgjorde det samlede salget av de tre preparatene 860 miilioner kroner i Norge i 2006.TNF-inhibitors for rheumatic diseases (part 3): Health economicspublishedVersio
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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