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Clypeuspinus devagiriensis Neethu & Sabu 2023, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Clypeuspinus devagiriensis</i> sp. nov. <p>(Fig. 3A–E)</p> <p> <b>Type material.</b> Holotype male, Paratypes 4 ex. (2 males; 2 females). Labelled: “ India: Kerala: Mavoor wetland, Palliyol (11.2604° N, 75.9391° E), ‘Light trap’, 21.ix.2021. coll. V. P. Neethu ”, deposited in ZSIK.</p> <p> <b>Description.</b> Dorsal and ventral habitus as in Fig. 3A, B.</p> <p>Head, pronotum, elytral margin, elytral suture, profemurs and tibiae dark reddish brown. Meso and metacoxae, femurs and metatrochanters light reddish-brown. Antennae, labial palpi, maxillary palpi, protarsomers, meso and metatibiae and tarsomeres yellowish brown. Elytral disc black. Abdominal ventrites dark brown.</p> <p>Head elongated, smaller than pronotum. Surface smooth, with scattered micropunctures. Labrum three setose with isodiametric meshes. Clypeus straight, margin not bordered, clypeal suture indistinct, wings extending forward and rounded at apex, obtuse emargination between clypeus and clypeal wings blunt, clypeal setigerous punctures situated at anterior part of frontal furrows. Supra antennal plates elongate with reflexed margin in posterior half. Frons elongated and convex, frontal furrows deep. Vertex convex with fine micropuntures. Supra orbital carinae sharp. Supra orbital furrows deep and wide, with two supra orbital setae. Eyes normally developed, genae as long as eyes. Neck constriction complete, composed of large punctures. Antennae reaching up to middle of pronotum, pubescent from third antennomere onwards, antennomeres four to eleven moniliform, pedicellus attached eccentrically to scapus, scapus with setae at apical quarter. Mandibles elongated and curved apically. Apical maxillary palpomeres elongated, slightly securiform, with slightly truncated end. Penultimate labial palpomeres bisetose. Mentum and submentum separated. Mentum wide with two pairs of setae (a pair towards base of median tooth, another pair towards base of mentum), median tooth moderately wide and truncate at apex, projecting as far as lateral lobes, lateral lobes wide with rugose surface. Submentum quadrisetose. Genae with dense rugosities.</p> <p>Pronotum pentagonal in shape, moderately convex, surface glabrous, glossy with scattered micropunctures and transverse wrinkles, front angles produced, hind angles with a small denticle breaking through the outline, anterior transverse line deep and well impressed with large punctures, median line deep and wide, joining with basal constriction, lateral channel widened between two lateral setigerous punctures. Reflexed lateral margins, flange carinate.</p> <p>Elytra moderately convex, elongate, nearly parallel, well-marked shoulders with distinct humeral tooth, scutellar strioles moderately developed, striae deep and punctuated, stria one joining to setigerous basal tubercle, striae two and three free at base, striae four and five fused at base, striae one and seven reaching apex, interval eight carinate from humerus to apex, intervals six and seven carinate at humerus only, intervals two, three and four with distinct basal tubercle, interval three with two setigerous punctures close to third stria, with reflexed lateral margins, marginal channels with uninterrupted series of setigerous punctures, extreme apex of elytra with isodiametric meshes. Hind wings fully developed</p> <p>Ventral side (Fig. 3B): Prosternal surface rugose, with isodiametric meshes at disc. Proepisternum with coarse punctures and rugosities. Prosternal process wide. Metasternum glossy, with transverse wrinkles and micropunctures. Metepisternum longer than wide. Abdominal ventrites smooth and glossy, third to fifth ventrites with a pair of median setae, last ventrite with variable number of median setae (ranges from zero to three) and with a pair of widely separated apical setigerous punctures on each side.</p> <p>Protibiae with three terminal spines, slender, curved laterally. Metatibiae with long protuberance preapically furnished with seta. Claws simple. Tarsomeres not widened in both sexes.</p> <p>Male genitalia: Median lobe well curved, pointed towards apex, right paramere wider than left paramere, both parameres bisetose at apex (Fig. 3C–E).</p> <p>Sexual dimorphism: Not externally visible.</p> <p> <b>Measurements.</b> Holotype (male), TLB = 6.06 mm, PL = 1.52 mm, PW = 1.55 mm, EL = 3.30 mm, EW = 1.73 mm; Paratype <b>(</b> n=4 <b>),</b> TLB = 5.69–6.38 mm, PL = 1.41–1.61 mm, PW = 1.43–1.62 mm, EL = 3.08–3.53 mm, EW = 1.62–1.79 mm.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> Named after the host institution's local name, Devagiri College.</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> Similar to <i>Clypeuspinus validus</i> but differs in the following characters: labrum three setose (five setose in <i>C. validus</i>); obtuse emargination between clypeus and clypeal wings blunt (obtuse emargination between clypeus and clypeal wings sharp in <i>C. validus</i>); supraorbital carinae sharp blunt in <i>C. validus</i>); elytra elongate and nearly parallel (subelongate in <i>C. validus</i>); third elytral interval with two setigerous punctures (in <i>C. validus</i>, third interval of left elytron with three setigerous punctures and right elytron with four setigerous punctures); second, third and fourth intervals with distinct basal tubercle (only third interval with a distinct basal tubercle in <i>C. validus</i>).</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> INDIA: Kerala: Kozhikode: Mavoor, Palliyol.</p> <p> <i>Clypeuspinus devagiriensis</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> is the first species of the genus <i>Clypeuspinus</i> discovered from Indian mainland.</p>Published as part of <i>Neethu, V. P. & Sabu, K. Thomas, 2023, A new species of the genus Clypeuspinus Balkenohl, 2021 (Coleoptera: Carabidae Scaritinae) from India, pp. 589-594 in Zootaxa 5296 (4)</i> on pages 590-593, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5296.4.8, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/7984462">http://zenodo.org/record/7984462</a>
Decision support system for precision agriculture using deep learning
No full textNeethu Madhukumar developed a deep learning-based irrigation decision support system (IDSS). Literature revealed existing IDSS performance declines under inaccurate rainfall and soil moisture information. Hence she developed novel deep learning technologies for more accurate information extraction of these parameters for better irrigation decisions, resulting in signification water and cost savings
A new species of the genus Clypeuspinus Balkenohl, 2021 (Coleoptera: Carabidae Scaritinae) from India
No full textNeethu, V.P., Sabu, K. Thomas (2023): A new species of the genus Clypeuspinus Balkenohl, 2021 (Coleoptera: Carabidae Scaritinae) from India. Zootaxa 5296 (4): 589-594, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5296.4.8, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5296.4.
Image 1 in Ecology and population structure of a terrestrial mycoheterotrophic orchid, Aphyllorchis montana Rchb.f. (Orchidaceae) in Soppinabetta forests of the Western Ghats, India
No full textImage 1. Morphology of Aphyllorchis montana. © P.A. Sinu A - a clump of the orchid; B - a single flower; C - terminal part of an inflorescence with mature capsules.Published as part of Sinu, Palatty Allesh, Sinu, Neethu & Chandrashekara, Kruthik, 2012, Ecology and population structure of a terrestrial mycoheterotrophic orchid, Aphyllorchis montana Rchb.f. (Orchidaceae) in Soppinabetta forests of the Western Ghats, India, pp. 2915-2919 in Journal of Threatened Taxa 4 (9) on page 2916, DOI: 10.11609/JoTT.o2743.2915-9, http://zenodo.org/record/509284
Features of the retinotopic representation in the visual wulst of a laterally eyed bird, the zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata).
No full textThe visual wulst of the zebra finch comprises at least two retinotopic maps of the contralateral eye. As yet, it is not known how much of the visual field is represented in the wulst neuronal maps, how the organization of the maps is related to the retinal architecture, and how information from the ipsilateral eye is involved in the activation of the wulst. Here, we have used autofluorescent flavoprotein imaging and classical anatomical methods to investigate such characteristics of the most posterior map of the multiple retinotopic representations. We found that the visual wulst can be activated by visual stimuli from a large part of the visual field of the contralateral eye. Horizontally, the visual field representation extended from -5° beyond the beak tip up to +125° laterally. Vertically, a small strip from -10° below to about +25° above the horizon activated the visual wulst. Although retinal ganglion cells had a much higher density around the fovea and along a strip extending from the fovea towards the beak tip, these areas were not overrepresented in the wulst map. The wulst area activated from the foveal region of the ipsilateral eye, overlapped substantially with the middle of the three contralaterally activated regions in the visual wulst, and partially with the other two. Visual wulst activity evoked by stimulation of the frontal visual field was stronger with contralateral than with binocular stimulation. This confirms earlier electrophysiological studies indicating an inhibitory influence of the activation of the ipsilateral eye on wulst activity elicited by stimulating the contralateral eye. The lack of a foveal overrepresentation suggests that identification of objects may not be the primary task of the zebra finch visual wulst. Instead, this brain area may be involved in the processing of visual information necessary for spatial orientation
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Flavoprotein Autofluorescence Imaging of Visual System Activity in Zebra Finches and Mice
No full textMichael N, Bischof H-J, Loewel S. Flavoprotein Autofluorescence Imaging of Visual System Activity in Zebra Finches and Mice. PLoS ONE. 2014;9(1): e85225.Large-scale brain activity patterns can be visualized by optical imaging of intrinsic signals (OIS) based on activity-dependent changes in the blood oxygenation level. Another method, flavoprotein autofluorescence imaging (AFI), exploits the mitochondrial flavoprotein autofluorescence, which is enhanced during neuronal activity. In birds, topographic mapping of visual space has been shown in the visual wulst, the avian homologue of the mammalian visual cortex by using OIS. We here applied the AFI method to visualize topographic maps in the visual wulst because with OIS, which depends on blood flow changes, blood vessel artifacts often obscure brain activity maps. We then compared both techniques quantitatively in zebra finches and in C57Bl/6J mice using the same setup and stimulation conditions. In addition to experiments with craniotomized animals, we also examined mice with intact skull (in zebra finches, intact skull imaging is not feasible probably due to the skull construction). In craniotomized animals, retinotopic maps were obtained by both methods in both species. Using AFI, artifacts caused by blood vessels were generally reduced, the magnitude of neuronal activity significantly higher and the retinotopic map quality better than that obtained by OIS in both zebra finches and mice. In contrast, our measurements in non-craniotomized mice did not reveal any quantitative differences between the two methods. Our results thus suggest that AFI is the method of choice for investigations of visual processing in zebra finches. In mice, however, if researchers decide to use the advantages of imaging through the intact skull, they will not be able to exploit the higher signals obtainable by the AFI-method
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