169 research outputs found
Biochar: An emerging recipe for designing sustainable horticulture under climate change scenarios
No full textThe interest in sustainable horticulture has recently increased, given anthropogenic climate change. The increasing global population will exacerbate the climate change situation induced by human activities. This will elevate global food demands and the vulnerability of horticultural systems, with severe concerns related to natural resource availability and usage. Sustainable horticulture involves adopting eco-friendly strategies to boost yields while maintaining environmental conservation. Biochar (BC), a carbon-rich material, is widely used in farming to improve soil physical and chemical properties and as an organic substitute for peat in growing media. BC amendments to soil or growing media improve seedling growth, increase photosynthetic pigments, and enhances photosynthesis, thus improving crop productivity. Soil BC incorporation improves abiotic and biotic stress tolerance, which are significant constraints in horticulture. BC application also improves disease control to an acceptable level or enhance plant resistance to pathogens. Moreover, BC amendments in contaminated soil decrease the uptake of potentially hazardous metals, thus minimizing their harmful effects on humans. This review summarizes the most recent knowledge related to BC use in sustainable horticulture. This includes the effect of BC on enhancing horticultural crop production and inducing resistance to major abiotic and biotic stresses. It also discuss major gaps and future directions for exploiting BC technology
Enhancing Oral Health via the Sense of Coherence Approach Among Adult Patients at University Dental Hospital
No full textMuhammad Ashraf Nazir,1 Salman Alghamdi,2 Mohammed Sallout,2 Salman Bubshait,2 Amal Asiri3 1Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia; 2College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia; 3Department of Dental Education, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence: Muhammad Ashraf Nazir, Email [email protected]: The purpose of the study was to assess the sense of coherence and its relationship with oral health and other study variables among adult patients at university dental hospital.Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study included adult patients visiting the Dental Hospital of the College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam. Sense of coherence was determined by Antonovsky’s Sense of Coherence scale (SOC-13), which consists of 13 items on a 7-point Likert. DMFT index, plaque index, gingival index, and simplified oral hygiene index were used to evaluate the oral health of study participants. Bivariate and multivariable analyses were performed, and 0.05 level of significance was used in the study.Results: The study included the data of 558 participants with a mean age of 32.19± 10.11 years. The mean score of SOC was 52.77± 13.11, which was significantly higher in high-income participants (P < 0.001), participants without a medical condition (P=0.021), non-smokers (P < 0.001), and those who visited the dentist in less than one year (P=0.028). Bivariate analysis showed statistically significant negative correlations between SOC and DMFT index (P=0.002), SOC and plaque index (P < 0.001), SOC and gingival index (P=0.002), and SOC and simplified oral hygiene index (P=0.001). Multivariable analysis also showed that SOC was significantly correlated with DMFT index (P=0.001), plaque index (P < 0.001), gingival index (P < 0.001), and oral hygiene index (P=0.004) after controlling for age, gender, education, and monthly income.Conclusion: This study found that high-income and healthy participants, non-smokers, and those who visited the dental office during the last one year demonstrated significantly higher SOC. In addition, there was a statistically significant correlation between SOC and oral health. These study findings highlight the importance of raising awareness about SOC to improve oral health outcomes in adult patients.Keywords: sense of coherence, oral health, dental visits, smokin
Predictors of Routine Dental Check-up Among Male Adolescents in Saudi Arabia
No full textCilj: Željela se procijeniti povezanost socijalno-ekonomskih čimbenika i samopercipiranih oralnih stanja s rutinskim stomatološkim pregledima među mladićima u pubertetu. Metode: Ovo presječno istraživanje provedeno je na mladićima (od 10. do 12. razreda) iz javnih škola u različitim gradovima u istočnoj pokrajini Saudijske Arabije. Za odabir sudionika primijenjeno je višestupanjsko randomizirano uzorkovanje. Za prikupljanje podataka korišten je pilotirani upitnik preveden na arapski jezik. Rezultat: Bilo je uključeno 586 učenika prosječne dobi 16,86 ± 0,87 godina. Prevalencija rutinskih posjeta stomatologu tijekom prethodne godine iznosila je 18,9 %. Kod polovine cjelokupnog uzorka
zabilježeni su karijes (50,5 %) i osjetljivost zuba (50 %) praćena bolovima (42,2 %). Bivarijantna analiza otkrila je da su djeca s karijesima (ILO 0,4, 95 % CI 0,26, 0,61), zuboboljom (OR 0,63, 95 % CI 0,41, 0,97) i zadahom (IL 0,41, 95 % CI 0,23, 0,71) rjeđe odlazila na rutinske stomatološke preglede od onih bez navedenih stanja. Konačni model multivarijantne logističke regresije pokazao je da su karijes (OR 0,42, 95 % CI 0,27, 0,66) i zadah (OR 0,45, 95 % CI 0,25, 0,78) statistički značajno povezani s rjeđim posjetima doktoru dentalne medicine radi redovitih pregleda. Nije uočen znatan utjecaj socijalno-ekonomskih čimbenika na rutinske odlaske stomatologu. Zaključci: Mali broj mladića odlazio je na rutinske stomatološke preglede. Djeca s karijesom i neugodnim zadahom rjeđe su to činila. Treba povećati svijest o važnosti redovitih stomatoloških pregleda kako bi se kod školske djece smanjila prevalencija oralnih bolesti.Objective: To evaluate the association of socioeconomic factors and self-perceived oral conditions with routine dental check-up among male adolescents. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on male children (grade 10-12) from public schools in different cities of the Eastern province of Saudi Arabia. A multistage random sampling was used for the recruitment of study participants. A piloted questionnaire translated into the Arabic language was used for data collection. Results: There were 586 students with mean age 16.86±0.87 years. The prevalence of routine dental visit within last year was 18.9%. Half of the entire sample had dental cavities (50.5%) and tooth sensitivity (50%) followed by dental pain (42.2%). Bivariate analyses found that the children with dental cavities (OR 0.4, 95% CI 0.26, 0.61), dental pain (OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.41, 0.97), and malodor (OR 0.41, 95% CI 0.23, 0.71) had significantly lower odds of routine dental visits than those without these conditions. The final model of multivariable logistic regression showed that dental cavities (OR 0.42, 95% CI 0.27, 0.66) and malodor (OR 0.45, 95% CI 0.25, 0.78) were significantly associated with lower likelihood of visiting dental office for a regular dental check-up. No significant influence of socioeconomic factors on routine dental attendance was observed. Conclusions: A small proportion of children performed routine dental visits. The children with dental cavities and malodor were less likely to perform routine dental visits. The awareness about the importance of regular dental check-up should be raised to reduce the burden of oral diseases in schoolchildren
Vertical Sundial from the Madrasa of al-Ashraf Inal (No. 158) on Cairo Northern Necropolis
No full textThe primary goal of this paper is a detailed publication of the little known mizwala munharifa (vertical sundial), still preserved on the madrasa belonging to the funerary complex of the Sultan Al-Ashraf Inal (no. 158), on the so-called Cairo North Cemetery. This sundial, dating back to Rabi I, year 871 [AH] – i.e. 11.10.-09.11.1466 AD – is a work of the otherwise unknown ‘poor Hassan al-Tayybi’, pupil of the famous mathematician and astronomer (and a longtime muwaqqit of the Al-Azhar) Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn al-Ġazal, widely known as Badr or Sibt al-Din al-Mar[i]dini (AD 1423–1506).
Further on, comparing the mizwala in question with two other sundials preserved in the city center, author attempts to approach the function and role this instrument might have played within the social context of the local population inhabiting the north-east Cairo suburbs (Cairo ‘fuori le mura’, the ‘North Cemetery’ included) – dominated, by the end of the mamluk period, by numerous sufi communities
A reappraisal of attitudes to the 'People of the Book' in the Qur'an and hadith, with particular reference to Muslim fiscal policy and the covenant of 'Umar
No full textEThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo
al-Misbāh fī al-Nahw By Nāsir al-Dīn al-Mutarrizī al-Nahwī (d. 610/1213) A Critical Edition of the Text with the Life History of the Author
No full textNāsir al-Dīn al-Mutarrizī al-Nahwī (d.610/1213) was one of the most renowned figures in the field of Arabic Grammar. He has left an indelible mark on the world of Arabic language and literature. He is also known as the successor of al-Zamakhsharī.
He wrote a number of books but his al-Misbāh fī al-Nahw gained prominence at a level that no other book in this field could claim to achieve. For this reason, a great number of commentaries have been written in every age, of which the most famous are al-Daw and Khulāsat al-I‘rāb written by Tāj al-Dīn al-Isfrā’īnī and ‘Abd al- Karīm al-Tūsī (better known as Hājjī Bābā) respectively. Moreover, its translation into other languages also demonstrates its value as a useful book.
Although al-Misbāh has been edited on more than one occasion, the published editions do not fulfil the needs and requirements of modern academic research criteria. The basic aim of this thesis is to present this book with a current modern research style so that the students, teachers and ordinary readers of Arabic language and literature may benefit from this work.
This thesis is divided into two parts. The first part deals with the life history of the author and his other works. A brief note of the environment under which he grew up (generally referred to as the ‘Seljuk’ period) is also included in this part.
The second part consists of a text edition that deals with the derivation (Takhrīj) of syntactical issues together with the differing opinions of grammarians on syntactical/grammatical issues. This part also proffers the idiomatic English translation of al-Misbāh
Flood management, characterization and vulnerability analysis using an integrated RS-GIS and 2D hydrodynamic modelling approach: The case of Deg Nullah, Pakistan
No full textOne-dimensional (1D) hydraulic models have been extensively used to conduct flood simulations for investigating flood depth and extent maps. However, the 1D models cannot simulate many other flood characteristics, such as flood velocity, duration, arrival time and recession time when the flow is not restricted within the channel. These flood characteristics cannot be disregarded as they play an important role in developing flood mitigation and evacuation strategies. This study formulates a two-dimensional (2D) hydrodynamic model combined with remote sensing (RS) and geographic information system (GIS) approach to generate additional flood characteristic maps that cannot be produced with 1D models. The model was applied to a transboundary river of Deg Nullah in Pakistan to simulate an extreme flood event experience in 2014. The flood extent images from the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) and observed flood extents were used to evaluate the model performance. Moreover, an entropy distance-based approach was proposed to facilitate the integrated multivariate flood vulnerability classification. The simulated 2D flood modeling results showed a good agreement with the flood extents registered by MODIS and the observed ones. The northwest parts of Deg Nullah near Seowal, Dullam Kahalwan and Zafarwal were the most vulnerable areas due to high flood depths and prolonged flooding duration. Whereas high flood velocities, short flood arrival time, prolonged flood duration and recession times were observed in the upper reach of Deg Nullah thereby making it the most susceptible, critical and vulnerable region to flooding events.Higher Education Commission of Pakista
ادبی تحقیق میں مکتوبات کی موضوعاتی اہمیت
No full textLetters are the main source for literary research, biography and social history, The importance of letters is attributed to the well-known personality. Celebrity letters have a distinct social and historical status. The letters cover the correspondent's individual problems as well as the collective psychology of the period. Letters are very important literary research, social research and political research. The letters are of equal importance to a literary research and social researcher. Mirza Ghalib, Rajab Ali Sarwer, Maulvi Nazir Ahmad, Sir Sayyed, Abul Kalam Azad, Prem Chand, Allama Iqbal, Hasrat Mohani, Muhammad Ali Johar, Abdulhaq and other literary figures in Urdu literature have literary, political, socioeconomic and religious importance. The letters of the aforementioned are the main source of literature in literary research. The letter has many facets. Literary researcher can get material from them with his research point of view. The author's biography, habits, manners, attitudes and lifestyle can be viewed in private letters. From the political lines one can know his political life, political ideology, political situation and events and the political scenario of the same era,such as Hasrat Mohani and Zafar Ali Khan's letters. For example, Ghalib's letters are a political and social statement of this era. Prison letters revea the prisoner aspect of the author's life, like the letters of Faiz Ahmad Faiz. Letters written to woman (like girlfriend, wife) highlight some aspects of her romantic life, such as Shibli and Iqbal's letters. Religious letters can shed light on the author's religious beliefs and ideas,such as those of Abdul Majid Daryabadi, Ahmad Raza Khan Barelvi and Ashraf Ali Thananwi. The letters describe the author's financial situation. So this article will highlight the importance of letters differnet facets. This article will provide thematic explanation of letters in literary research
Awareness about the effects of tobacco consumption on oral health and the possibility of smoking behavior among male Saudi schoolchildren
No full textABSTRACT
Objective: To investigate an association between the awareness about the effects of tobacco consumption on oral health and the likelihood of smoking among male schoolchildren. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted using a multistage random sampling technique. The participants (ages 15–19 years) were recruited from male public high schools in Greater Dammam in Saudi Arabia. A pretested questionnaire inquired participants’ awareness about the effects of smoking on oral health. SPSS (Released 2013, IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 22.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp) was used to calculate unadjusted and adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Multiple logistic regression and interaction analyses were performed to identify the factors associated with the probability of smoking behavior among children. Results: More than 69.9% (n = 277) of participants were aware of the adverse effects of tobacco consumption on oral health which included poor oral health, bad taste and breath, periodontal disease, dental caries, oral ulcers, and oral cancers. The odds of smoking were 22%–47% lower among schoolchildren who were aware of the consequences of smoking on oral health than those who were unaware of these complications. The students who believed that smoking can cause oral ulcers and negatively affects oral health had a lower probability of smoking (OR: 0.414; CI: 0.201–0.50) and (OR: 0.433; CI: 0.194–0.965), respectively in comparison with those who thought that smoking had no such negative impacts. Conclusions: Schoolchildren with increased awareness of smoking effects on oral health were less likely to smoke. Educating students about the complications of smoking on oral health should be the part of smoking cessation programs and policies.</jats:p
Test Anxiety and Related Factors among Health Professions Students: A Saudi Arabian Perspective
No full textThe study aimed to evaluate test anxiety and its relationship with demographic factors among undergraduate medical, dental, and pharmacy students in Dammam, Saudi Arabia. The health professions students from Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia participated in this cross-sectional study. Test Anxiety Inventory (TAI) by Spielberger was used to evaluate test anxiety and the score on the scale ranges from 20 to 80. Of the total 1098 participants, 878 returned completed questionnaires and the response rate of the study was 79.9%. In response to the items of TAI, 33% of participants reported that they almost always “wished examinations did not bother so much”. The mean TAI score of the sample was 43.17 (SD = 10.58). There were statistically significant differences in the mean scores of TAI among dental (44.15 ± 0.48), medical (41.64 ± 1.31), and pharmacy (43.44 ± 9.29) students (p = 0.003). The students with high grade point average (GPA) (mean TAI = 41.91 ± 10.43) demonstrated significantly lower test anxiety than those with low GPA (mean TAI = 44.05 ± 10.67) (p = 0.006). Academic grade in the previous year (GPA) remained a statistically significant factor associated with test anxiety (B = −2.83, p = 0.003) in multivariate analysis. This study showed that test anxiety was common among health professions students, and dental students and students with low GPA demonstrated high test anxiety. Students with high test anxiety should be the target of preventive strategies
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