4,261 research outputs found
A letter to Hon M A Reed by the Member for MacDonnell
No full texttag=1 data=A letter to Hon M A Reed by the Member for MacDonnell
tag=2 data=Bell, Neil
tag=6 data=^d21^mMay ^y1992
tag=8 data=MEAT%DISEASES
tag=9 data=STOCK DISEASES ACT%PHILLIP CREEK
tag=10 data=TABLED PAPER
tag=15 data=PAM
tag=32 data=REED, MIKE%BELL, NEILTABLED PAPE
Mental illness and its treatment today
No full textThis paper discusses how the treatment of people with mental illness has been affected by the changes within health and welfare provision brought about by political change and austerity measures.
It is published by the Centre for Health and the Public Interest (CHPI) which has been set up by Colin Leys and his colleagues. Colin Leys is an emeritus professor of Public Health and an activist in protecting the NHS and the Public Sector. He is co-author of 'The Plot Against the NHS'
Testing nonlocality in quantum networks using iteratively obtained Bell inequalities
No full textQuantum networks play an important role in the fields of quantum information and quantum computation. One of the current problems for these networks concerns nonlocality. Characterizing and detecting nonlocality is relevant to the implementation of quantum networks and quantum repeaters, where Bell inequalities can be used to test if configurations are prepared correctly.This report contains an overview of an iterative method to find Bell inequalities for networks. Starting from a given network, this method constructs a new Bell inequality for a network containing one additional source and one additional party. We use this procedure to find new Bell inequalities for specific network structures and analyse how these can be used to detect nonlocality within a network.In the first part the Bell inequalities are considered from a more theoretical point of view. We focus on star-shaped networks and discuss violations predicted by quantum mechanics. We look for quantitative bounds describing a set of states that lead to violation, giving an indication of the required quality of the sources.Finally this method is applied to a setup similar to the one described by Bernien et al. We consider a network consisting of three parties and two sources. The effect of errors during preparation of an entangled pair of photons on the ability to detect nonlocality is evaluated. The same is done for the effect of measurement errors. Using numerical computations we show that violation of the Bell inequality can be improved by choosing different measurement angles.Applied SciencesElectrical Engineerin
The invisible artist: Arrangers in popular music (1950-2000): Their contribution and techniques
No full textThis thesis was submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and was awarded by Brunel University.This thesis is based on the research conducted by the author for the series,
Richard Niles' History of Pop Arranging, seven thirty-minute documentary
programmes for BBC Radio 2, researched, written and presented by the author and
broadcast in 2003. It also draws on interviews conducted by the author (and other
research) between 2002 and 2007 both for the radio series and for this thesis and on
the author's experience as a professional arranger in popular music working with
many of the genre's significant recording artists including Paul McCartney, Ray
Charles, Cher, Tina Turner, Westlife, Tears For Fears, Dusty Springfield, James
Brown, Pet Shop Boys, Kylie Minogue and producers including Trevor Hom, Steve
Lipson, Steve Mac and Steve Anderson.
It will be argued that the role of the arranger in popular music has often been
undervalued and that during a critical period of popular music history (1950-2000)
arrangers played a significant part in the evolution of musical content. This thesis is,
to the best of the author's knowledge, the first time (apart from the above mentioned
documentary) the subject has ever been examined. The arranger is "invisible" because musical arrangers are often un-credited on
record liner notes or in books or articles concerning popular music. A considerable
amount of research has been necessary to determine who wrote many of the
arrangements considered herein. Motown's Berry Gordy purposely kept the names of
musicians and arrangers off the records because he feared others might 'poach' the
trademark 'Motown Sound'. Other record labels considered the job of the arranger to
be reminiscent of an earlier era, diluting the Rock 'n' Roll image of emotion and
spontanaeity they wished to promote. Some producers and recording artists disliked
sharing credit for their work. Motown arranger David Van dePitte told the author that
arranging was "thankless and anonymous - a very service-oriented profession where
others often take credit for what you've done." Arranging has therefore remained an
intrinsically unseen art created by 'invisible' artists. By analyzing many recordings,
revealing the techniques and concepts they have used in their work to create popular
records, arrangers and their art will be made more 'visible'
The Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Argument and the Bell Inequalities
No full textIn 1935 Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen (EPR) published an important paper in which they claimed that the whole formalism of quantum mechanics together with what they called ``Reality Criterion'' imply that quantum mechanics cannot be complete. That is, there must exist some elements of reality that are not described by quantum mechanics. There must be, they concluded, a more complete description of physical reality behind quantum mechanics. There must be a state, a hidden variable, characterizing the state of affairs in the world in more details than the quantum mechanical state, something that also reflects the missing elements of reality. Under some further but quite plausible assumptions, this conclusion implies that in some spin-correlation experiments the measured quantum mechanical probabilities should satisfy particular inequalities (Bell-type inequalities). The paradox consists in the fact that quantum probabilities do not satisfy these inequalities. And this paradoxical fact has been confirmed by several laboratory experiments in the last three decades. The problem is still open and hotly debated among both physicists and philosophers. It has motivated a wide range of research from the most fundamental quantum mechanical experiments through foundations of probability theory to the theory of stochastic causality as well as the metaphysics of free will
Phylogeny, species delimitation and taxonomy in Polytrichum sect. Polytrichum (Polytrichaceae Schwagr.; Bryophyta)
No full textThe Polytrichaceae Schwägr. is a relatively a small, distinct family of mosses (Phylum
Bryophyta) usually recognised in its own order and class, Polytrichales and Polytrichopsida.
The presence of the characteristic “polytrichoid peristome”, lamellae on the adaxial side of the
leaf, well developed conducting tissue and the occurrence of some robust species with heights
of >40–60cm are some of the defining characters of the family. The type genus of
Polytrichaceae, Polytrichum Hedw. comprises three sections viz. Polytrichum section
Polytrichum, section Aporotheca and section Juniperifolia. The section Polytrichum is a well-circumscribed clade that includes eight species and all plants currently recognised within the
species concept of Polytrichum commune Hedw., one of the most widespread and ecologically
important moss species of northern temperate and boreal regions across Asia and North
America and also known from southern temperate areas. Although some molecular taxonomic
and monographic work has been done for certain genera within the family over the past three
decades, a comprehensive integrated (molecular and morphological) taxonomic revision has
not been done for Polytrichum sect. Polytrichum, which contains the type species of the genus,
P. commune Hedw.
This study presents the first robust molecular phylogenetic framework for Polytrichum sect.
Polytrichum using both Sanger and Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) approaches. For
Sanger sequencing, a robust taxon sampling (114 ingroup accessions) was done to cover a
substantial geographic distribution and morphological diversity. Six molecular markers were
used, including two nuclear markers (ITS1 and ITS2) and four plastid markers (rbcL, trnL-F,
rpl16 and trnG). Phylogenetic relationships of the species were tested for the concatenated
(3851 bp) matrix using both Maximum Likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inferences. The
monophyly of five clades was strongly supported within Polytrichum sect. Polytrichum [Arctic
and Subarctic P. swartzii and P. jensenii clades, a P. commune sensu stricto clade, and South
American P. angustifolium and P. brachymitrium clades] while one poorly supported large
clade was recovered including three morphologically and geographically distinct taxa, P.
perigoniale, P. subpilosum and P. ericoides. Within this, P. ericoides and P. subpilosum were
monophyletic, but ambiguously resolved in relation to elements within P. perigoniale, hence
the clade is best viewed as a species complex. A haplotype network is presented from a
representative subset of this clade using the ITS2 marker to illustrate and interpret the
relationships of taxa and geographical populations.
To investigate the unresolved species relationships further, a target enrichment with
Physcomitrella RNA baits was employed to sequence 809 low copy nuclear loci for 24
representative accessions of all extant taxa within the section. The data was assembled using
different approaches (de novo and reference mapping) and with different software and settings
to assess their impact on downstream phylogenetic analysis. All loci were concatenated and
analysed under the ML phylogenetic framework and treated as a single partition. The final
NGS phylogeny showed a similar phylogenetic pattern as was inferred using Sanger
Sequencing. However, a striking difference between the NGS and Sanger phylogenies was that
P. ericoides was separated as a well-supported monophyletic clade sister to the species
complex comprising. subpilosum, P. perigoniale and P. brachymitrium in the NGS phylogeny.
Moreover, P. brachymitrium, which was sister to the species complex with the Sanger data,
was nested within it in the NGS results. Possible taxonomic and phylogenetic explanations are
provided to address this issue.
This study presents the first worldwide monographic revision of Polytrichum sect. Polytrichum
based on herbarium specimens, including all available type specimens. The unresolved
nomenclatural issue of selecting a lectotype for the well-known moss taxon, Polytrichum
commune Hedw., has been resolved. Interpreting the molecular phylogenetic results of the
present study, it is now clearly revealed that Polytrichum perigoniale Michx. (earlier treated as
P. commune var. perigoniale) is a distinct taxon at species rank which has been widely
misunderstood, with many historic and recent collections from North America, Australasia,
Africa and Southeast Asia erroneously named previously as P. commune. This taxonomic
confusion is resolved by the molecular and morphological delimitations proposed in this study.
Eight morphological species are confirmed from the study: Polytrichum angustifolium Mitt.,
P. brachymitrium Müll.Hal., P. commune Hedw., P. ericoides Hampe, P. jensenii I.Hagen, P.
perigoniale Michx., P. subpilosum P.Beauv. and P. swartzii Hartm. New observations are
reported and a taxonomic key to separate species is provided based on vegetative and
reproductive characters. Typification, taxonomic descriptions, illustrations, geographic
distributions, synonymy, ecological notes and new species records are provided under each
species. All doubtful taxa are listed along with reasons for their exclusion. New combinations
are also included under each taxon, with justifications provided.
The sporophytes of P. ericoides Hampe. are reported for the first time, described and
illustrated. The taxon Polytrichum commune Hedw. in its revised circumscription is excluded
from Africa and China, while the geographic distribution of P. brachymitrium Müll.Hal. is
expanded from Brazil to Venezuela, Argentina and Colombia. The Arctic and Subarctic taxon
P. swartzii Hartm. is excluded from China, Taiwan and Japan.
This study provides the first phylogenetic study of Polytrichaceae using herbarium DNA to
infer phylogenetic relationships using hybrid capture methods. Although the capture was
variably successful it provided much target (nuclear) and off target (plastid) data for future
research. This study will open avenues for inferring phylogenetic relationships of extant genera
and species of the family Polytrichaceae through the design of genus- and species-specific
DNA probes, to elucidate any reticulate evolutionary trajectories such as allopolyploidy and
hybridisation within the group
Design and testing of a thick-film dual-modality sensor for composition measurements in heterogeneous mixtures
No full textThe current paper focuses on design and laboratory evaluation of a dual-modality sensor, developed for the needs of oil and gas extraction industry to measure the composition of heterogeneous mixtures in harsh conditions. The sensor combines ultrasonic and electrical measurement techniques, which are non-destructive, rapid and can potentially provide an on-line industrial measurement. Such a ‘dual-modality’ measurement could potentially be reliable in a wider range of process conditions. A distinct feature of the sensors presented here is their construction, which makes use of the thick-film technology, enabling the construction of multi-layered structures of both conductive and non-conductive layers, some of which may exhibit piezoelectric properties for ultrasonic measurement purposes. These are later fired on a ceramic substrate to provide rugged sensors, capable of working in aggressive industrial environments. Laboratory experiments to investigate the feasibility of the dual-modality sensors were conducted and some comparisons with the theoretical predictions are presented
Two-dimensional fluid model simulation of bell jar top inductively coupled plasma
No full textIn the present paper, argon (Ar) plasmas in a bell jar inductively coupled plasma (ICP) source are systematically studied over pressures from 5 to 20 mtorr and power inputs from 0.2 to 0.5 kW. In this study, both a two-dimensional (2-D) fluid model simulation and global model calculation are compared, The 2-D fluid model simulation with a self-consistent power deposition is developed to describe the Ar plasma behavior as well as predict the plasma parameter distributions, Finally, a quantitative comparison between the global model and the fluid model is made to test their validity
"All that palsies is not Bell's [1]"-The need to define Bell's palsy as an adverse event following immunization
No full textBell's palsy has been reported as an adverse event following immunization (AEFI). Review of the published literature reveals that several characteristics have been used to describe Bell's palsy, which differ significantly from author to author. Evidently, the definition of "Bell's palsy" remains controversial, and consensus between different medical subspecialties is urgently needed. The Brighton Collaboration has formed an international working group with representatives of neurology, otorhinolaryngology, pediatrics, electrophysiology, pharmacology, pharmaceutical and biotech industry as well as regulatory agencies to create a case definition of Bell's palsy as an AEFI. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
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