1,720,965 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Novel Pyroelectric and Switched Ferroelectric Ion Sources in Mass Spectrometry: Implementation and Applications
Get PDFInstrumentation development for ambient mass spectrometry is an ever-changing and ever-growing field, often emphasizing the development of field-portable, ruggedized instrumentation. This thesis presents work in the area of ion source development. Specifically, two novel ionizers for mass spectrometry are constructed, implemented, and tested on a variety of systems. The first, the ambient pressure pyroelectric ion source (APPIS) comprises a z-cut lithium niobate or lithium tantalate pyroelectric crystal which is subjected to thermal cycling. Thermal cycling and the pyroelectric effect result in the buildup of excess charge on the z-faces of the material. For a temperature change of only 30 K, an electrical potential as high as 70,000 V could be built up if no discharging occurs. At ambient pressure, electrical discharges occur between the oppositely charged crystal faces and regions of different potentials on the same crystal face. Monitoring of the discharges using an inductive pickup reveals that the time frame of ion production corresponds to that of electrical activity on the crystal face. Additionally, the ions observed in the mass spectra differ when different ambient gas compositions are present. This, and comparison to APCI experiments reveals that ionization with APPIS is a gas phase process and observed product ion species are highly dependent on ambient gas composition. An application of APPIS, whereby APPIS is used as an ion source for the detection of chemical warfare agents, is presented. Agents in the V and G classes possess amine functionality, and as a result have relatively high proton affinities and are well suited to ionization and detection using chemical ionization with APPIS. Simulants for the nerve agents VX and Tabun were detected as singly protonated species using APPIS.
A second ion source for ambient mass spectrometry is also presented, the switched ferroelectric plasma ionizer (SwiFerr). The source comprises a 1 mm thick plate of barium titanate with an electrode on one face and a grounded metallic grid on the opposite face. If an audio frequency high voltage waveform is applied to the electrode, domain structure is formed and the high electric fields across domain walls give rise to electron emission and plasma formation. At ambient pressure, the plasma produces chemical ionization reagent ions which participate in proton transfer reactions with trace species in ambient air. The source is useful for examining organic vapors and solid samples. Solid sampling is achieved through use of a pneumatic aspirator, which can aspirate powders into the SwiFerr source for analysis. Powders of the drugs loperamide and ibuprofen were ionized and detected using SwiFerr. A second-generation SwiFerr source has been designed and implemented, and is described. The second-generation source is constructed in a unibody fashion, such that the rear electrode, grid, and electrical contact wires are attached as a single unit using conductive adhesives. This allows for a source which is further miniaturized and capable of insertion into a standard Swagelok fitting, for ease of integration into existing instrumentation. The source is particularly sensitive, and an application involving detection of trace explosives is presented. Nanogram quantity samples of TNT were ionized and detected with SwiFerr after volatilization using a rudimentary thermal desorption apparatus. Sensitive detection of TNT suggests use of SwiFerr in applications where sensitive detection in field portable instrumentation is desired. To this end, plans for a stand-alone power supply for this ionizer as well as a supply designed for operating the source in a constant discharge mode at low power are presented in an appendix.
Additional work not related to ion source development is also presented in this thesis. Chapter 6 presents advances in free radical initiated peptide sequencing (FRIPS). The 20 amino acid basis set has been analyzed for reactivity with acetyl radical, and distinct reactivity classes are observed. Chapter 7 presents a study of regioselective cleavage at aspartic acid residues by various cations. Selective cleavage at aspartic acid is observed for any cation which is not mobile along the peptide backbone, and fragmentation proceeds through a salt bridge mechanism.</p
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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