1,720,995 research outputs found
Climate and conflict as spatial drivers of agroecosystems in Ethiopia
No full textKlimaatverandering en gewapende conflicten zijn twee van de meest invloedrijke factoren die agro-ecosystemen in tropisch Afrika vormgeven, met een bijzonder ingrijpende impact op klimaatgevoelige economieën zoals Ethiopië. Klimaatmodelleringstudies benadrukken de cruciale rol van microklimatologische variaties die neerslagpatronen beïnvloeden en vandaar hun impact op de weerbaarheid van gewassen. Convectie-permitterende modellen en satellietwaarnemingen tonen aanzienlijke ruimtelijke en dagelijkse variaties in neerslag, vooral in orografisch complexe regio's. Deze bevindingen onderstrepen het belang van het gebruik van gegevens met hoge resolutie om het huidige en toekomstige klimaat te simuleren en landbouwplanning te informeren. Kwetsbaarheden in ecosystemen worden verder verergerd door gewapende conflicten, die landbouwactiviteiten verstoren, infrastructuur beschadigen en versnelde landdegradatie en verwoestijning veroorzaken. Ondanks de duidelijke microklimatologische diversiteit is de aanpak van Ethiopië voor het beheer van agro-ecosystemen vaak te algemeen, wat heeft geleid tot inefficiënties in de verdeling van hulpbronnen en instandhoudingsinspanningen. Deze bevindingen benadrukken de noodzaak van meer lokale, genuanceerde strategieën die rekening houden met zowel microklimatologische variabiliteit als de sociaaleconomische impact van conflicten om de voedselzekerheid en veerkracht van ecosystemen te verbeteren.Climate change and armed conflicts are two of the most significant factors shaping agroecosystems in tropical Africa, with particularly profound impact over climate-sensitive economies like Ethiopia. Climate modeling studies highlight the critical role of microclimatic variations influencing rainfall patterns and hence their impact on crop resilience. In this work, convection-permitting models as well as satellite observations reveal significant spatial and diurnal variations in rainfall, especially in orographically complex regions. These findings underscore the importance of using high-resolution data to simulate current and future climate and inform agricultural planning. Ecosystem vulnerabilities are further exacerbated by armed conflicts, disrupting agricultural activities, damaging infrastructure, and accelerating land degradation and desertification. Despite the evident microclimatic diversity, Ethiopia's approach to agroecosystem management has often been overly generalized, leading to inefficiencies in resource distribution and conservation efforts. These findings emphasize the need for more localized, nuanced strategies that account for both microclimatic variability and the socio-economic impacts of conflict to enhance food security and ecosystem resilience
War and siege inflicted damage on Tigray’s ecosystem
No full textContinued ecosystem damage could eventually make Tigray part of a wider desert connecting the Sahel to the Afar Triangle, a scenario which may render the area uninhabitable
Climate and land-cover change in dryland-catchments, and their effect on spate-hydrology of farming community in semi-arid lowlands of Raya-valley, northern Ethiopia
No full textPasha 130 : the Ethiopia and Tigray conflict is worsening hunger in the region
No full textEthiopia and its northern region of Tigray have been in conflict for about a year now. The political power struggle that had been going on for decades escalated a year ago when Ethiopia’s Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed ordered a military offensive.
The conflict is putting hundreds of thousands of people in Tigray at risk of starvation and famine. Tigray is a dry place but farmers have long known how to manage the lands for production. The blockade on Tigray by the Ethiopian government, however, has meant that necessary equipment could not reach farmers. There have also been locust attacks which have significantly damaged crops.
Our guest in this episode of Pasha is Emnet Negash, who is from Tigray. He is a PhD student at Ghent University and assistant professor at Mekelle University in Ethiopia. He and his team at Ghent compared the state of ploughing in Tigray before and during the conflict. They found that 20%-30% of the land has been left fallow (compared to 5% normally) and only 20%-50% of the land was expected to produce reasonable yields – which might then be threatened by locusts again
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
- …
